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Hi. FOSTER RAIN 
PMISSOURI 


GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 


VOLUME V. 


PALEONTOLOGY OF MISSOURI 


(PART II) 


CHARLES ROLLIN KEYES, A. M., Ph. D., 


STATE GEOLOGIST. 


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JEFFERSON CITY: 
TRIBUNE PRINTING COMPANY, PRINTERS AND BINDERS. 
1894, 








BOARD OF MANAGERS. 


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CXCELLENCY, WM. J. STONE, GOVERNOR OF MIssouRI, JEFFERSON CITY, 
Ex officio President of the Board. 


Dr. J. AL BRIVTS.6 sc. sseescssessessevessesee eves tsesev ences sess CINTOR 
“gb WEOL Te Meier Nn et en tee... Serer pra 
PRor. E. M. Sueparp, Drury College.............+++++++++++SPRINGFIELD 
- Pror. W. H, Swamon, School of Mines..........00.e.-.0es0ceee0es ROLLA 


LAP 7 





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GEOLOGICAL CORPS. 








CHARLES R. KEYES, STATE Grotoarsr. 


E H. LONSDALE, Ass’t Gronocist, C. F, MARBUT, Ass’? Gronoarst, 
Building Materials. Topography. —— 


‘HH. A. WHEELER, Ass’r Geovoaist, ERASMUS HAWORTH, ‘agate Grovocist at 


Clays. Crystalline Rocks, —— . ay A 
E. L. CARTER, SecrErary. ; 


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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 


MIssouRI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY? 
JEFFERSON City, June 1, 1894. 


To the President, Governor Wm. J. Stone, and the members of the 
Board of Managers of the Bureau of Geology and Mines: 
GENTLEMEN—I have the honor to transmit herewith the 

second part of my Report on the Paleontology of Missouri. 

With great respect, 
CHABLES R. KEYES, 
State Geologist. 





CONTENTS. 


Page 
Pappu 
SR I PU TEE GUS Mea ees 6 oe u's oven oy eee ae acess. ecole ce nemeoee” aes 5 
Ee OU GR Mee ieee IM iiss Vath yee dees seee conven sqddnsees vou 7 
Ee TTI a ga os MAS ae nae eee es Er 9 
MEE ae ee iiis ic sb ce'ee eet icin Ox oldb.d oGeC redo cdvabs obese i 
SPURTE TIMER LIILTOUUCGION ss cce cease caess evcvcacesctevsdedcvcesvenens 20 
CuHaPreR II. Sketch of Missouri Stratigraphy..................0.6-: 29 
CHAPTER III. Biological Relations of Fossils .............222cceeeees 88 
SeAPTeR EV. ProtozOand and Sponges .....cscevcscccescncscsecessecs 102 
CHaPTrR V. Hydrozoids and Corals............+-. EP ne Pepe ee 104 
CHAPTER Vi. Echinoderms: Echinoids and Asterids................ 125 
_Cuapter ViI. Echinoderms: Cystids and Blastoids....... sees aac ABY, 
meri, VIII) Kohinoderms.:  Crinoids.. 1... ..0scsccecdeiess easveess 143 
Pte s Say VV OLIN ANG) OLUStACCROS 0. icc eis ceases camtwdsveceerans 226. 
Appendix—Stratigraphic Catalogue of Missouri Fossils.............. 241 
Paria 

SOME OT UHI RINI GCL bey de ciate | 5 vad oy ae oo an nea ls baie oH Ua ws e Oale ewe 5 
EMEA OR CHOMILMTLER ou isc a ia ye foi da 'cn tae Ce wae nd EM Rate eens doa ous bobs « 7 
ee TAR EE MEM luted ida b-n hove sso Map 09/00 Faure Re pe Ma's oa alte 0 6a" 9 
ee oth ae Ceele acco aials av cies dle wee cs No 0c chbabe dee dees screura deawas 11 
ee ener OLY ZONA votes Ga cd's aay viea's wakinw\ ney nin dee sine seek ies. + a) LE: 
Sete E eae | DTACTIODOU Be men ciec cn rsd e's 00 cuwedbecetesesctcsescseces 38 
ers) AsAMEMIDTANICHB <,, in e's vcd sere oe 0 a0 ocean scons s Perabo vite 108 
Se CUBE MeL S, | (FABCOTOP OSs, 6c cece sa s0s0 tes sly eicipcecneencunencuccres 138 
OLY 2 CODUAIONOGE ica cc es cakes sos dee sue neaceasecusaeece'ess 220 
CHAPTER XV. Vertebrates ...........ceeeee> ELE HE REI aS Rene 229 
Appendix—Synonymic Index to the Fossils of Missouri.............. 241 





PLATE i. 
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XXV. 
xxvi. 


xxvii. 
SOMViil; 
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XXX. 


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XXXKV. 


exxvi 
XxXxvil. 
XxXXviii. 


56. 3.85 
xl. 


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5. ib 


xiii. 


“LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PART ls 


Gorge of the Missouri at Jefferson City. 
Saccharoidal Sandstone at Pacific. 
Unconformity of Lower Carboniferous and Ozark Limestones. 
Mississippian Section. 

Louisiana Limestone at Louisiana. 
Lover’s Leap, Hannibal (Lower Carboniferous ). 
Louisiana Topography, 

Saint Louis Limestone. 

Juncture of Coal Measures and Saint Lonis Limestone. 
Carboniferous Rocks at Kansas City. 
Development of Actinocrinus. 
Protozoans, Sponges and Corals. 
Corals. 

Corals. 

Echinoids 

Echinoids. 

Echinoids, Structure. 

Cystids and Blastoids. 

Crinoids, Structure 

Crinoids. 

Crinoids. 

Crinoids. 

Crinoids. 

Crinoids. 

Crinoids. 

Crinoids. 

Crinoids. 

Crinoids. 

Crinoids. 

Crinoids. 

Crinoids. 

Crustaceans. 


| add a ad hla 8 Bl 


Polyzoans. 
Polyzoans. 
Brachiopods 
Brachiopods. 
Brachiopods. 
Brachiopods. 
Brachiopods. 
Beachiopods. 
Brachiopods. 
Lamellibranchs. 
Lamellibranchs. 


G—2 


10 


PLATE xliv. 
xiv. 
xlvi. 
xlvii. 
xlviii. 
licks 
i 

li. 

lii. 
liii. 
liv. 


FiGureE 1. 


2. 
3. 
4, 
5. 
6. 


~I 


10. 
Ls 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Lamellibranchs. 
Lamellibranchs. 
Lamellibranchs. 
Lamellibranchs. 
Gasteropods. 
Gasteropods. 
Gasteropods. 
Gasteropods. 
Gasteropods. 
Cephalopods. 
Cephalopods. 


FIGURES IN PART I. 


Section at Railroad Bridge north of Fredericktown, Madison county, show- 
ing contact of Cambrian and Archean. 

Ideal section of the Deposition of the Ozark Rocks. 

Relation of Saint Louis and ‘‘ Warsaw ’’ beds at Keokuk, Iowa. 

False bedding of Oolite at Ste. Genevieve. 

Relation of the Aux Vases Sandstone. 


Rocks at Chester (Illinois) showing Coal Measure sandstone resting on Kas- 


kaskia limestone and shales. 


Line of juncture at figure 6. 
Lower Coal Measures resting on Brecciated Saint Louis limestone at Keokuk, 


Iowa. 
Plan of Actinocrinus. 


PARTI, 


Variation of Capulus equilateralis (from above). 
Variation of Capulus equildteralis (from side). 


PREFACE. 


The Paleontology of Missouri is contained in two volumes. 
Part I, which forms volume IV of the subject reports of the 
Missouri Geological Survey, and contains chapters I to IX 
and plates I to xxxiI, has already been published. In addi- 
tion to the consideration of the fossils, there is included an 
introductory chapter on the stratigraphy of the State, accom- 
panied by a geological map compiled from the work of former 
surveys and data obtained by the present organization. 

The second part of the Paleontology of Missouri is con- 
tained in the following pages. It embraces chapters X to XV 
and plates xxx1IL to LIV of the entire work. In it are con- 
sidered the Polyzoans, Brachiopods, Lamellibranchs, Gastero- 

pods, Cephalopods and Vertebrates. 






ene 


ws , 


CHAPTER X. 


POLYZOANS. 
Phacelopora pertenuis ULRICH. 


Plate xxxili, fig. 3. 
Phacelopora pertenuis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Dllinois, vol. VILI, p. 406, 
ni. xxix, figs. 1-le. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- 
stone: Thebes ( Illinois); apparently the same form occurs in 
Missouri below Cape Girardeau. 


Homotrypa arbuscula ULRIcH. 
Homotrypa arbuscula Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 409, 
pl. xxxviii, figs. 3-3c. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- 
stone: Calhoun county ( Illinois ). 


Leioclema gracillimum ULRIc#H. 
Leioclema gracillimum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 429, 
pl. Ixxv, figs. 6-6b. 
florizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal; Keokuk limestone: Clark county ; 
Keokuk (Iowa); Warsaw ( Illinois). 


Leioclema punctatum (Hatt). 


Callopora punctata Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 653. 

Callopora missouriensis Rominger, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
Delli. 

Leioclema punctatum Ulrich, 1882: Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 
V,p. 141, pl. vi, fig. 1-la. 

Leioclema punctatum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 430. 


Zoarium large, dichotomizing; branches three or four mil- 
limeters in diameter, and arising from broad basal expansions 


14 POLYZOANS. 


or attached to foreign objects; surface even, often slightly 
spinous. Zoccial walls thick; openings elliptical, surrounded 
by numerous small mesopores. Acanthopores rather large. 
TTovizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: LaGrange, Wayland and other places in north- 
eastern Missouri; and in the same beds of the contiguous por- 
tions of the adjoining states. | 


Leioclema foliatum ULricH. 


Leioclema folatum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 4381, 
fig. 1 (on p. 301). ; 


Horizon and localities. —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
beds: Warsaw (Illinois). 


Leioclema araneum ULRICH. 


Leioclema araneum Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 431, 
pl. Ixxv, figs. 9-9c. 
Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Chester 
shales: Ste. Genevieve; Chester ( Illinois). 


Batostomella nitidula ULricH. 


Batostomella nitidula Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 436, 
pl. Ixxv, figs. 3-3b. 


Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Chester 
shales: Chester (Illinois); apparently the same form as occurs 


in Ste. Genevieve county, Missouri. 





Stenopora americana ULRIcH. 


Stenopora americana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIIL, p. 437, 
pl. Ixxv, figs. 1-la. 

Stenopora americana, var. varsaviensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. VIII, p. 487, pl. lxxiv, figs. 3-3a. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 


limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). 


Stenopora montifera ULric#. 


Stenopora montifera Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. illinois, vol. VIII, p 438, 
pl. xxiv, figs. 4-4b. 





Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Clark county; Bentonsport (Iowa). 


PULYZOANS, é 15 


Stenopora emanciata ULRIcH. 


Stenopora emanciatu Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 438, 
pl. Ixxiv, figs. 2-2a. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). 


Stenopora intercalaris Unricy. 


Stenopora intercalaris Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 439, 
pl. xxiv, figs. 5-5a. ° 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw (Illinois). 


Stenopora angularis ULRIcH. 


Stenopora angularis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 439, pl. 
Ixxiv, figs. 6-6b. 


Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: LaGrange. 


Stenopora intermittens ULRIcH. 


Stenopora intermittens Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 440, 
figs. 16a-b. 


Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). 


Stenopora tuberculata (PRovt). 
Flustra tuberculata Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acid. Sci., vol. I, p. 
447, pl. xvii, figs. 3-3d. 
Cyclopora polymorpha ? Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 


p. 578. 

Cyclopora polymorpha Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 421, pl. 
xxi, figs. 5-5b. 

Stenopora tuberculata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 441, 
figs. 17a-b. 


Zoarium variable in size and shape, forming thin expan- 
sions on shells of brachiopods and the hard parts of other 
organisms; often free, with a well-defined and wrinkled epitheca 
on the under side. Surface nearly smooth. Zoccial openings 
sub-circular or rounded polygonal; tubes prostrate at first, 
but rapidly curving outward; walls thin. Mesopores not 
abundant; diaphragms numerous. Acanthopores of medium 
size. 


16 POLYZOANS. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Barrett station (Saint Louis county); Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester (Illinois). | 


Stenopora cestriensis ULrRicnH. 


Stenopora cestriensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p 442, 
pl. Ixxiv, figs. 7-7a. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
‘limestone: Chester (Illinois ). 


Stenopora meekana ULRICH. 
Stenopora meekana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 443, pl 
|xxiii, figs. 7-7a. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). 


Anisotrypa solida ULricz. 


Anisoirypa solida Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 449, pl. 
Ixxii, figs. 9-9e. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve county; Chester (Illinois). 


Fistulipora compressa RomMInGcErR. 


Fistulipora compressa Rominger, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 
123. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: LaGrange, Wayland ( Clark county). 


Fistulipora carbonaria ULRICH. 


Fistulipora carbonaria Ulrich, 1884: Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 
VII, p. 45, pl. iii, figs. 1-la. 


Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Meekopora approximata ULRIc#H. 


Meekopora approximata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 
484, pl. Ixxvii, fig.5. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskas- 
kia limestone: Chester ( Illinois). 





POLYZOANS. iL 


Meekopora clausa (ULRIcH). 


Fistulipora? clausa Ulrich, 1884: Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 
VII, p. 47, pl. iii, figs. 4-4b. 

Meekopora clausa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 485, pl. 
Ixxvii, figs. 7-7b. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 

limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). 


Strotopora foveolata ULricn. 


Strotopora foveolata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VILLI, p. 487, 
pl. lxxvi, figs. 9=9a. 


Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: St. Francisville; Bentonsport (Iowa); Warsaw 
( Illinois ). 

Strotopora dermata ULRICH. 
Strotopora dermata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 488, pl. 

Ixxvii, figs. 8-8a. 3 

Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Cystodictya nitida ULrica. 


Cystodictya nitida Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. L[llinois, vol. VIII, p. 493, pl. 
Ixxvi, figs. 4-4c. 


Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: St. Franscisville ( probably); Bentonsport (Iowa). 


Cystodictya americana ULRIcH. 


Cystodictya americana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 494, 
pl. Ixxvi, figs. 5-5a. 


Horizon and localities Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa), and elsewhere on the lower 
Des Moines river. 


Cystodictya pustulosa ULRICH. 


Cystodictya pustulosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 495, 
pl. Ixxvi, figs. 2-2a. 


Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


18 POLYZOANS. 


Coscinium ? latum ULRIcH. 


Coscinium latum Ulrich, 1890: Geo]. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 497, pl. 
Ixxvi, figs. 7-7b. 


Zoarium large, forming a broad, flattened, reticulated frond, 
with a large expanded basal portion attavhed to foreign objects. 
Zoccial openings somewhat reniform, regularly arranged in 
LOWS. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal?; Burlington (lowa); Quincy ( Illinois). 


Dichotrypa intermedia ULrRtcu. 


Dichotrypa intermedia Ulrich, 1890: Geo] Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 500, 
pl. Ixxvi, figs. 9-9c. 


Zoarium forming broad, fan-shaped fronds, with attenu- 
ated margins; surface smooth, zowcial apertures circular, and 
arranged in more or less distinct rows. ; 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: St. Louis. 


Actinotrypa pecularis ( RoMINGER ). 
Plate xxxiv, fig. 6. 


Fistulipora pecularis Rominger, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 123. 
Actinotrypa pecularis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VILI, p. 503, pl. 
Ixxvil, figs. 3-3b. 


Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: LaGrange; Keokuk (Iowa). 


Prismopora trifolia ( ROMINGER ). 


Fistulipora trifolia Rominger, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 122. 
Prismopora trifolla Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 505, 
pl. lxxvii, figs. 4-4a. 
Horizon and localities — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: LaGrange; Keokuk ( Iowa). 


Evactinopora sexradiata Mrrex & WorrHeEn. 


Evactinopora secradiata Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. 
III, p. 502, pl. xvii. fig. 3. 

Evactinopora sexradiata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. VIII, p. 510, 
pl. lxxiii, figs. 2-2b. 


POLYZOANS. 19 


Zoarium small, delicate, depressed, composed of six flat- 
tened expansions, radially placed. Zoccial apertures sub- 
circular, closely arranged. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Louisiana; Burlington ( lowa). 


Evactinopora grandis Merk & WorrTHEN. 


Evactinopora grandis Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Ilinois, vol. LIT, 

p. 503, pl. xv, figs. 2a-b. 

Evactinopora grandis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 511, 

pl. Ixxiii, fig. 4. 

A very large, robust form, with four rays arranged at right 
angles to one another, and measuring from 6 to 10 centimeters 
from end to end. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Louisiana, Hannibal. 


Evactinopora radiata MEEK & WoRTHEN. 
Evactinopora radiata Meek & Worthen, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 165. 
Evactinopora radiata Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. III, 
p. 502, pl. xvii, figs. 2a—-b. 
Evactinopora radiata Ulrich, 1884: Jour. CincinnatiSoc. Nat. Hist., vol. 
VII, p. 42, pl. ii, figs. 1-le. 
Evactinopora radiata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIIL, p. 509, 
pl. Ixxiii, figs. 3-3a. 
Zoarium ellipsoidal in outline when complete, consisting 
of from six to eight bilaminar vertical folia, arranged in a 
radiate manner. In the basal half of the zoarium the folia or 
rays are united and much thickened by a deposit of calcareous 
material, so that the “body” or the star as seen in the basal 
view is comparatively strong, and the rays are preserved in 
the regular rounded base as angular covering ridges, separated 
by at first very shallow then gradually deepening and widening 
furrows. Ata point about midway between the summit and 
base where the rays become free, they are actually elliptical in 
transverse section, four or five mm. in width, with a non-pori- 
ferous border on each edge—the outer one a little the widest: 
from this point the margins are parellel for a short distance, 
then converge slowly, till they meet at the narrowly rounded 


20 POLYZOANS. 


extremity. The whole base for nearly one-third the distance 
up the side of the rays is non-poriferous at the surface, the 
zocecia apertures here being covered by a granulo-striate 
deposit of schlerenchyma decreasing in thickness upward. 
Zoccia prostrate at first, then arising from the mesial lamin 
proceed to each surface of the rays at an angle of about 45°. 
Apertures subcircular, oblique, the lower margin being most 
elevated; about 0.22 mm. MInterspaces occupied by small 
‘lenticular vesicles, a few of which remain open, especially on 
each side of the mesial plane, the rest being filled and obscured 
by vertically perforated dense tissue, the perforations appear- 
ing in tangential sections as exceedingly numerous minute dark 
spots. Scattered among them are other spots of large size, 
that resemble acanthopores, in having the central portion 
lucid. Lunarium inconspicuous. ( Ulrich.) 

Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Exact place not known. 


Glyptopora plumosa (Prout). 
Plate xxxiii, fig. 5. 
Coscinium plumosum Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 

572. 
re ae plumosum Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. If, p. 414, pl. 

xxii, figs. 3-3b. 

Glyptoporu plumosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. I[llinois, vol. VIII, p. 512, 
pl. Ixxviii, figs. 3-3c. 

Zoarium consisting of one or more bilaminar thin expan- 
sions, arising from a common attached base, each having both 
surfaces traversed by strong bifurcating and coalescing ridges, 
so as to enclose large but rather shallow concave spaces or 
cups, varying, so far as observed, in length from 20 to 30 mm., 
and in width from 12 to 32 mm. The surface of the cups 
slopes gradually up to the base of the sharp edge ridges. At 
the bottom there is usually a long and narrow depressed 
macula or “ dimple,” and on each side, arranged in a more or 
less distinctly pinnate manner, are a series of long curving, 
sharply depressed parallel dimples, about 1.2 mm. wide, and 
from 7 to 16 mm. long. 


POLYZOANS. 21 


The ridges on one side of the expansion correspond to 
the central depression on the other. Zocecia apertures very 
slightly oblique, subcircular or oval, 0.15 to 0.20 mm. in diam- 
eter, arranged in from four to eight (usually five) alternating 
rows between the dimples, about nine in 3mm. Peristome 
moderate, somewhat more elevated on one side than on the 
other. Interspaces depressed when perfect, usually about 
half as wide as the apertures. In thin sections the zoccial 
tubes have moderately thick ring-like walls, a portion of the 
wall being distizguishable from the rest as the lunarium by its 
lighter color. A large number of small vesicles occupy the 
interspaces between the zowcia walls. ( Ulrich.) 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Barrett station (Saint Louis county). 


Glyptopora sagenella (Prout). 


Coscinium sagenella Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 
573. . 
Coscinium sagenella Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 415, pl. 
Xxii, figs. 5-5a. 
Glyptopora sagenella Uirich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. VIII, p. 513, 
pl. Ixxviii, figs. 6-6a. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa); Warsaw ( Illinois ). 


Glyptopora megastoma ULRIcH. 
Glyptopora megastoma Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 518, 
pl. Ixxviii, figs. 5-5a. 
Horizon and lecalities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk and Bentonsport (lowa). 


Glyptopora elegans (Prouvr). 


Coscinium elegans Prout, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 572. 

Coscinium elegans Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. II, p. 431, pl. xxii, 
figs. 22a. 

Glyptopora elegans Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 518, pl. 
Ixxviii, figs. 10-10e. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). 


22 POLYZOANS. 


Glyptopora keyserlingi (Prout). 


Coscinium keyserlingt Prout, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 
269, pl. xv, figs. 4-4a. 

Glyptopora keyserlingi Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 
517, pl. Ixxviii, figs. 4-4b. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk ( Iowa). 


Glyptopora michelinia (Prout). 


Coscinium michelinia Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 


573. 

Coscinium michelinia Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 414, pl. 
xxii, figs. 44a. 

Glyptopora michelinia Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 515, 
pl. Ixxviii, figs. 8-8b. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Barrett station (Saint Louis county). 


Tzeniodictya ramulosa ULRicu. 


Teniodictya ramulosa Uirich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 528, 
pl. Ixvii, figs. 1-1b. 
Horizon and localittes—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Tzeniodictya frondosa ULRIcH. 


Teniodictya frondosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 529, 
pl. lxix, figs. 5-dce. 


Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Stictoporella basalis Uxricn. 


Stictoporella basalis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 532, 
pl. Ixxv, figs. 5-5b. 


Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois ). 


Fenestella filistriata ULricu. 


Fenestella filistriata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 535, 
pl. xlix, figs. 2-2a. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Montezuma (Illinois ). 


POLYZOANS. 23 


Fenestella rudis Utricu. 
Plate xxxiv, fig. 5. 


Fenestella rudis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. VIII, p. 537, pl. 
xXlix, figs. 3-3d. 


Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: St. Francisville. 


Fenestella limitaris Utrica. 


Fenestella limitaris Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol VIII, p. 538, pl. 
xlix, figs. 4-4a. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Fenestella multispinosa ULrRicH. 


Fenestella multispinosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 
540, pl. 1, figs. 3-3e. 


Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). | 


Fenestella funicula Utric#. 


Fenestella funicula Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 542, 
pl, li, fig. 6. 


Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Fenestella serratula ULRICH. 


Fenestella serratula Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VII1, p. 544, 
pl. 1, figs. 5-5e. 


Horizon and localities—-Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Fenestella cingulata ULRic#H. 


Fenestella cingulata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 543, pl. 
lii, figs. 1-la. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (lowa), 


Fenestella banyana Prout. 


Fenestella banyana Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 450, 
pl. xviii, figs. 4-4b. 


Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county). 


24 POLYZOANS. 


Fenestella tenax ULricH. 


Fenestella tenax Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 546, pl. li, 
figs. 2-2e. ; 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester (Illinois ). 


Fenestella cestriensis ULrRIcH. 


Fenestella cestriensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. hi, 
figs. 5-5b. 


Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). 


Fenestella flexuosa UtLrica. 


Fenestella flexuosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 548, pl. 
li, figs. 4-4¢. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester (Illinois ). 


Fenestella shumardi Provt. 
Plate xxxiv, figs. 2a-b. 


Fenestella shumardi Prout, 1868: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 
232. 

Fenestella shumardi Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 153, pl. 
vii, figs. 38-ab. 


Polyzoum growing apparently in flabelliform expansions 
and composing an extremely fine delicate network; branches 
very slender, of uniform size, rather flattened and compara- 
tively coarsely striated on the non-poriferous side, bifurcating 
at rather regular intervals of from 0.20 to 0.25 inch, the divi- 
sions diverging but slightly; fenestrules oblong or about once 
and a half to nearly twice as long as wide, distinctly quadran-. 
gular, especially as seen on the non-poriferous side, and about 
equaling the breadth of the branches; dissepiments extremely 
slender or scarcely more than one-fourth as thick as the 
branches, not widened at the end on the non-poriferous side, 
but often somewhat expanded by a pore at one or both ends 
on the other side. Poriferous side with a mesial carina appar- 
ently sometimes bearing minute projecting points, and on each 
side of this angle about two and sometimes three compara- 


POLYZOANS. / 25 


tively large pores, generally arranged so that there is one at 
each end of each dissepiment, and another between these oppo- 
site each side of each fenestrule. ( Meek.) 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Fenestella elevatipora ULRIcu. 
Fenestella elevatipora Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 549, 
pl. li, figs. 3-3a. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester (Illinois). 


Hemitrypa hemitrypa (PRovtT). 


Fenestella hemitrypa Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 444, 
pl. xvii, figs. 3-3d. 

Hemitrypa proutana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. VII, p. 560, pl. 
lvii, figs. l-le. 
fTorizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 

limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county). 


Hemitrypa aspera ULRIcH. 
Hemitrypa aspera Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sar. [llinois, vol. VIII, p. 563, pl. 
ivii, figs, 4-4f. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Lowa). 


Hemitrypa nodosa ULric#. 


Hemitrypa nodosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, yol. VIII, p. 562, pl. 
Ivii, fig. 3. 


Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa). 


Hemitrypa perstriata ULRicu. 


Hemitrypa perstriata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VILLI, p. 564, 
pl. lvii, figs. 6-6a. 


Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


2°26 POLYZOANS. 


Hemitrypa pateriformis URtIcH. 
Hemitrypa pateriformis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 564, 
pl. lvii, figs. 7-7c¢. 
Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Archimedes owenanus Hatt. 
Plate xxxili, fig. 2. 
Archimedes owenanus Hall, 1857: Proc. Am. Ag. Ad. Sci., vol. X.p.178 
Archimedes owenanus Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VII[, p. 570, 
pl. Ixiii, figs. 6-6e. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: St. Francisville. 


Archimedes wortheni Hatt. 
Plate xxxili, fig. 1. 
Archimedes wortheni Hall, 1857: Proc. Am. As. Ad. Sci. vol. X., p. 178. 
Archimedes wortheni Hall, 1858: Geol. Lowa, vol. I. p. 651, p). xxii, figs. 3, 
4a—-b, 5a-b. 
Archimedes reversa Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 652, pl. xxii, fig. 2. 
Archimedes worthenit Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 571, pl. 

Iviii, figs. 8-Sa. 

Zoarium large, flabellate, twisted; often attaining a meas- 
urement of 20 to 25 centimeters. Axis robust, elongate, fusi- 
form; volutions quite regular; shaft short, abruptly and 
broadly expanding. Fenestrated portion very broad, with 
closely set, rigid branches, and consequently very narrow fen- 
estrules. Zocecial openings small, somewhat elevated. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 


limestone: Wayland, LaGrange. 


Archimedes swallovanus HALL. 


Archimedes swallovanus Hall, 1857: Proc. Am. As. Ad. Sci., vol. X, p. 


173. 
Archimedes swallovanus Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 


574, pl. lxiii, figs. 12-12d. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve. 


POLYZOANS. ? 27 


Archimedes laxus Hatt. 


Archimedes lava Hall, 1857: Proc. Am, As. Ad. Sci., vol. X, p. 178. 
Helicopora archimediformis Claypole, 1883: Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, vol. . 
XXXIX, p. 34, pl. iv, figs. 3-4. 
Archimedes larus Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Dlinois, vol. VILI, p. 580, pl. 
Ixiii, figs. 15-15a. ; 
Fflorizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Chester 
limestone: Chester ( Illinois). 


Lyropora retrosa Mrrk & WorTHEN. 


Plate xxxiv, fig. 4. 


Fenestella (Lyropora) retrosa Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Iliinois, 
vol. [IL, p. 504, pl. xv, fig. 1. 


Solid marginal support only known, the expanded, reticu- 
late portion being always entirely removed. The two divisions 
of the lateral support diverge at an angle of ninety degrees, 
and are comparatively straight and slender. As in other 
species of this group, they have their inner edges oblique and 
not parallel to the plane of the fossil, while the minute, atten- 
uated base of attachment is deflected toward the same side as 
the inner edge of the lateral marginal supports. 

Horizon and localitees.— Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Louisiana. 


Lyropora subquadrans HAL. 


Lyropora subquadrans Hall, 1857: Proc. Am. As. Ad. Sei, vol. X, p. 180. 
Lyropora subquadrans Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Mlinois, vol. VIII, p. 582, 
pl. lviii, figs. 2-2e. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester ( Illinois). 


Lyropora quincuncialis Hatt. 


Lyropora quincuncialis Hall, 1857: Proc. Am As. Ad. Sci., vol X, p. 180. 
Lyropora quincuncialis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 583, 
pl. Iviii, figs. 3-3d. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester ( Illinois). 


28 POLYZOANS. 


Lyropora divergens ULRICH. 
Lyropora divergens Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Llinois, vol. VIII, p. 584, pl. 
lviii, figs. 4-4b. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester ( Illinois). , 


Polypora halliana Prout. 


Polypora halliana Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. aps 
580. 

Polypora halliana Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 421, pl. 
xxi, figs. 4-4b. 

Polypora halliana Ulricn, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 587, pl. 
lix, figs. 5-5c. 
florizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 

limestone: Olark county. 


Polypora maccoyana ULRIcH. 
Polypora maccoyana Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sar Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 588, 
pl. iix, figs. 3-3d. 
florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Polypora simulatrix U.ric#. 
Polypora simulatrix Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 589, 
pl. lix, figs. 4-4b. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (lowa). 


Polypora gracilis Provur. . 


Polypora gracilis Prout, 1860: Frans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 580. 

Polypora gracilis Prout, 1866: .Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. If, p. 422, pl. xxi, 
figs. ]-la. 

Polypora gracilis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 590, pl. 
Ixi, figs. 10-10a. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois ). 


POLYZOANS. 29 


Polypora retrosa ULRICH. 


Polypora retrorsa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 591, pl. 
lix, figs. 6-Sd. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Polypora radialis ULRIcuH. 


Polypora radialis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 591, pl. 
Ix, figs. 1-ld. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous. Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Polypora spininodata ULricH. 
Polypora spininodata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 594, 
Dinix, 1g. 3. 
Horizon and localities.—ULower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois ). 


Polypora biseriata? ULricu. 
Polypora biseriata 2? Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 592, 
pl. lx, figs. 4-4b. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county ). 


Polypora varsoviensis ULRicu. 
Polypora varsoviensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. VIII, p. 593, 
pl. Ix, figs. 2-2b. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county ). 


Polypora cestriensis ULricu. 


Polypora cestriensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 549, 
pl. lv, figs. 4-4b. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve. 


30 POLYZOANS, 


Polypora tuberculata PRovt. 


Polypora tuberculata Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 
449, pl, xviii, fig. 8. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). 


Polypora corticosa ULRICH. 


Polypora corticosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 596, pl. 
Ix, figs. 5-5c. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester ( Illinois). 


Polypora spinulifera ULric#. 


Polypora spinulifera Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 598, 
pl. Ixi, figs. 2-2a. : ; 
florizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Kaskas- 
kia linestone: Chester ( Illinois). | 


_Polypora submarginata MEeK. 


Polypora marginata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 69, 
tab. v, figs. Lla-b. (Not McCoy, 1844.) 

Polypora submarginata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 154, pl. 
‘vii, figs. 7a-b. 

Polypora submarginata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 
602, pl. Ixi, figs. 6-6b. 
florizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper 

Coal Measures: Kansas City. Probably Red Oak (lowa) and 

Nebraska City (Nebraska). 


Fenestralia? sancti-ludovici Provur. 


Fenestralia sancti-ludovict Prout, 1859: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 235, pl. xv, figs. 1-la. 

Fenestralia sancti-ludovict Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 
604, pl. lv, fig. 5. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 

limestone: St. Louis. 


POLYZOANS. ok 


Thamniscus furcillatus Utrica. 
Plate xxxiii, fig. 6. | 
Thamniscus furcillatus Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 609, 
pl. Ixii, figs. 9-9b. 
florizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve. ; 


Pinnatopora youngi ULricx. 
Pinnatopora youngi Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 615, pl. 
Ixvi, fig. 3. 
Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Pinnatopora vinei ULricu. 


Pinnatopora vinei Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 616, pl. 
Ixvi, figs. 5-5b. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Pinnatopora conferta ULRic#H, 


Pinnatopora conferta Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p 618, 
pl. lvi, fig. 5. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (lowa). 


Pinnatopora trilineata (MEEK). 


Glauconome trilineata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 157, pl. 
vii, figs. 4b-d. 

Pinnatopora trilineata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VLII, p. 620, 
pl. lxvi, fig. 6. 
Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 

Measures: Kansas City. 


Ptilopora acuta ULRIcH, 
Ptilopora acuta Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 622, pl. 
Ixv, figs. 4—4a. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (lowa). 


32 POLYZOANS. 


Ptilopora valida ULricH 


Ptilopora valida Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 623, pl. 
Ixv, figs. 5-5e. 


Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa). 


Ptilopora cylindracea ULricH. 
Ptilopora cylindracea Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. VIII, p. 623, 
pl. Ixvi, figs. 2-2b. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa). 


Ptilopora prouti Ha... 


Ptilopora prouti Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 653, pl. xxii, figs. 
6a-6e. 

Ptilopora prouti Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 625, pl. 
Ixv, figs. 3-3c. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Barrett station (Saint Louis county). 


(Septopora cestriensis Prout. 


Septopora cestriensis Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 
448, pl. xviii, figs. 2-2b. 

Septopora cestriensis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 628, 
pl. Ixiv, figs. 1-lb. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester (Illinois ). 


Septopora biserialis (Swa.tow ). 
Plate xxxiv, figs. la-d. 


Synocladia biserialis Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
Dp, 179. 

Synocladia virgulacea Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 70. 

Synocladia biserialis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 156, pl. 
vii, figs. 5a-5e. 

Synocladia biserialis Meek, 1874: Am. Jour. Sci. (3), vol. VII, p. 486. 

Synocladia biserialis Meek, 1875: Geol. Sur. Ohio. Pal., vol. II, p. 326, 
pl. xx, figs. 5-5-b. 

Synocladia biserialis White, 1877: U.S. Geog Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. IV, 
p. 107, pl. vii, figs. 3a-3c. 


POLYZOANS. a! 


Synocladia bisericlis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., pt. 
If, p. 188, pl. xxv, figs. 11-13. ' 
Synocladia biserialis Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 225. 
Septopora biserialis Ulrich, 1890: Geo). Sur. Illinois, vol. VILI, p. 631, pl. 
iyi, tip. 31. 


Zoarium large, obconical, more or less irregular, usually 
folded; branches subequal, nearly parallel, united at regular 
intervals by lateral projections. Fenestrules usually more or 
less distinctly crescentic in shape. Zocecial openings small, 
rather numerous. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal 
Measures: Des Moines (lowa); Upper Coal Measures: Kan- 
sas City. 

Diplopora bifurcata ULric#. 


Diplopora bifurcata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 637, 
pl. Ixii, figs. 12-J2a. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Chester (Illinois). 


Sphrogropora parasitica ULRIcH. 


Sphrogropora parasitica Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, pl. 
Ixv, figs. 6-6a. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 


limestone: Chester ( Llinois). 


Rhombopora dichotoma Utric#. 


Rhombopora dichotoma Ulrich, 1890; Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 650, 
pl. Ixx, figs. 18-13b. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal?; Burlington (lowa). 


Rhombopora varians ULRICH. 


Rhombopora varians Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. [ilinois, vol. VIII, p. 652, 
pl. Ixxi, figs. 1-1b. 


Tlorizon and localities-—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). 


34 POLYZOANS. 


Rhombopora transversalis ULRicuH. 


Rhombopora transversalis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Ilinois, vol. VIII, p. 
655, pl. Ixxi, figs. 4-4b. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). 


Rhombopora attenuata ULricH. 


Rhombopora attenuata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 655, 
Dieetex. aon 


florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois ). 


Rhom bopora tabulata ULRICH. 


Rhombopora tabulata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Dlinois, vol. VIII, p. 658, 
pl. lxx, figs. 2-2c. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve. 


Rhombopora tenuirama ULRICH. 


Rhombopora tenuirama Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 660, 
pl. Ixx, figs. 8-8b. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Kaskaskia (Illinois). 


Rhombopora crassa ULRICH. 


Rhombopora crassa Ulrich, 1884: Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 
VII, p. 28, pl. i, figs. 2-2b. 


Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


POLYZOANS. 35 


Rhombopora lepidodendroides MEExk. 
Plate xxxili, figs. 4a-b. 
Rhombopora lepidodendroides Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 

141, pl. vii, figs. 2a-f. 

Rhombopora lepidodendroides White, 1875: Exp]. and Sur. w. 100 Merid., 
vol. [V, p. 99, pl. vi, figs. 5a—d. 
Rhombopora lepidodendroides Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 

p. 225. 

Ramose slender, cylindrical or slightly compressed, and 
bifurcated at regular, distant intervals; divisions nearly 
straight between the points of bifurcation, where they diverge 
at angles of about 70° to 80°; composed of small, short, nearly 
round, tapering tubes that ascend from an imaginary axis ob- 
liquely outward, with a more or less curve to the surface, near 
which they are separated by interspaces, which in cross-sec- 
tions show the minute celluar structure; calyces arranged very 
regularly in quincunx, so as to form vertical and oblique rows; 
distinctly rhombic at the surface, where their margins are 
roughened by small prominent, node-like grains, placed one at 
each corner, with smaller granules along the edges between. 
Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Bactropora simplex Utricu. 


Bactropora simplex Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VILI, p. 663, pl. 
Ixx, figs. 14-14b. 


Horizon and localities — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Clark county. 


Streblotrypa major ULRIcH. 


Streblotry pa major Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 666, pl. 
lxxi, figs. 8-Sd. 


Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Streblotrypa radialis ULric#. 


Streblotrypa radialis Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 667, 
pl. Ixxii, figs. 2-2d. 


Horizon and localities——-Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa). 


36 POLYZOANS. 


Streblotrypa nicklesi ULric#. 


. Streblotrypa nicklesi Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 667, 
pl. Ixxi, figs. 9-9c. TE 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve. 


Streblotrypa distincta Uxricn. 
Streblotrypa distincta Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VILL, p. 669, 
pl. Ixxi, figs. 10-10b. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskas- 
kia limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). 


Worthenopora spinosa ULricuH. 


Worthenopora spinosa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VIII, p. 669. 
pl. Ixviii, figs. 1-lg. 


Horizon and localities. —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Worthenopora spatulata ( PRoor). 


Flustra spatulata Prout, 1859: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 446, 
pl. xvii, figs. 2-2ce. 

Worthenopora spatulata Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p 670, 
pl. xviii, figs. 2-2a. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 

limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county). 


Cyclopora fungia Prout. 


Cyclopora fungia Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. [, p. 577. 

Cyclopora fungia Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. If, p. 419, pl. xxii, 
figs. 9-9b. 

Cyclopora fungia Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIIl, p. 671, 
pl. Ixviii, figs. 3-3g. 


Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: St. Francisville ( Clark county ). 


POLYZOANS. oF 


Cyclopora expatiata ULricn. 


Cyclopora expatiata Ulrich, 1890: Geo). Sur. [linois, vol. VIII, p. 673, pl. 
Ixviii, figs. 4-4d. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw (Illinois). 


Proutella discoidea (PRourv). 
Cyclopora discoidea Prout, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 578. 
Cyclopora discoidea Prout, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. I[, p. 420, pl. 
xxii, figs. 10-10a. 
Proutella discoideu Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 674, pl. 
lxix, figs. 44d. 
Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Cycloporella spinifera Unric#. 


Cycloporella spinifera Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 675, 
pl. lxix, figs. 1-le. 





Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 


limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois). 


Cycloporella perversa ULRICH. 


Cycloporella perversa Ulrich, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 676, 
pl. lxix, figs. 3-3b. 





Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Bentonsport (Iowa). 


CHAPTER XI. 
BRACHIOPODS. 


Lingula umbonata Cox. 
Plate xxxv, fig. 4. 


Lingula umbonata Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. [li, p.576, pl. x, 
fig. 4. 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 215. 

Lingula mytiloides Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 
572, pl. xxv, fig. 12. (Not Sowerby, 1813). 

Lingula umbonata White, 1884: Geol. Sur. indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., pt. 
413.2120, DL eevee ee, 

Lingula umbonata Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 226. 


Shell thin, elliptical, sightly convex, wider in front than 
back of the middle, margins regularly rounding, rather sharply 
on the posterior border ; umbo rather prominent; beak small. 

Fflorizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- 
ures: Clinton (Henry county), Kansas City. 


Lingulella lamborni MEEK. 
Plate xxxv, figs 5a-d. 


Lingulella lamborni Meek, 1871: Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 185, figs.. 
1-4. 


Shell small, compressed, broadly subovate, about one-fifth 
longer than wide. Ventral valve pointed at the beak, from 
which the nearly straight lateral slopes diverge at an angle of 
about 35°, to near the middle of each lateral margin, then reg- 
ularly rounding forward; false cardinal area well developed 
and extending back, with the beak nearly one-fourth the length 
of the valve, behind that of the other valve, and having its 
mesial furrow for the peduncle well-defined, on each side of 
which is a diverging longitudinal line extending from the apex 
of the beak, so as to form the margins of the false area, which 


BRACHIOPODS. 39 


is transversely striated; the interior marked by numerous 
little irregularly scattered pits, which are largest posteriorly 
and diminish in size forward; while near the anterior margin 
very obscure traces of minute radiating striae are sometimes 
seen; internal scars presenting a trilobate appearance, there 
being a short, mesial, rounded lobe nearly reaching to the 
middle of the valve; and nearly half way between this and 
each posterior lateral margin there is a long, slender, diverg- 
ing lateral lobe or impression. Dorsal valve shorter than the 
other and subcircular in outline, its beak being apparently a 
little truncated; interior showing the same pitted appearance 
seen in the other valve; visceral and muscular impressions 
unknown. Surface of both valves marked by five concentric 
lines. 

Horizon ana localities —Cambrian shales: Mine LaMotte 
(Madison county). 


Discina nitida ( Parties). 
Pilate xxxv, fig. 6. 


Orbicula nitida Phillips, 183&: Geol. Yorkshire, vol. II, p. 221, pl. xi, figs. 
10-13. 

Diseina missouriensis Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 221. 

Discina capuliformis McCheaney, 1859: Desc. New Sp. Foss. Western 
States, p. 72. 

Discina nitida Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Llinois, vol. V, p. 572, 
Biexey, tg. 1. 

Discina nitida White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, p. 
La Dlaxxyv ig. 9. 

Discina nitida Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 226. 


Shell small, circular in outline, low, conical, sides sloping 
nearly straight from the apex to the margins; apex situated 
toward the posterior border; opposite valve flat. Surface 
marked by concentric lines. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- 
ures: Clinton (Henry county), Lexington, Richmond (Ray 
county ). 


40 BRACHIOPODS. 


Discina newberryi Hatt. 


Discina newberryi Hall, 1864: Sixteenth Rep. Reg. State Cab. Nat. Hist. 
New York, p. 30. ; 

Discina newberryi Hall, 1869: Pal. New York, vol. LV, p. 25, pl. i, figs. 
10-11. 

Discina newberryi Meek, 1875; Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal, vol. II, p. 277, pl. 
xiv, figs. la-d. 

Discina sampsoni Milier, 1892: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., p. 80, © 
pl. xiii, figs. 10-12. 
Similar to D. nitida, but higher, and with the apex submar- 

ginal. 
Horizon and localities Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook 


beds: Sedalia, Springfield, Louisiana. 


Discina convexa SHUMARD. 
Plate xxxv, fig. 7. 
Discina conversa Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 221. 
Discina convera White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, 
p. 12), pL xxv, ie. 9, | 


Like D. nitida but very much larger; often reaching a 
diametric measurement of nearly an inch. 

Horizon and localities—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: near Richmond ( Ray county). 


Crania levis Sp. nov. 


Shell rather above medium size, somewhat depressed ; apex 
subcentral; margins regularly rounded except on one side, 
which is truncated. Muscular scars prominent. Surface 
marked by concentric lines of growth. 

florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
( Kinderhook ) limestone: Louisiana; and’ Burlington lime- 
stone: Louisiana. — 


Productus arcuatus HAL. 
Productus arcuatus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 513, pl. vii, figs. 
4a-b. 
Productus cooperensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 640. 
Shell small, with the ventral valve very long and arched, 
the hinge line short; surface marked by broad rounded radiat- 


ing ridges, which are crossed by fine concentric lines. 


BRACHIOPODS. — | AL 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- 
hook beds: Hannibal ( Marion county). 


Productus leevicostus WHITE. 


Plate xxxviii, fig. 1. 


Productus levicostus White, 1860: Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. VII, p. 
230. 

Productus coreformis Swallow, 1863: Trang. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IT, 
p. 94. 


Closely approaching P. cora, but narrower and more 
slender. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook 
beds: Louisiana; Burlington limestone: Louisiana. 


Productus burlingtonensis Hatt. 
Productus flemingi, var. burlingtonensis Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, 

p. 598, pl. xii, figs. 3a-g. 

Productus mesialis Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 636, pl. xix, figs. 
2a-c. 

Shell rather above medium size, longer than wide, strongly 
arched ; hinge-line shorter than greatest width of shell. Radi- 
ating coste rather coarse. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal, Helton (Marion county), Louisiana, 
Springfield, Ash Grove (Greene county ); Keokuk limestone: 
St. Francisville ( Clark county ), Boonville (Cooper county ). 


Productus magnus MEEK & WorTHEN. 


Productus magnus Meek & Worthen, 1861: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 142. 
Productus pentonensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, 

p. 93. 
Productus magnus Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. LII, p. 

528, pl. xx, figs. 7a-c. 

Shell attaining a large size, subhemispherical, or in out- 
line semioval; hinge line equaling, or slightly exceeding, the 
greatest breadth of the valves at any other part; ears nearly 
rectangular, not arched. Ventral valve moderately gibbous, 


or forming a more or less nearly regular, semicircular curve 


G—4 


49 BRACHIOPODS. 


from the beak to the front, rounding down rather strongly on 
each side to the ears, which are not abruptly separated from the 
swell of the umbo; central region witha shallow, narrow mesial 
sinus, extending from the front about two-thirds of the way to 
the beak; umbonal region not very prominent; beak small, 
incurved, and passing but slightly beyond the hinge-margin ; 
interior unknown. Dorsal valve distinetly concave but nearly 
flat over a large portion of the central region, and strongly 
curving up at the front and lateral margins, usually with a 
slight mesial ridge corresponding to the sinus of the other 
valve. Interior with a rugose ridge extending around near 
_ the front and lateral margins, so as to present a somewhat 
geniculated appearance, not seen on the outside; cardinal pro- 
cess stout, apparently rather short, and bifid, its base forming 
a short stout ridge, which ‘soon becomes obsolete near the 
muscular scars, from between which a narrow ridge extends 
forward two-thirds to three-fourths the length of the valve, 
becoming sharply elevated and thin at the end; scars of 
adductor muscles elongated, parallel and rugose; reniform 
scars rather broad, and somewhat roughened by a few irregu- 
lar wart-like prominences; space between the reniform scars 
and the mesial ridge flat, and without any traces of the sub- 
conical prominences seen in P. giganteus; posterior lateral 
regions irregularly pitted or punctured. 

Surface of both valves ornamented by numerous, rather 
coarse, often waved or flexuous, striz, or small obscure costa, 
that increase by intercalation and division, all sometimes be- 
coming nearly obsolete on or near the ears; fine concentric 
strie are also seen on all parts of the surface, and over the 
visceral region very obscure traces of small concentric wrinkles 
likewise occur. On the ventral valve, bases of small spines 
are seen irregularly scattered, being most numerous, largest 
and closely arranged on the ears and along the hinge-margin. 
No spines occur on the dorsal valve, but little pits seem to 
occupy their places. ( Meek.) 

Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve, St. Francisville (Clark county ). 


BRACHIOPODS. 43 


-Productus biseriatus ay he 


Productus biseriatus Hall, 1856: Trans. Alabany Inst., vo]. IV, p. 12. 
Productus biseriatus Whitefield, 1882: Bul. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 3, 
p. 46, pl. vi, figs. 8-12. 
Productus biseriatus Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 12th Ann. Rep., p. 
325, pl. xxix, figs. 8-12. 
This shell belongs to the P. punctatus group, but is very 
small as compared with the typical species. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: St. Francisville (Clark county); Keokuk (Iowa). 


Productus vittatus Hatt. . 


Productus vittatus Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. 1, p. 639. 
Productus gradatus Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL. 
p 93. 


Like P. punctatus of the Coal Measures, and perhaps iden- 
tical with it. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Trenton (St. Louis county); Keokuk (lowa). 


Productus altonensis Norwoop & PrRaTTEN. 
Productus altonensis Norwood & Pratten, 18541: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., vol. I{I, p. 7, pl. i, figs. la—s. 
Like P. arcuatus, but less arched, and with fewer radial 
costes. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: St. Louis. 


Productus marginicinctus Prout. 

Productus marginicinctus Prout, 1855: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol [, 
p. 43, pl. ii, fig. 1. | 

Productus wortheni Hail, 1858: Geology L[owa, vol. I., p. 635, p). xix, figs. 
la-b. 

Productus marginicinctus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol I, p. 664, pl. xxiv, 
figs. sa-c. 
Shell small, costate, with a marginal thickening. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 


limestone: St. Louis; Keokuk (lowa). 


44 BRACHIOPODS. 


Productus ovatus Hatt. 


Productus ovatus Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 674, pl. xxiv, 
fig. 1. 


A small oval form, with fine radiating costa. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: St. Louis. 


Productus tenuicostus Hatn. 


Productus tenuicostus Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 675, pl. xxiv, 
figs. 2a-d. 


Closely related to and perhaps identical with P. levicostus. 
Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: St. Louis. 


Productus cestriensis WoRTHEN. 


Productus elegans Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Seis 
Phila., vol. III, p. 18, pl. i, figs. 7a-c (Not McCoy, 1844.) 
Productus cestriensis Worthen, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 570. 
Productus parvus Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 450. . 
Productus parvus Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Tilinois, Vol.) Lives 
297, pl. xxiii, figs. 4a-e. 
Shell small, arcuate, with hinge-line shorter than greatest 
width. Radiating cost coarse. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 


limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). 


Productus americanus SWALLow. 


Productus americanus Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
tps el; 


According to Meek & Worthen this formis closely related 
to their P. magnus. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Harrison county. | 


BRACHIOPODS. 45 


Productus longispinus SOWERBY. 
Plate xxxvii, fig. 4a-b. 

Productus longispinus Sowerby, 1814: Min. Conch., vol. [, p. 154, pl. Ixviii, 
fig. 1. 

Productus splendens Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila , (2), vol. II, p. 2, pl. i, figs. 5a-d. 

Productus wabdshensis Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,. 
Phila., (2), vol. LLL,.p. 13, pl. i, fig. 6. 

Productus muricatus Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., (2), vol. III, p. 14, pl. i, figs. 8a-e. (Not Phillips.) 

Productus muricatus Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. Ili, p. 578, pl. 
ix. dig. 6. 

Productus costatoides Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 217. : 

Productus orbignyanus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 56, 
tab. iv, figs. 8,9, 10,11. (Not deKoninck, 1844 ) 

Productus horridus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 56, 
tab. iv, fig. 7. (Not Sowerby, 1822.) 

Productus longispinus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 161, pl. 
vi, fig. 7, pl. vili, figs. 6a-c. 

Productus muricatus White, 1875: U. 8. Geol. Sur. W. 100 Merid., vol. 
iV. p. 120, pl. viii, fig. 4a-c. | 
Productus longispinus Meek, 1877: Geol. Exp. 40 Par., vol. IV, p. 78, pl. 

viii, figs. 44a. 
Productus muricatus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 228. 

Shell small, thin, somewhat wider than long; hinge-line 
longer than greatest width of shell. Ventral valve arched, 
with greatest convexity behind middle; mesial sinus well de- 
fined, broadly rounding; beak small, incurved, projecting be- 
yond the hinge-line. Ventral valve concave, following closely 
the curve of the opposite one. Surface marked by obscure 
radiating cost, which often become obsolete over nearly the 
entire shell; these are often crossed by distinct concentric 
folds, which are more pronounced toward the beak; spines 
few, scattered. 

Horizon and localities. 
Measures: Kansas City. 

There seems to be but little doubt now that Norwood & 
Pratten’s species P. splendens and P. wabashensis are identical 
with the form under consideration. Inregard to certain other 
allied shells reported by Geinitz from Nebraska, and their re- 


lations to P. longispinus, Meek says: “Concerning the iden- 


Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 





46 BRACHIOPODS. 


tity of this shell with P. orbignyi, 1am compelled to differ from 
Professor Geinitz. I am also satisfied, as elsewhere stated, 
that the little shell figured by Professor Geinitz under the 
name P. horridus on his plate iv (Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska) 
is nothing but a young individual of the species under consid- 
eration. This shell varies much in the distinctness of its cos- 
te, which are usuaily rather obscure. It is but necessary to 
examine a few good specimens to see by their smooth, non- 
costate umbonal region that they often attain a size even 
greater than that he has referred to P. horridus, without show- 
ing the slightest traces of radiating coste. Indeed, some in- 
dividuals of mature size show but faint indications of ribs 
even near the front margin, while the various individuals 
present every intermediate gradation in this character between 
these and the most distinctly ribbed specimens. In addition 
to this, the extreme improbability of there being in these rocks 
a large, conspicuous species like P. horridus, when no traces 
of such a shell have ever been seen among all the vast collec- 
tions that have been obtained from them throughout the great 
area in which they occur in the West, would alone be a suffi- 
cient reason for rejecting the conclusion that such a mere mite 
as this is the young of that species. But the necessity for 
such an improbable conclusion is entirely removed by the fact 
that this specimen was found associated with a very common 
and abundant species, the young of which evidently agrees 
exactly with it.” 

Regarding the form described by Norwood & Pratten 
as Productus muricatus, there is considerable doubt as to its 
identity with the P. longispinus of the Mississippi valley, 
although both Meek and Davidson so considered it. Through- 
out some parts of the continental interior at least, P. muricatus 
N. & P. presents characteristics that are remarkably constant; 
and when associated with P. longispinus, no hesitancy what- 
ever would be entertained in separating the two forms. Were 
it not for the fact that the name P. muricatus had been used in 
1836 by Phillips in his Geology of Yorkshire, Norwood & Prat- 
ten’s species would be treated here as distinct from the shell 


BRACHIOPODS. 47 


usually referred to Sowerby’s form. But inasmuch as the 
synonymy of the speciesis still unsettled it does not appear ad- 
visable to propose a new term for the American P. muricatus. 


Productus cora D’ORBIGNY. 
Plate xxxvli, figs. 2a-c. 


Productus cora d’Orbigny, 1843: Voyage dans l? Amerique Meridionale. 

Productus cora Owen, 1852: Geol. Sur. lowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, 
Lao, fel. 

Productus semireticulatus Hall, 1852: Stanbury’s Exp. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 
411, pl. iii, figs. 4,5. (Not Martin, 1809.) 

Productus prattenanus Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat Sci., 
Phila. (2), vol. LIL, p. 17, pl. i, figs. 10a-d. 

Productus hildrethianus Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila. (2,), vol. III, p. 18, pl. i, figs. lla-c. 

Productus cequicostatus Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rept., 
p. 201, pl. KE, fig. 10. 

Productus cora Marcou, 1858: Geol. N. A., pl. vi, figs. 44a. 

Productus flemingi Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 52, tab. 
revues. 1,2, a, 4. 

Productus calhounianus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 5l. 
(Not Swallow, 1858.) 

Productus koninckianus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyasin Nebraska, p. 53, 
tab. iv, fig. 4. (Not de Verneuil, 1845.) 

Productus prattenianus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 163, 
pl. ii, figs. 5a-c; pl. v, figs. 1-3, pl. viii, figs. 10a-b. 

Productus prattenianus White, 1875: U.S. Geol. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. 
[V, p. 1138, pl. vii, figs. 10a-c. 

_Productus cora White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Ann. Rep. 1883, p. 126, 
pi xxv, figs. I, 2,3: 

Productus cora Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat Sci., Phila., p. 227. 


Shell of medium size, regularly rounded anteriorly, as long 
as wide, length of hinge-line equal to greatest breadth. Ven- 
tral valve regularly arched, with no medial sinus; umbonal 
region more or less gibbous; beak incurved; ears rather large, 
somewhat compressed, with a few well-marked wrinkles. Dor- 
sal valve decidedly concave, slightly flattened posteriorly. Sur- 
face marked by numerous fine, radiating coste, and on the 
ventral side by a few scattered spines. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- 
ures: Calhoun (Henry county), Kansas City. 

Productus cora was originally described from South Amer- 
ica; while in North America the same,form has been given, at 


48 BRACHIOPODS. 


various times, a variety of names, White, who has carefully 
examined specimens from the type locality, has no hesitation 
in referring the shell commonly called ”. prattenianus to 
@’Orbigny’s species. Until quite recently no American writ- 
ers, With the exceptions of Owen and Marcou, noted the iden- 
tity of the two shells. It would appear, therefore, that P. 
prattentanus Norwood & Pratten is actually a synonym of /. 
cora; a8 is probably also P. Aildrethianus of the same authors. 
The other titles given in the synonymy have already been 
discussed at length by Meek. 


Productus symmetricus McCHEsnery. 
Plate xxxvi, figs. 2a-b. 


Productus symmetricus McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 35. 

Productus symmetricus McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. 
I, p. 25, pl. i, figs. 9a-b. 

Productus symmetricus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 167, pl. 
Vv, figs. 6a-b; pl. viii, fig. 13. 


Similar to P. nebrascensis, but somewhat flatter; no mésial 
sinus; concentric folds much smaller, spines fewer, in single 
instead of double rows. 

Horizon and localities Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Productus nebrascensis Owen. 
Plate xxxvii, figs. 3a-c. 


Productus nebrascensis Owen, 1852: Geol. Sur. lowa, Wisconsin and Min- 
nesota, p. 584, pl. v, fig. 3. 

Productus rogersi Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
(2), vol. III, p. 9, pl. i, figs. 3a-c. 

Productus rogersi Hall, 1856: Pacific R. R. Rept., vol. III, p. 104, pl: ii, 
figs. 14, 15. 

Productus norwoodi Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Lonis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 182. 

Productus asper McChesney, 1860: Dese. New Pal. Foss., p. 34. 

Productus wilberanus McChesney, 1860: Dese. New Pal. Foss., p. 36. 

Strophalosia horrescens Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyasin Nebraska, p. 81. 
(Not Murchison.) 

Productus nebrascensis McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. 
Lp. 24. ep lenis n. ta, 

Productus wilberanus McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 28, pl. i, fig. 8. ° 


BRACHIOPODS. 49 


Productus nebrascensis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 165, pl. 
ii, fig. 2,; pl. iv, fig. 6; pl. v, figs. lla-c. 

Productus nebrascensis White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. 
1V, pt. ii, p. 116, pl. viii, figs. 3a-d. 


Shell rather below medium size, slightly wider than long; 
cardinal margin about equal to greatest breadth. Ventral 
valve moderately arched, most abruptly curved toward the 
beak, which is incurved and extended beyond the hinge-line; 
mesial sinus shallow. Dorsal valve flattened centrally, con- 
cave toward the margins. Surface marked by broad, concen- 
tric wrinkles, and obscure, interrupted radiating cost, set 
with numerous short, stout spines, with fewer long ones inter- 
spersed. 

Horizon and localitves.— Upper Carboniferous, U pper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. | 

This is one of the most abundant and characteristic spe- 
cies of this genus occurring in the Coal Measures of the Mis- 
sissippi basin. Although the original figures of Owen are 
defective and misleading in many particulars, there is now no 
doubt as to the identity of this species from the various local- 
ities in the state. 

Norwood & Pratten’s P. rogerst described from Huntsville, 
Missouri, is apparently an internal cast of the shell under con- 
sideration, in which the radiating ribs and concentric folds are 
very prominentiy marked. ‘The forms described by McChes- 
ney as P. asperand P. wilberanus are manifestly merely local 
varieties of typical P. nebrascensis, as a careful comparison and 
examination of a large series of specimens hasrecently shown. 

As to Geinitz’s determinations of this form in the Carbon- 
formation und Dyas in Nebraska, Meek says substantially as 
follows: Geinitz was certainly in error in referring this shell 
to Strophalosia horrescens, since it is positively not a Stropha- 
losia at all, but a true Productus, as may be seen from any well- 
preserved specimens. It never has any traces of the cardinal 
area of the genus Strophalosia, as has been well shown jn the 
careful examination of hundreds of good specimens, its cardi- 
nal margin being linear. By a comparison with Strophalosia 
horrescens, as illustrated in Geinitz’s work on the German Per- 


50 BRACHIOVOPLODS. 


mian fossils (Dyas), the external difference between this genus 
and Strophalosia will be at once seen, the latter genus having 
a cardinal area. The presence of an area alone, however, is 
not always a sufficient distinction, since there is, in some very 
rare instances, an abnormally developed areain true Productus. 
The total absence of cardinal teeth and sockets, however, in 
the latter genus, clearly separates these types. That P. nebras- 
censis is entirely destitute of any traces of hinge teeth is well 
known to all who have examined the interior of this shell. 


Productus semireticulatus (Martin ). ° 
Plate xxxvi, figs. 4a-c. 


Productus semireticulatus Martin, 1809: Petref. Derb., p. 7, pl. xxxii, figs. 
1,2; pl. xxxiii, fig. 4. 
Productus semireticulatus DeKoninck, 1844: Monog. Gen. Productus, pl. 8, 


Regs; 

Productus calhounianus Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
Pa ory od ae 

Productus magnicostatus Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
Lope bls 


Productus semireticulatus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 160, 
pl. v, figs. 7a-b. 
Productus semireticulatus White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid , vol. 

IV, pt. ii, p. 111, pl. viii, figs. la-c. 

Shell rather large, wider than long; hinge-line equal to 
greatest breadth of valves. Ventral valve very convex, 
strongly incurved, with a broad, rounded, mesial sinus; beak 
prominent, closely incurved; ears well defined. Dorsal valve 
flattened more or less, curved toward the anterior margin. 
Surface of both valves marked by strong, rounded, radiating 
ribs, some of which bifurcate; in the visceral region these are 
crossed by many concentric folds. Spines stout, few and 
scattered. 

Fflorizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Creighton (Cass county), Calhoun (Henry county). 


BRACHIOPODS. 51 


Productus punctatus ( Martin). 
Plate xxxvii, figs. la-c. 


Anomites punctatus Martin, 1809: Petref. Derb., pl. xxxvii, fig. 6. 
Productus punctatus Sowerby, 1822: Min. Conch., p. 22, pl. ccexxiii. 
Productus semipunctatus Shephard, 18388: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. XXXIV, 


p. 153, fig. 9. 
Productus tubulospinus McChesney, 1869: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 37. 
Productus punctatus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 169. pl. 

eee. Oy Dl iv, fig. 5. 

Productus punctatus White, 1875: U.S. Geol. Sur. W. 100 Merid., vol. 

IV, pt. ii, p. 114, pl. vii, figs. 2a-c. 

Sheil large, thin, somewhat ovate; hinge-line considerably 
shorter than the greatest width of the valves. Ventral valve 
more or less strongly arched, with a broad shallow mesial 
sinus; beak incurved; ears not well defined. Dorsal valve 
slightly concave with a low median ridge. Surface marked by 
numerous well-defined concentric ridges, upon which are ar- 
ranged many small spines. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City. 


Productus costatus SOWERBY. 
Plate xxxvi, figs. la-c. 


Producta costata Sowerby, 1827: Min. Conch, vol. VI, p. 115, pl. elx. 
Productus portlockianus Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat, 
melo, + nila., (2), vol. Lil, p. 16, pl. 1, figs. 9a-c. 
Productus costatus Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 216. 
Productus costatus Hall, 1858: Geol. Sur. Iowa, vol. [, p. 712, pl. xxviii, 
figs. 3, 4. 
Productus costatus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 159, pl. vi, 
figs. 6a-b. 
Productus costatus White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. 100 Merid, vol. IV., pt. 
ii, p. 109; pl. viii, figs. 2a-d 
Shell much like P. semireticulatus, but rather smaller, less 
robust, mesial sinus more pronounced, and radiating coste less 
regular. 
Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City. 
Asremarked by Meek this shell has been so generally desig- 
nated under Sowerby’s title, that notwithstanding the perhaps 


52 BRACHIOPODS. 


questionable identity with the typical P. costatus, it seems inad- 
visable to make any nominal changes until careful and complete 
comparisons have been instituted. The form appears to be 
closely related to Martin’s P. semireticulatus; and eventually 
may proye to be merely the young of that species. P. port- 
lockianus, described by Norwood & Pratten from Carbonaire, is 
regarded merely as an unimportant local variation of the 
species. Like all the Carboniferous Producti, this shell has a 
wide geographical range and quite an extensive distribution in 
time. 
| Productella subalata (Hat). 


Productus subalatus Hall, 1857: 10th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist., 
p. 174. 
Productus subalatus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 500, pl. iii, figs. 
10a-c. 
Very closely related to and perhaps identical with P. 
pyxidata. 
florizon and localities.— Devonian, Callaway limestone: 
Callaway county. 


Productella pyxidata (Hatt). 
Plate xxxviii, figs. 4a-d. 
Productus pyxidatus Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. [, p. 498, pl. iii, 
figs. 8a-e. 
Productus shumardianus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 499, pl. vii, 
ne. 

Shell rather large (for the genus), wider than long; car- 
dinal extremities rounded; hinge line usually shorter than 
greatest width of shell; surface differing from a Productus in 
being smooth, with concentric often imbricating lines of growth 
and long spines, fewin number. Often low, indistinct radiating 
ridges are discernible. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook 
beds: Louisiana, Hannibal, Clarksville ( Pike county). 


BRACHIOPODS. 7 53 


Chonetes geniculatus WHITE. 
Plate xxxviii, fig. 3. 


Chonetes geniculatus White, 1852: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. IX, 
p. 29. 


A small form with fine radiating lines. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana 
(Kinderhook?) limestone: Louisiana, Clarksville. 


Chonetes ornata SHUMARD. 
Plate xxxviili, fig. 2. 


Chonetes ornata Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 202, 
pl. C, figs. la-c. 


Resembling somewhat (. f#emingi, but having much 
coarser radiating coste. 

Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kinderkook 
beds: Hannibal, Louisiana, Vandever Falls ( Cooper county ). 


Chonetes logani Norwoop & PraTTEN. 
Chonetes logani Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila. 


A small, semielliptic form with rather coarse, radiating 
lines. 

Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana. 


Chonetes illinoisensis WorTHEN. 


Chonetes logani Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 598, pl. xii, figs. la-b. 

Chonetes illinoisensis Worthen, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. [, 
p..6/1. 

Chonetes illinoisensis Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. ILI, 
p. 505, pl. xv, figs. 8a-b. 


Somewhat resembling C.logani, but larger, and with about 
four times as many radiating lines. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Lower Bur- 
lington limestone: Louisiana, Ash Grove (Greene county). 


Chonetes mesoloba Norwoop & PRATTEN. 


Chonetes mesoloba Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
(2), vol. III, p. 27, pl. ii, figs. 7a-c. 

Chonetes mesoloba White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 merid., vol. LV, 
pt. ii, p. 123, pl. ix, figs. 7a. 

Chonetes mesoloba Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 228. 


54 BRACHIOPODS. 


Shell like Ch. granulifera but very much smaller, and hay- 
ing in the ventral valve a prominent mesial fold with a narrow 
and ‘deep furrow on each side. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Chonetes millepunctatus MrEek & WorTHEN. 


Chonetes millenunctatus Meek & Worthen, 1870: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 


Phila., p. 35 
Chonetes millepunctatus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, 


pl. xxv, figs. 3a—b. 

Shell large, thin, about two and one half times as wide as 
high. Dorsal valve almost flat, or slightly concave; hinge-line 
slightly shorter than the greatest width of the shell; extremi- 
ties rounded; cardinal process stout; cardinal edge somewhat 
thickened within, forming an obscure ridge which reaches half 
way to the extremities. Surface marked by numerous closely 
arranged concentric cost, which are very regular. 

florizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 


Chonetes flemingi Norwoop & PRatTEn. 
Plate xxxvili, figs. 6a-b. 


Chonetes flemingi Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., (2), vol. LII, p. 26, pl. ii, figs. 5a-e. 

Chonetes verneuiliana Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., (2), vol. IIL, p. 26, pl. ii, figs. 6a-c. 

Chonetes parva Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 201. 

Chonetes verneuiliana Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 
216. 

Chonetes verneuiliana Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 170, 
pl. i, figs. 10a—b. 

Chonetes flemingi Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 247. - 


Shell similar to Ch. granulifera, but more convex, much 
smaller, with mesial sinus of the ventral valve very marked. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. | 


BRACHIOPODS. ~ 55 


Chonetes levis KEyss. 
Plate xxxvii, figs. 5a-b. 


Chonetes glabra Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 60, tab.iv, 
figs. 15-18. (Not Hall, 1857.) 

Chonetes glabra Meek, 1872: U. 8S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 171, pl. iv, 
fig. 10; and pl. viii, figs. 8a-b. 

Chonetes levis Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 229, pl. xii, 
figs. 3a-b. 

Chonetes geinitzianus Miller, 1890: N. A. Geol. and Pal., p. 339. 

Chonetes levis Keyes, 1891: Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 246. 


Shell small, thin, transversely semi-elliptic ; hinge-line as 
long as the greatest width of the shell, or often extended be- 
yond the lateral margins. Ventral valve convex, witha broad, 
very shallow median depression, which is often wanting en- 
tirely; beak not prominent, appressed; cardinal area rather 
narrow but well defined centrally, becoming linear toward the 
extremities ; foramen moderately wide; cardinal margin bear- 
ing from four to seven oblique spines on each side of the beak. 
Dorsal valve flat, or slightly concave; cardinal process small 
and slightly trilobate. Surface of shell apparently smooth, but 
under a magnifier it is seen to be marked by numerous very 
minute concentric lines and more prominent, often somewhat 
imbricated, lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 

In the original diagnosis of this species the statement was 
made that the form was probably the same as that described by 
Geinitz as Chonetes glabra from the Upper Coal Measures of 
Nebraska. But inasmuch as Geinitz’s name had been preoccu- 
pied by Hall in 1857 for a species from the Upper Helderberg, 
Chonétes levis becomes the next available name. Miller, how- 
ever, has proposed still more recently the term Chonetes get- 
nitzianus for the same shell, which of course becomes a syno- 
nym. 

Lately this form has been found in great abundance in 
central Iowa scattered through a bed of bituminous shale near 
Des Moines. It is associated withits near congener Ch. mesoloba 
Norwood & Pratten. The differences between the two species, 


56 BRACHIOPODS. 


as pointed out in the remarks accompanying the description of 
Ch. levis, hold good throughout the entire series collected. As 
some of the specimens of the smooth species often show faint 
radiating strive, it has been suggested that these shells are 
merely water-worn individuals of other forms. This, however, 
does not appear to be the case, as a large number of both 
species have been found intimately associated; and in Ch. 
mesoloba the radiating strive are very sharply defined and well 
preserved. Besides, the conditions under which the mollusks 
of these species flourished show conclusively that all influences 
of wave action were absent during the deposition of the 
deposits. 


Chonetes granulifera Own. 
Chonetes granulifera Owen, 1852: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, lowa and Min- 
nesota, p. 583, tab. v, figs. 12a-c. 
Chonetes granulifera Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Phila., vol. III, p. 24. 

Chonetes smithii Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
vol. III, p. 24, pl. ii, figs. 2a-c. 
Chonetes mucronata Meek & Hayden, 1858: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 

p. 262. (Not Conrad, 1843.) 

Chonetes mucronata Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pal. Upper Missouri, p. 22, pl. 

i, figs. 5a-e. 

Chonetes mucronata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 58, 

tab. iv, figs. 12, 13, 14. 

Chonetes granulifera Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 170, pl. 
ly, 119.9, pl. Vi; fle w10< pl vilied ouar 

Chonetes granulifera White, 1875: Expl. and Sur. w. 100 Merid , vol. IV, 
pt. ii, p. 122, pl. ix, figs. 8a.-c. 

Shell rather large, semicircular; hinge-line longer than 
greatest breadth of shell anteriorly. Ventral valve regularly 
convex, with the mesial sinus broad yet shallow; beak small, 
extending but slightly over the hinge area; cardinal margig 
provided with from seven to ten spines on each side of 
the beak. Area narrow, with a wide foramen which is par- 
tially covered by a pseudo-deltidium. Hinge teeth well de- 
fined, narrow, finely lined. Dorsal valve concave, rather 
closely appressed against the opposite valve. Surface of shell 
marked by numerous fine, radiating ribs, with a few concentric 


lines of growth which are usually more or less imbricated. 


BRACHIOPODS. _ 57 


Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 

This widely distributed form is quite abundant every- 
where along the Missouri river in Missouri, Kansas, Ne- 
braska and Iowa, and forms one of the most characteristic 
species of the Upper Coal Measures. Ohonetes mucronata, 
described by Meek & Hayden, is manifestly the same species 
with the hinge-line somewhat more extended than in Owen’s 
specimens. Chonetes smithi of Norwood and Pratten appears, 
in all essential respects, identical with the species under con- 
sideration. | 


Orthis occidentalis Hat. 


Orthis occidentalis Hall, 1817: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 127, pl. xxxii A, 
figs. 2a—m. 

Orthis occidentalis Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 96, pl. ix, 
figs. 3a—h. 

Orthis occidentalis White, 1881: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 10th Ann. Rep., p. 
485, pl. ii, figs. 10-12. 
Shell of moderate size, somewhat wider than long, trans- 

versely subquadrate. Surface ornamented by coarse coste. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- 

stone: Cape Girardeau. 


Orthis fissicosta Hatt. 


Orthis fissicosta Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 121, pl. xxxii, figs. 
7a—b. 


Orthis fissicosta Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 106, pl. viii, 

figs. 6a—h. 

Like O. retrorsa but much smaller, and with fewer and pro- 
portionally much larger radiating coste. . 

Horizon and localities. — Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- 
stone: McCune station (Pike county ), Cape Girardeau. 


G—9d 


58 BRACHIOPODS. 


Orthis emacerata Hatt. 
Orthis emacerata Hall, 1860: 13th Reg. Rep. St. Cab. New York, p. 121. 
Orthis emacerata Hall, 1862: 15th Reg. Rep. St. Cab. New York, pl. ii, 
. 1-2. 
nn tenes Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 109, pl. 

viii, figs. la-d and 2a-g. 

Shell small, plano-convex, rather depressed, transversely 
truncato-suboval, the length being about five-sixths its breadth; 
hinge-line perhaps always a little shorter than the greatest 
breadth of the valves; lateral margins generally rounding to 
the hinge, most prominent at or a little behind the middle, and 
rounding to the front, which is usually somewhat straightened, 
or very faintly sinuous, at the middle; or presents a regular 
semicircular outline. Dorsal valve nearly flat, or slightly con- 
vex on each side of a shallow mesial sinus, that commences 
very narrow at the beak, and usually widens rather rapidly to 
the front; beak very small, scarcely projecting beyond the 
edge of the area, and not incurved; area low at the middle, 
and narrowing off to nothing at the lateral extremities of the 
hinge, slightly arched, and directed obliquely backward; fore- 
arm very small and filled by the cardinal process. Interior 
very shallow, and provided with a slender mesial ridge that 
_ extends about half way forward from the hinge, between the 
muscular impressions, which are not usually well defined; 
scars of posterior pair of adductor muscles smaller, and 
usually deeper, than the interior, and situated close back under 
the brachial processes; those of the anterior pair three or 
four times the size of the posterior, sub-oval in form, and 
extending to near the middle of the valve; cardinal process 
very small and trifid; brachial processes comparatively rather 
stout and prominent; internal surface having the radiating 
striz of the exterior rather distinctly impressed through as it 
were, in consequence of the thinness of the shell, and finely 
granular, the granules being apparently connected with the 
punctate structure of the shell. 

Ventral valve compressed, convex, the greatest convexity 
being near or a little behind the middle, along a more or less 


BRACHIOPODS. 59 


prominent undefined ridge that sometimes, but not always, 
imparts a sub-carinate appearance to the central and umbonal 
regions; beak small, projecting somewhat beyond that of the 
other valve; abruptly pointed and rather distinctly arcbed, but © 
not strongly incurved; area about twice as high as that of the 
other valve, and with its sharply defined edges sloping to the 
lateral extremities of the hinge, directed and arched obliquely 
backward with the beak; foramen having nearly the form of 
an equilateral triangle, but rather narrowed upward to the 
apex of the beak, and partly occupied by the cardinal process 
of the other valve. Interior showing the teeth to be moder- 
ately prominent; concavity for the muscular impressions very 
shallow, small, somewhat bifid anteriorly, and not defined by a 
very distinct marginal ridge; scars of divaricator muscles 
apparently narrow, and situated on each side of a shallow 
mesial depression, which seems to include far back at its pos- 
terior end those of the very small adductors, merely separated 
from each other by a hairline; impressions of ventral adjustor 
muscles apparently wider and shorter than those of the divari- 
cators; strie and the fine granules of the interior as in the 
other valve. 

Surface of both valves ornamented by numerous distinct 
radiating striw, that usually bifurcate about three times 
between the beak and free margins; posterior lateral strie so 
strongly curved that a part of them run out on the hinge-line. 
Numerous very minute, regularly disposed concentric lines 
may also be seen by the aid of a magnifier, most distinctly 
defined in the furrows between the much larger radiating 
strie; while a few distant, subimbricating, stronger marks of 
growth are usually seen in adult shells. ( Meek.) 

Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: 
Cape Girardeau. 


60 BRACHIOPODS. 


Orthis tricenaria Conrap. 
Plate xxxix, fig. 4. 
Orthis tricenaria Conrad, 1843: Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 333. 
Orthis tricenaria Hall, 1847: Pal. N. Y., vol. I, p. 121. 


Shell rather below medium ‘size, flattened, sides straight, 
hinge-line as long as greatest width. Surface marked by strong, 
rather large radiating cost, which curve slightly outward as 
they leave the beak. 

Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: 
McCune station ( Pike county ). 


Orthis missouriensis SHumarp. 
Orthis missouriensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 
205, pl. C, figs. 9a-b. 
Like O. tricenaria, but much wider in proportion to the 
length; hinge-line also longer than greatest width. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Silurian, Girardeau lime- 


stone: Cape Girardeau. 


Orthis subquadrata Hat. 


Orthis subguadrata Hall, 1847: . Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 126, pl. xxxiiA, 
figs. Ja-o. 

Orthis subquadrata Hall, 1862: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, Ann. Rept., p. 54. 

Orthis subquadrata Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 94, pl. ix, 
figs. 2b-g.- 

Shell attaining about a medium size, rather distinctly 
resupinate, somewhat wider than long, subquadrate in general 
outline; moderately convex; cardinal margin shorter than the 
breadth of the valves, and rounding abruptly at the extremi- 
ties into the lateral margins, which round and converge for- 
ward; front a little sinuous or straightened at the middle. 

Dorsal valve more convex than the other, its most promi- 
nent part being near the middle; mesial sinus small and rather 
shallow, sometimes continued back nearly to the umbo, or in 
other instances scarcely more than reaching the middle; beak 
very short, or little distinct from the edge of the area, and 
more or less arched; area narrow, directed obliquely backward 
and downward. Interior with scars of the adductor muscles 
moderately distinct, the posterior pair being situated close 


BRACHIOPODS. 61 


back under the brachial processes, one on each side of a well- 
defined rounded ridge, that becomes suddenly smaller between 
the anterior pair; cardinal process rhombic, subconical, mod- 
erately prominent, and having its posterior side marked by 
deeply impressed divaricating strive; sockets well defined; 
brachial process rather strong, and directed obliquely forward 
and laterally; internal surface, excepting the radiately striated 
front and lateral margins, nearly smooth. 

Ventral valve alittle convex at the umbo, and flat or slightly 
concave between the umbo and the front and lateral margins, 
but sometimes having a low, very obscure mesial elevation 
toward the front; beak small and very short, or scarcely 
equaling that of the other valve, arched at the apex, but not 
strongly incurved; area about twice as high as that of the 
other valve; well-defined, tapering rather rapidly toward the 
lateral extremities, arched with the beak and directed back- 
ward and downward at decidedly less than a right angle to 
that of the other valve; foramen broad-triangular, and partly 
occupied by the cardinal process of the other valve. Interior 
with muscular sears occupying a rather deep bilobate impres- 
sion, extending nearly or quite to the middle of the valve, and 
usually defined by a low ridge most distinct on each side ;scars 
of adductor: muscles small, separated by a mere trace of a 
raised line; those of the divaricator muscles of moderate size, 
longitudinally striated, and having their narrow posterior ends 
extending backward nearly to a small triangular, transversely 
striated space occupying the interior of the beak; those of the 
ventral adjustor muscles smaller and shorter than the divari- 
cators, and situated nearly under the hinge teeth, which are 
moderately prominent, sub-trigonal and oblique; vascular 
markings with their lateral divisions curving up backward and 
sending off several branches, while the other divisions extend 
forward and bifurcate so as to occupy the anterior region; 
anterior and lateral margins crenate within by very short 
strize. 

Surface of both valves ornamented by moderately stout, 
radiating strie, the posterior lateral of which curve so strongly 


62 BRACHIOPODS. 


outward that a few of them run out on the cardinal edge be- 
fore reaching the lateral margins; strive of the ventral valve 
nearly always increasing by bifurcation (some of them divid- 
ing two or three times ), while that on the dorsal valve gen- 
erally increases by the intercalation of shorter ones between 
the longer. A few distant sub-imbricating marks of growta 
are sometimes seen toward the front and lateral margins; 
while on perfectly preserved specimens the radiating striz 
may sometimes be seen to be roughened by minute elevated 
concentric lines, that are more or less interrupted in crossing 
some of the striz. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: 
Warren and Jefferson counties. 


Orthis subcarinata Hat. 


Orthis subearinata Hall, 1857: Reg. Rep.Univ. New York, p. 43. 

Orthis subcarinata Hall, 1859: Pal. New York, vol. ILI, p. 169, pl. xii, 
figs. 7-21. 

Orthis subcarinata Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. III, 
p. 373, pl. vii, figs. 6a-d. 
A rather small subovate form resembling O. eleguntula. 
Horizon and localities —U pper Silurian limestone: Oyrene 


(Pike county ), Bailey landing ( Perry county ). 


Orthis iowensis Hatt. 
: Plate xxxviii, figs. 6a-c. 
Orthis iowensis Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 488, pl. ii, figs. 4a-i. 
Orthis towensis White, 1881: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 10th Ann. Rept., p. 501, 

pl. v, figs. 10-12. 

Shell transversely ovoid; hinge-line short, about one-half 
the width of the valves. Ventral valve much deeper than the 
dorsal, with a broad median fold; beak prominent, area small. 
Dorsal valve flattened, with a broad shallow sinus. Surface 
marked by fine radiating lines. 

Horizon and localities. — Devonian, Hamilton limestone: 
“ Grand Tower” (Perry county ). 


BRACHIOPODS. 63 


Orthis swallowi Hatt. 
Plate xxxviii, fig. 5. 


Orthis swallowi Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 597, pl. xii, figs. 
5a-b. 

Orthis clarkensis Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 
81. 


Shell very large, wider than long; hinge-line long, but 
somewhat shorter than greatest width of the valves; cardinal 
extremities rounded. Dorsal valve quite convex, with occa- 
sionally obscure traces of a mesial sinus. Surface marked by 
numerous closely arranged radiating lines and concentric lines 
of growth. 

Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Burling- 
ton limestone: Hannibal. 


Orthis burlingtonensis HA tt. 
Plate xxxviii, fig. 7. 


Orthis michelina, var. burlingtonensis Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, 
p. 596, pl. xii, figs. 4a-b. 

Orthis thiemeti White, 1860: Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Bist., vol. VII, p. 231. 

Orthis missouriensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 639. ( Not Shumard 1855. ) : 

Orthis thiemet White, 1883: U.S. Geol. and Geog. Sur. Terr., 12th Ann. 
Rep., p. 164, pl. xli, figs. 4a-d. 


Shell rather small, appressed, subcircular, hinge-line rather 
short. Dorsal valve somewhat deeper than the ventral. Sur- 
face of both valves marked by fine radiating coste. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- 
hook beds: Louisiana, Hannibal; Burlington ( lowa); Burling- 
ton limestone: Sedalia, Ash Grove (Greene county ), Spring- 
field, Hannibal, Louisiana, Ste. Genevieve. 


Orthis keokuk Hatt. 
Orthis keokuk Hail, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 640, pl. xix, figs. 5a-b. 
Very large, with small radiating coste. 
Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Wayland (Clark county ). 


64 BRACHIOPODS. 


Orthis dubia Hatt. 


Orthis dubia Hall, 1856: Trans. Albany Inst., vol LV, p. 12. 

Orthis cooperensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I1,. 
p. 82. 

Orthis dubia Whitfield, 1882: Bul. American Mus. Nat. Hist., No.3, p. 
45, pl. vi, figs. 1-5. 

Orthis dubia Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 12th Ann. Rept., p. 324, pl. 
xix, figs. 1-5. 
Similar to O. burlingtonensis but very much smaller. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Oarboniferous, Saint Louis. 


limestone: Barrett (St. Louis county ). 


Orthis pecosii Marcov. 
Orthis pecosit Marcou, 1858: Geol. N. A., p. 48, pl. vi, figs. 14a-b. 
Orthis carbonaria Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 

218. 

Orthis carbonaria Meek, 1872: U.S8. Geol. Sur. Nebraka, p. 173, pl. i, 
figs. 8a-c. 
Orthis pecosi White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. LV, p. 

125, pl. ix, figs. 5a-c. 

Shell small, sub-circular in outline; hinge-line short. Ven- 
tral valve moderately convex, more or less distinctly flattened 
anteriorly; beak small, rather prominent, pointed, and arched 
over the small well-marked area; foramen narrow. Dorsal 
valve usually slightly more arched than the opposite valve, and 
generally showing traces of a very shallow median sinus ; area 
well defined, but smaller than in the other valve. Surface 
marked by numerous fine radiating ribs, which inerease by in- 
tercalation ; these are crossed by lines of growth. re i: 

Horizon and localittes—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- 
ures: Kansas City. 


Platystrophia lynx ( E1cHwatp). 
Plate xxxix, fig. 5. 
Terebratula lynx Kichwald, 1830: Nat. Kizze. von Podol, p. 202. 
Spirifer lynx Von Buch, 1887: Ueber Delth., p. 44, 
Spirifer biforatus, var. lynx Hall, 1852: Pal. New York, vol. II, p. 65, pl. 
xxii, figs. la-e. . 
Orthis lynx Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 114, pl. x, figs. 
la-e. 
Shell attaining a large size, nearly equivale, wider than 


long, with a transversely oval sub-quadrate outline, or, in old 


BRACHIOPODS. 65 


specimens, often becoming so gibbous as to assume a sub-glo- 
bose form; hinge-line usually a little less than the greatest 
breadth of the valves but sometimes equaling, or somewhat ex- 
ceeding, the same; cardinal extremities more or less obtusely 
angular, nearly rectangular, or sometimes rather sinuous behind 
and rounding to the front, which is a little sinuous, rounded or 
somewhat prominent at the middle; beaks and cardinal areas 
of the two valves nearly equal, the former incurved and ap- 
proximate, or, in adult shells, sometimes contiguous. Dorsal 
valve generally a little more convex than the other, in some 
examples rather decidedly so (its greatest convexity being near 
the middle), provided with a moderately prominent, rather 
rounded mesial fold, that commences at or near the beak, and 
continues forward, gradually widening and rounding over with 
the curve of the valve to the front, where it is moderately ele- 
vated, with more or less sloping sides; lateral slopes convex ; 
beak projecting beyond the hinge margin, strongly incurved, 
particularly in old individuals, which sometimes have the gib- 
bous umbo projecting even a little beyond that of the other 
valve; cardinal area well developed, distinctly defined, nearly 
as wide as that of the other valve, directed backward, and more 
or less strongly incurved; foramen broad-triangular, and not 
closed by the cardinal process. Interior showing the cardinal 
process to be very small, or merely having the character of a 
lew linear ridge in the rostral cavity ; posterior pair of muscu- 
lar impressions corrugated, and decidedly larger and more 
widely separated than the others. 

Ventral valve with a mesial sinus corresponding to the 
fold in the other valve, and terminating at the front in a rather 
short, somewhat rounded projection, that curves more or less 
upward into a sinuosity of the same size and form in the 
margin of the dorsal valve; beak usually a little less strongly 
incurved than that of the other, and very slightly more prom- 
inent at its apex; cardinal area about one-fourth to one-third 
higher at the middle than in the dorsal valve, and narrowing 
less rapidly toward the lateral extremities; incurved and di- 
rected backward, but a little less strongly so than the other; 


66 BRACHIOPLODS. 


foramen having nearly the form of an equilateral triangle, or 
sometimes slightly wider than high, or the reverse. Interior 
with hinge teeth moderately prominent and trigonal; cavity 
for the reception of the muscular attachments comparatively 
small, scarcely reaching the middle of the valve, longer than 
wide, or elongate-oval, with nearly straight and parallel sides, 
always well defined by the dental ridges, and on old specimens 
extremely profound, owing to the thickening of the interior of 
the cardinal region of the valve on each side. 

Surface of each valve ornamented by about sixteen to 
twenty-four strong, more or less angular radiating plications, 
of which three or four (rarely five) occupy the mesial sinus, 
and from four to six the mesial fold; plications generally sim- 
ple, but occasionally some of those in the sinus and on the 
fold, and still more rarely, a few of those on the lateral slopes, 
bifurcating once; lines of growth moderately distinct, particu- 
larly near the free margins of adult shells, where they present 
a distinetly zigzag appearance in crossing the plications and 
the furrows between them. Protected portions of the surface 
of well-preserved specimens also often show, under a strong 
magnifier, numerous regularly arranged minute granules, prob- 
ably coincident with the punctures of the shell substance. 
( Meek.) 

Horizon and localities.—ULower Silurian, Trenton lime- 
stone: Cape Girardeau. 


Platystrophia acutilirata (ConrapD). 


Delthyris acutilirata Conrad, 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila,, vol. 
VIL, p. 260, pl. xiv, fig. 15. 
Orthis acutilirata Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 119, pl. x, 
figs. d5a-g. 
Like P. lynx but with hinge-line extended, often making 
the shell twice as wide as long. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: 
Lou'siana. 


BRACHIOPODS. 67 


Streptorhynchus filitexta (Hatt). 


Leptena filiterta Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 111, pl. xxxiB, 
figs. 3a-f. 

Strophomena filitecta Hail, 1859: 12th Rep. Reg. State Cab. New York, 
pz 70. 

Strophomena filitecta Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 83, pl. 
vi, figs. 5a-d. 


Like 8. planumbonum but longer, and ornamented with 
much finer radiating lines. 

Fflorizon and localities—Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: 
Louisiana. 


Streptorhynchus subplanum (Conrap ). 
Strophomena subplana Conrad, 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 


WwLityp.. 268. 

Leptena subplana Hall, 1852: Pal. New York, vol. II, p. 259, pl. liii, 
figs. 8-10. 

Streptorhynchus subplana Hall, 1863: Trans. Albany Institute, vol. IV, 
p. 226. 


Streptorhynchus subplana Hall, 1882: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 11th Ann. Rept. 


Somewhat like S. planumbonum but flat, larger, and with 
much coarser radiating coste. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Silurian limestone: Cyrene 
( Pike county ). 


Streptorhynchus lens WuHits. 
Plate xxxix, figs. 2a-b. 
Streptorhynchus lens White, 1862: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1X, 
p. 28. 
A small circular form with narrow cardinal areas. 
Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana 
( Kinderhook?) limestone: Louisiana, Clarksville. 


‘Streptorhynchus crenistria ( PHILLIPs ). 
Plate xxxviili, figs. 8a-h. 


Spirifera crenistria Phillips, 1836: Geol. Yorkshire, vol. II, p. 216, pl. 
in ups 6. 

Producta incurvata Shepard, 1838: Am. Jour. Sci., p. 144, figs. 1, 2, 3. 

Orthisina crassa Meek & Hayden, 1858: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 260. 

Orthis robusta Hall, 1858: Geol. Lowa, vol. I, p. 713, pl. xxviii, figs. 5a-c. 

Orthis lasallensis McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Palze. Foss., p. 32. 


68 BRACHIOPODS. 


Orthis richmonda McChesney, 1860: Dese. New Pale. Foss., p. 32. 

Hemipronites crassus Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pale. Upper Missourt, p. 26, 
pl. i, figs. 7a-d. 

Orthis crenisiria Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 46, tab. 
iii, figs. 20, 21. | 

Hemipronites lasallensis McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. 
[ep.28, pleig ig. 0. 

Hemipronites crassus McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. 
1, p28 eploiy ag ep. 

Hemipronites crassus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 174, pl. 
v, figs. 10a-b; and pl. viii, fig. 1. 

Hemipronites crassus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, 
D570: pl exxy, Dey Looe 

Hemipronites crenistria White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. 
IV, p.124, ply eieops: 

Hemipronites crassus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Rep. 1883, p. 129, 
pl. xxvi, figs. 4-11. 

Streptorhynchus crenistria Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila , 
p. 229. 


Shell quite variable, semi-circular to nearly round in out- 
line, generally, however, considerably wider than long: hinge- 
line usually shorter than the greatest breadth of the valves. 
Dorsal valve moderately convex; beak not distinct. Ventral 
valve convex at first, but becoming flat and then sometimes 
concave around the anterior margin; hinge-area varying con- 
siderably in height; plane? or slightly concave, more or less 
distinctly marked by fine lines; foramen closed. Surface 
ornamented by numerous fine radiating ribs, of which every 
fourth or fifth is much more prominent than the rest; these ~ 
are crossed by fine lines of growth. 

florizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- 
ures: Kansas City, Clinton, Lexington. 


Meekella striatocostata (Cox) 
Plate xxxix, figs. la-c. 


Plicatula striatocostata Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. III, p. 568, 
Davie 2 ark | 

Orthisina shumardiana Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
Lap lees 

Orthisina missouriensis Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
I, p. 219. 

Streptorhynchus pyramidalis Newberry, 1861: Ives’ Exp. Exped. Colorado 

River, p. 126 


BRACHIOPODS. 69 


Streptorhynchus occidentalis Newberry, 1861: Ives’ Exp. Exped. Colorado 
River, p. 126. 
Orthisina occidentalis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, 

p. 83. 

Orthis striatocostata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 48, 

tab. iii, figs. 22-24. 

Meekella striatocostata White & St. John, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., 
vol. I, p. 120, figs. 4, 5, 6. 
Meekella striatocostata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 175, pl. 

V, figs. 12a-c. 

Meekella striatocostata White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. 

IV, p. 126, pl. ix, figs. 4a-c. 

Shell of medium size, subglobose, with from ten to fifteen 
large radiating plications, which become more or less angular 
toward the margin; hinge-line much shorter than the greatest 
breadth of the valves. Ventral valve somewhat larger than 
the other; cardinal area relatively narrow transversely, often 
higher than wide, and finely lined; foramen quite narrow, cov- 
ered by a rounded pseudo-deltidium having a distinct median 
ridge. The apical portion of the valve is more or less twisted 
and arched, though occasionally undistorted. Dorsal valve 
usually less convex than the ventral, often more or less flat- 
tened centrally and in front; beak incurved, projecting but 
slightly beyond the hinge-line. Surface of both valves orna- 
mented by minute radiating lines, which anteriorly converge 
on each side of the several plications. These are crossed by 
more or less well-defined lines of growth. 

FHlorizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City. 


Strophomena deltoidea Conran. 


Strophomena deltoidea Conrad, 1839: Ann. Rept. Geol. New York, p. 64. 
Strophomena deltoidea Hall, 1867: Pal. New York, vol. 1V, p. 106. 


Resembling an immature SN. alternata, but with the cardi- 
nal extremities produced somewhat and the front margin ex- 
tended. 

Hlorizon and localities.— Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- 
stone: McCune station (Pike county). 


70 BRAOHIOPODS. 


Plectambonites rhomboidalis (W1ILcKEns). 
Plate xxxix, fig. 6. 
Conchita rhomboidalis Wilckens, 1769: Nachreicht. von seltenen Verst., p. 
77, pl. viii, figs. 43-44. i 
Strophomena rhomboidalis Lindstrom, 1860: Goth. Brach., p. 371. 
Strophomena rhomboidalis Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, vol. I, Pal., p. 75, 
pl. v, figs. 6a-e. 3 


Like Strophomena but with flattened, visceral area covered 
' with prominent concentric wrinkles, and with abruptly up- 
turned frontal and lateral borders. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Silurian, Hudson shales : 
Cape Girardeau; Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau ( Kinderhook) 
limestone: Curryville (Pike county ); Burlington limestone: 
Louisiana. 


Strophodonta demissa (ConrapD). 
Plate xxxix, figs. 7a-b. 


Strophodonta demissa Conrad, 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 
VIII, p. 258, pl. xiv, fig. 14. 

Strophodonta demissa Hall, 1857: Reg. Rep. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 137. 

Strophodonta demissa Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 495, pl. iii, 
figs. 5a-k. 

Strophodonta navalis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Lonis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 365. 

Strophodonta callawayensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 
vol. I, p. 638. 

Strophodonta quadrata Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 639. 

Strophodonta equicostata Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
I, p. 639. 


Shell semi-elliptic, about as wide as long; hinge-line usu- 
ally slightly longer than the greatest width; cardinal area nar- 
row. Surface marked by strong, angular coste. 

florizon and localities.— Devonian, Callaway limestone: 
Dauphin ( Callaway county ). 


Strophomena alternata (Conrap). 
Plate xxxix, fig. 3 


Leptena alternata Conrad, 1838: Ann. Rep. Geol. New York, p. 115. 

Strophomena alternata Conrad, 1889: Ann. Rep. Geol. New York, p. 62. 

Leptena alternata Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 202, pl. xxxi, 
figs. 10-20. 

Strophomena alternata Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 88, 
pl. vii, figs. la-g. 


BRACHIOPODS. Le 


Shell attaining a large size, semi-oval, the breadth being 
nearly always greater than the length, but varying from about 
equal to the latter to the proportions of near nine to seven; 
hinge-line as long at the breadth of the valves at any point 
farther forward, or somewhat longer; lateral extremities rec- 
tangular, sometimes compressed and moderately deflected ; 
lateral margins straight, a little convex, or slightly sinuous 
posteriorly, and rounding forward to the front, which is semi- 
circular in outline, or sometimes so prominent and narrowly 
rounded in the middle as to impart a sub-trigonal form to the 
general outline of the valves. Dorsal valve flattened in the 
umbonal and cardinal regions, and gently or more or less 
strongly concave in the central and anterior portions, and 
curved upward around the anterior and lateral margins; beak 
small, but projecting slightly beyond the edge of the area, 
which is very narrow, or sub-linear, and directed nearly back- 
ward. Interior with cardinal process strong directed obliquely 
_ forward, with its two divisions distinctly diverging and flat- 
tened and longitudinally striated on their posterior faces; 
sockets for the reception of the teeth of the other valve 
rather well defined; socket ridges very small, and uniting 
behind the cardinal process to form a kind of false deltidium ; 
muscular scars comparatively small, but deeply impressed near 
the cardinal process on each side of a small, short, mesial 
ridge, and nearly surrounded by a low obtuse ridge formed by 
the thickening of the adjacent internal surface of the valve; 
anterior and lateral margins more or less thickened and genicu- 
lated within (especially in adult shells), the thickened zone 
being transversely furrowed and sometimes granular, while out- 
side of it the immediate edge of the valve is suddenly flattened, 
and minutely striated and granulated. 

Ventral valve a little convex at the umbo, but generally 
much compressed over the whole visceral region, in the adult 
(which included the whole surface of the young and half-grown 
shell), but becoming more convex (sometimes strongly so) ante- 
riorly or anterio-centrally and laterally, and thence more or 
less curved up to the anterior and lateral margins; area of: 


(2 BRACHIOPODS. 


moderate height, flat, and directed obliquely backward nearly 
at right angles to that of the other valve; beak very small, 
scarcely distinct from the margin of the area, and minutely 
perforated; foramen broadly triangular, and arched over above 
by the pseudo-deltidium, which is very deeply sinuous on its 
inner edge, the sinus being nearly or quite closed by the dental 
process and pseudo-deltidium of the other valve. 

Interior with cardinal margin somewhat carinate within ; 
hinge teeth moderately prominent, remote and widely diver- 
gent; dental ridges obscure and extending obliquely outward 
and forward, but not produced or curving to surround a saucer- 
shaped cavity for the muscular scars; scars of adductor mus- 
cles narrow, long and closely approximated or almost in con- 
tact; those of cardinal muscles on each side very large, fan- 
shaped but shallow, separated sometimes by a sinall ridge in 
advance of the adductor scars, and marked by radiating furrows 
and ridges; while the anterior and lateral regions are usually 
marked by strie and scattering granules. Surface of both valves 
ornamented by numerous radiating striae, that increase in num- 
ber, on the ventral valve, mainly by intercalation, and are usu- 
ally arranged with one to six or eight smaller and shorter ones 
between each two larger and more prominent ones, the largest 
one of which often occupies the mesial line; while on the 
dorsal valve they more frequently increase by division, and are 
generally of more uniform small size. On well-preserved speci- 
mens-all the radiating lines are crossed by numerous very 
minute, regular, closely arranged concentric strie, that are 
invisible without the aid of a magnifier; a few moderately dis- 
tinct, sub-imbricating marks are often seen near the free mar- 
gins of adult shells. ( Meek.) 

Horizon and localittes—Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: 
Cape Girardeau. 


BRACHIOPODS. to 


Strophomena planumbona (Ha zz). 
Plate xxxix, fig.3. 


Lepteena planumbona Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 112, pl. xxx B, 
figs. 4a-d. 

Strophomena planumbona Hall, 1859: 12th Reg. Rep. State Cab. New 
York, p. 70. 

Strophomena planumbona Hall, 1862: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, p. 54, fig. 7. 

Strophomena planumbona Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 79, — 
pl. vi, figs. 3a-h. 

Strophomena planumbona White, 1881: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 10th Ann. 
Rept., p. 480, pl. ii, figs. 13-14. 


Shell rather small, or scarcely attaining a medium size, . 
concavo-convex, semi-oval, or more than semicircular in outline; 
hinge-line generally a little longer than the breadth of the 
valves at any point farther forward; lateral extremities, in 
most examples, somewhat less than rectangular, or sometimes 
rather acute, more or less compressed and deflected ; lateral 
margins a little contracted posteriorly, and rounding to the 
front, which forms a regular semicircular curve. Dorsal valve 
flat in the umbonal region, and rather strongly and evenly con- 
vex in the central and interior regions, from which it rounds 
off abruptly to the front and lateral margins; beak very small, 
or not distinct from the edge of the narrow or sublinear area, 
which is inclined nearly directly backward, but not incurved. 
Interior showing the cardinal process to be small, depressed, 
divided to its base into two diverging tooth-like parts, a little 
flattened on their posterior faces, and directed very obliquely 
forward and outward; socket ridges short and oblique; mesial 
ridge low, extending but a little distance forward; while the 
space between it and the socket ridge, on each side, is occupied 
by a moderately distinct muscular sear. 

Ventral valve broadly and rather deeply concave in. the 
central and anterior regions, and sharply convex at the beak, 
which is very small, abruptly pointed, scarcely projecting be- 
yond the edge of the area, and usually minutely perforated; area 
moderately high, extending the whole length of the hinge, gen- 
erally but iittle sloping laterally, flattened and inclined more or 
less backward; foramen closed by a prominent, rounded pseu- 


dodeltidium that is transversely striated, and rather broadly 
G—6 


74 BRACHIOPOUDS. 


sinuous on its inner edge, for the reception of the cardinal 
process of the other valve. Interior showing hinge teeth to 
be well developed, trigonal, and striated on their posterior 
sides; while from their inner bases the dental laminze extend 
forward so as nearly to encircle the usual saucer-shape depres- 
sion for the muscular scars, which is sometimes divided by a 
small, linear mesial ridge; cardinal margin prominent and sharp 
within on each side of the hinge teeth; anterior and lateral 
regions more or less thickened within, and roughened by the 
crossing of the vascular markings, which are scarcely visible 
on any part within this zone. 

Surface of both valves ornamented by numerous fine, 
closely crowded, radiating striw, that are often alternately a 
little larger and smaller, or on some parts, with several of the 
smaller ones between each two of the larger—the smaller be- 
ing always shorter than the larger, or ending at various dis- 
tances between the free margins and the beaks, without coalesc- 
ing with those between which they are intercalated. Striew and 
furrows minutely crenulated by extremely small, very regular, 
closely arranged concentric lines, invisible without the aid of 
a magnifier; afew subimbricating marks of growth are like- 
wise sometimes near the free margins. ( Meek.) 

Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: 
Louisiana, Cape Girardeau. 


Strophodonta? cymbiformis SwatLiow. 


Strophodonta cymbiformis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 
VOL sD. .Ouu. 

Strophodonta subcymbiformis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 
vol. I, p. 635. 

Strophodonta kemperi Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 636. 

Strophodonta infleca Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.. vol. I, 
p. 637. 

Strophodonta boonensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
I, p. 638. 


Shell rather large, like S. demissa but with a broad, median 
sinus and fold. 

Horizon and localities.—Devonian, Callaway limestone: 
Dauphin ( Callaway county). | 


BRACHIOPODS. _ 75 


Leptzena sericea SoweErRsy, 
Plate xxxix, fig. 9. 
Leptena sericea Sowerby, 1839: Sil. Syst., p xix, figs. 1-2. 
Strophomena sericea Conrad, 1840: Geol. New York, Ann. Rap.,p. 201. 
Leptena sericea Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 70, pl. 5, figs.. 
da-h. 

Shell small, transverse, semi-oval, approaching semi-circu- 
_ lar, concavo-convex; hinge-line equaling, or more frequently a 
little longer than the breadth of the valves at any point farther 
forward; lateral extremities varying from somewhat acutely an- 
gular to nearly or quite rectangular, and not properly reflected ; 
anterior and lateral margins forming together nearly a regular 
semi-circle curve. Dorsal valve concave, its deepest concav- 
ity being near the middle; beak not distinct from the cardinal 
margin ; area narrow or nearly linear, and ranging at right angles 
to the plane of the valves. Interior showing cardinal margin 
to be minutely crenulated toward the lateral extremities; car- 
_dinal process moderately prominent, and trifid, the middle di- 
vision being most prominent, with a deep pit at its inner base; 
brachial? process short, appressed, and widely divergent; mus- 
cular impressions generally obscurely defined, occupying an 
obcordate area, and separated from each other by two sub- 
parallel, narrow ridges that sometimes coalesce near the base 
of the cardinal process; each impression usually nearly equally 
divided by a slender linear, straight ridge; anterior and lateral 
regions more or less roughened by minute granular radiating 
striz. 

“Ventral valve moderately convex, being nearly evenly but 
gently arched along the middle from beak to the front, and 
thus following so nearly the curve of the other valve as to 
leave but a very thin visceral cavity within; beak very small, 
or scarcely if at all distinct from the cardinal margin; area 
twice or three times as high as that of the other valve, inclined 
backward, or more or less uearly parallel to the plane of the 
valves; foramen arched over near the beak by a small false 
deltidium, closed between this and the hinge margin by the 
prominent cardinal process of the valve. Interior showing 


76 BRACHIOPODS. 


hinge margin to be obscurely marked with minute pits for the 
reception of the crenulations of that of the other valve; teeth 
small; muscular impressions long, narrow, separated behind by 
a short linear mesial ridge, and diverging and extending for- 
ward beyond the middle of the valve, with a moderately dis- 
tinct dental ridge along the lateral margin of each; anterior 
and lateral regions granulo-striated. Surface of both valves 
marked by numerous minute, closely arranged radiating striz, 
about every fourth, fifth or sixth one of which is a little larger 
and more prominent than those between. ( Meek.) 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Silurian, Hudson shales: 
Louisiana. | 

Leptzena mesacosta SHUMARD. 


Leptena mesacosta Shumard, 1856: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 
205, pl. C, fig. 2. 


Shell small, about as wide as long, the hinge-line being 
much shorter than in JZ. sericea. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Silurian, Girardeau lime- 
stone: Cape Girardeau. 


Syntrilasma hemiplicata (Haz). 
Plate xxxix, figs. 8a-d. 
Spirifer hemiplicatus Hall, 1852: Stansbury’s Expd. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 

40%, pl. iv; fig. 3a-b. 

Syntrilasma hemiplicuta Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 

II, p. 323, figs. 37a—b. 

Rhynchonella angulata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 37, 

tab. iii, figs. 1-4. (Not R. angulata Linnzeus, 1767.) 

Syntrilasma hemiplicata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 177, 
pl. vi, figs. 12a-b. 

Shell subglobose, with several large, rounded plications 
anteriorly; hinge-line about one-third the greatest width of the 
valves. Ventral valve not.as convex as the dorsal; beak not 
prominent, somewhat incurved; cardinal area small, broad, tri- 
angular; foramen about as wide as high. Dorsal valve much 
more arched than the other; beak much incurved; area nar- 
row. Surface ornamented with small, radiating lines, which 
are crossed by lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City. 





BRACHIOPODS. 17 


Spirifera perlamellosa? Hamu. 


Spirifer lamellosus Hall, 1857: Reg. Kep. Univ. New York, p. 57. 

 Spirvfer lamellosus Hall, 1859: Pai. New York, vol. Lil, p. 291, pl. xxvi, 
figs. 1-2. 

Spirvfer lamellosus Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. [II, p. 
284, pl. vii, figs. 9a-b. 


A small shell with large, rounded, radiating folds, and 
unbricated lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Silurian limestone: Bai- 
ley landing (Perry county ). 

This form is reported by Meek & Worthen from Missouri, 
but it probably cannot be regarded as strictly identical with 
the New York species described by Hall. 


Spirifera parryana HALL. 
Plate xl, figs. 4a-b. 
Spirifer euruteines Owen, 1852: U.S. Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, Iowa and 
Minnesota, p. 586, tab. iii, figs. 2-2a and 6-Ga. (Not Owen, 1844.) 
Spirifer parryanus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 509, pl. iv, figs. 
8a-b. 
Spirifer capax Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. 1, p. 520, pl. vii, figs. 7a-d. 
Spirifer fornacula Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. III, p. 
433, pl. xiii, figs. 8a-e. ( Not Hall, 1857.) 
Spirifera parryana Calvin, 1888: Bul. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. lowa, 
vol. I, p. 19. 
A rather large, robust form with broad area. 
florizon and localities —Devonian, Hamilton? limestone: 


Perry county. 


Spirifera ligus OwEn. 

Spirifer liqgus Owen, 1852: U.S. Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, lowa and Minne- 
sota, p. 585, tab. iii, fig. 4. 

Spirvfer permatus Owen, 1852: U. 8S. Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, Iowa and 
Minnesota, p. 585, tab. iii, figs. 3-3a. 

Spirifer perectensus Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, 
p. 414, pl. x, figs. la-d. 

Spirifera atwaterana Miller, 1878: Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 221. 
A large, very variable form, with long hinge-line and usu- 

ally rather broad cardinal area. 7 
florizon and localities—Devonian, Hamilton? limestone: 


Perry county. 


78 BRACHIOPODS. 


Spirifera subrotundata Hatt. 


Spirifer subrotundatus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 521, pl. vii, 
figs. Sa-b. 


Rather below medium size, gibbous, subglobose; hinge- 
line shorter than greatest width of shell, cardinal extremities 
rounded. Surface marked like S. grimesi. 

Hovrizonand localities —Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
(Kinderhook ) limestone: Sedalia. 


| Spirifera taneyensis SwaLLow. 
Spirifer taneyensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. [, 

p. 645. 

A small, gibbous, submucronate shell with large plications, 
about ten in number. 

Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- 
hook beds: Taney county, according to Swallow. 


Spirifera cooperensis SwaLLow. 
Spirifer cooperensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol.[, p. 
Se Lge Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. Il, p. 
155, pl. xiv, figs. 5a-b. | 
A small, Athyris-like form, resembling the common NV. per- 
plexa from the Coal Measures, but having obscure radiating 
folds. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
(Kinderhook) limestone: Chouteau Springs (Cooper county ). 


Spirifera marionensis SHUMaRD. 


Spirifer marionensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 
203, pl. C, figs. 8a—b. 

Spirifer marionensis Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 511, p}. vi, figs. 
la-c. 

Spirifer osagensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 
641. : 

Spirifer missouriensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci, vol. I. 
p. 643. 

Spirifer vernonensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sei.. vol. I, p. 
644, 

Spirifer ozarkensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 644. 


BRACHIOPODS. 79 


Shell quite variable, usually somewhat wider than long, 
thick ; hinge-line varying in length from once to twice the 
length, and often mucronate. Cardinal area narrow. Surface 
marked by simple rounded ridges, 20 or 25 on each side of the 
median fold. . 

Horizonand localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook 
beds: Chouteau Springs (Cooper county), Hannibal, Louisi- 
ana, Clarksville (Pike county ), and elsewhere. 


Spirifera peculiaris SHUMARD. 


Spirifer peculiaris Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 202, 
pl. C, figs. 7a-b. 


A small subglobose form with broad plications. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook 
limestone: Chouteau Springs (Cooper county ). 


Spirifera grimesi Hatt. 
Spirtfer grimesi Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I. p. 604, pl. xiv, figs. 1-5. 

Shell very large, subglobose, usually longer than wide; 
hinge-line about three-fourths as long as the greatest width. 
Dorsal valve less convex than ventral, with a low, broad mesial 
fold, which becomes quite prominent at the anterior border. 
Ventral valve very convex, especially toward the umbo; mesial 
sinus broad, shallow ; area rather short, moderately high; for- 
amen wide; beak incurved. Surface marked by low, broad 
radiating ribs, which occupy the median fold and sinus as well 
as the other parts of the shell. The foldsagain marked by fine 
longitudinal lines. 

Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
( Kinderhook ) limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana, Sedalia; Bur- 
lington limestone: Palmyra (Marion county), Hannibal, Lou- 
isiana, Sedalia, Springfield, Ste. Genevieve. 

This species is one of the most characteristic forms of the 
Burlington limestone. As remarked by Hall, the shell is sel- 
dom found entire and undistorted, though one of the most 
abundant and widely distributed forms. The valves are easily 
separated, and being very thin, the specimens are commonly 
flattened out, thus making the hinge-line appear much longer 


80 BRACHIOPODS. 


than it really is. At first glance it then appears strikingly like 
S. logani Hall, but that form is a much heavier shell, has a 
hinge-line very much longer, a lower cardinal area, and coarse 
radiating cost. -While probably closely related to S. grimest 
genetically, 8. loganit seems to be sufficiently distinct to need a 
separate specific designation. So far as is known, it has not 
been found below the Keokuk limestone. WS. grimes; as it oc- 
curs in the Kinderhook is still lighter in weight, has a still 
shorter hinge-line and finer ornamentation than the typical ex- 
amples of the Burlington. The speciesis not so abundant in 
Upper Burlington as in the Lower division; and may extend 
into the Keokuk. 


Spirifera forbesi Norwoop & PratTEn. 
Plate xl, fig. 3. 


Spirifer forbesi Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Sci., Phila., vol. 
Lilo sde. 
Swirifer forbesi Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol I, p. 600,pl. xiii, fig 1. 


Shell with hinge-line greatly extended, flattened, mesial fold 
and sinus small; radiating ribs, flattened, rather large. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana, Sedalia, Springfield. 


Spirifera imbrex Hatt. 
Spirifer imbrex Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 601,pl. xiii, fig. 2. 
Shell similar to 8S. forbesi, but hinge-line much shorter, 
mesial fold much broader, and lines of growth imbricated. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana. 


Spirifera lineatoides Swa.Liow. 
Plate xl, fig. 6. 


Spirifer lineatoides Swallow, 1860: . Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. [, p. 
645, 


Shell large, robust, transversely elliptical. Ventral valve 
more convex toward the beak; hinge-line short, rather high; 
beak strongly incurved. Dorsal valve moderately convex, 
mesial fold broad, low, or scarcely defined. Surface marked 
by broad punctato-concentric bands. 


BRACHIOPODS. 81 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal. 

The specimen figured under this name, though slightly 
smaller than Swallow’s type,is believed to represent this 
species. 


Spirifera logani Hat. 


Spirvifer logani Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 647, pl. xxi, figs. 
la-b, and 2. 

Spirifer levigatus Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Aead. Sci., vol. Il, p. 
86. 


Shell very large, with close analogies to NS. grimesi, but 
having a much longer hinge-line, coarser plications and much 
thicker test. 

Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Wayland and St. Francisville (Clark county); 
Keokuk (Iowa). 

Spirifera levigata of Swallow is too poorly described to 
deserve recognition. Moreover, it seems. probable that Swal- 
low had in hand a water-worn valve of S. /ogani, not uncommon 
at Keokuk and elsewhere. 


Spirifera kelloggi SwaLLow. 
Spirifer kelloggi Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci , vol II, p. 86. 
A small plicated form closely resembling S. spinosus of 
Norwood & Pratten, but apparently having no spines. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Spirifera keokuk HALL. 
Plate xl, fig. 2. 


Spirifer keokuk Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 642, pl. xx, figs, 
3a-d. 

’ Spirifer littoni Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 646. 

Spirifer keokuk var. shelbyensis Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 
vol. IL, p. 410. 


Shell rather small, robust, transversely elliptical. Plica- 
tions coarse, rounded; mesial fold and sinus well defined. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Wayland (Clark county ); Keokuk (Iowa ). 
G—7 


82 BRACHIOPODS. 


Spirifera rostellata Hatt. 


Swirifer rostellatus Hall, 1858: Geology [fowa, vol. I, p. 641, pl. xx, 
figs. 2a-c. 


Of the S. grimesi type, but very much smaller. 2 
Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Bonaparte ( Iowa). 


Spirifera pseudolineata Hatt. 
Spirifer pseudolineatus Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 645, pl. xx, fig. 4. 


Like S. lineatoides but broader, smaller, with mesial. fold 
more pronounced, and ornamentation finer. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: St. Francisville (Clark county ). 


Spirifera leidyi Norwoop & PRatTEN. 


Spirifer leidyi Norwood & Pratten, 1855: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
(2), vol. TEI, p. 72. 

Spirifer leidyi, var. chesterensis Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. 
Sci., vol. II, p. 409. 


Spirifer leidyi, var. merimacensis Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. 
Sci., vol. If, p. 410. 


Shell similar to that of S. keokuk. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county); Saint Louis 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve. 


Spirifera increbescens Hat. 


Spirifer increbescens Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 706, pl. xxvii, 
‘figs. 6a-i. 
Spirifer increbescens, var. americanus Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis 
Acad. Sci., vol. If, p. 410. 
Very closely related to S. keokuk and may eventually prove 
identical with that species. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). 





BRACHIOPODS. 83 


Spirifera setigera Hatt. 
Spirifer setigerus Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 705, pl. xxvii, figs. 
Ape ee Swallow: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 85. 
Of the S. lineatus type, but larger than that species, and 
with a more clearly defined median fold and sinus. 
florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). 


Spirifera contracta Meek & WorTHEN. 
Spirifer glaber, var. contractus Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. II, p. 298, pl. xxiii, figs. 5a-b. 
A large Athyris-like shell, but with the other Spirifer char- 
acters. 
florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskas- 
kia limestone: Chester ( Illinois ). 


Spirifera camerata Morton. 
Plate xl, figs. 5a-c, 
Spirifer cameratus Morton, 1836: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xxix, p. 150, pl. ii, 
fig. 3. 
Spirifer triplicatus Hall, 1852: Stansbury’s Exped. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 419, 
pl. ii, fig. 5. 
Spirifer fasciger? Owen, 1852: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, lowa and Minne- 
sota, pl. v, fig. 4. . 
Spirifer meusebachanus Roemer, 1852: Kreid. von Texas, p. 88, tab. xi, 


fig’. 7. 

Spirifer cameratus Hall, 1856: Pacific R. R. Sur., vol. LIL, p. 102, pl. ii, 
ipa. 9, 12, 13. 

Spirifer cameratus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 709, pl. xxvii, 
figs. 2a—b. 


Spirifer cameratus, var. kansasensis Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. 
Sci., vol IL, p. 409. 

Spirifer cameratus, var. percrassus Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. 
Sei., vol. II,’ p. 409. 

Spirifer cameratus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 183, pl. 
Wee teats. pl. Vill, fig. 15, 

Spirifer cameratus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 
573. 

Spirifer cameratus White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., p. 132, 
pl. x, figs. la-d. 

Spirifer cameratus White, 1881: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Ann. Rep. 1880, p. 
149, pl. viii, fig. 3. 

Spirifer cameratus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Ann. Rep. for 1883, 
pt. ii, p. 133, pl. xxxv, figs. 3-5. Wt: 

Spirifera camerata Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 230. 


84 BRACHIOPODS. 


Shell of medium size, rather ventricose, semicircular to 
subtrigonal in outline; hinge-line equaling or longer than great- 
est breadth of the valves. Ventral valve the more arched; 
beak incurved, prominent; cardinal.area well defined, moder- 
ately high, somewhat curved ; foramen equilaterally triangular ; 
median sinus well marked. Dorsal valve with an inconspicu- 
ous beak; mesial fold sharply rounded. Surface marked by 
prominent radiating ribs, which usually group themselves into 
fascicles of three to five or more. Lines of growth seldom well 
defined. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- 
ures: Clinton (Henry county), Kansas City, Lexington. 


Spirifera rockymontana Marcov. 
Spirifer rockymontanus Marcou, 1858: Geol. Norih America, p. 50. 
Spirifer opimus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 711, pl. xxviii, figs. 
la-b. 
Spririfer subventricosus McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pale. Foss., p. 44. 
Spirifer boonensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Lonis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 
648. 
Spirifera rockymontana Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 231. 
Closely related to S. keokuk and probably the genetic suc- 


cessor of that species. 
Horizon and localities—_Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City. 


Spirifera perplexa McCuesnry. 


Spirifer lineatus (American authors, not Martin, 1809). 
Spirifer perplecus McChesney, 1860: Dese. New Pale. Foss., p. 43. 
Spirifer lineatus Swallow, 1866: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 


409. 
Spirifer lineatus, var. striato-lineatus Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis Acad. 


Sci., vol. IT, p. 408. 

Shell much like an Athyris in general appearances, but 
with distinct cardinai area. Surface nearly smooth, but hay- 
ing faint radiating lines, and crenulated lines of growth, from 
which spring minute spines, apparently. 

Horizon and localitves.— Upper Carboniferous Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 





BRACHIOPODS. 85 


Spirifera planoconvexus SHUMARD. 


Spirifer planoconvecus Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., 
p. 202. 

Ambocelie gemmula McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 41. 

Spirifer planoconverus Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pala. Upper Missouri, p. 20. 

Spirifer planoconvecus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 42, 
tab. iii, figs. 10-18. 

Martinia planoconveca McUhesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. 
Pepvot, plait; fig’ 1. 

Spirifer planoconvecus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 186, 
pl. iv, figs. 4a-b, and pl. viii, figs. 2a—b. 


Shell quite small, plano-convex, subcircular in outline; 
hinge-line somewhat shorter than greatest width of the valves ; 
surface glabrate, with indistinct lines of growth, but under a 
magnifier often showing minute spines, Ventral valve strongly 
arched, often with faint traces of a slight median depression ; 
beak prominent; area of moderate height; foramen narrow. 
Dorsal valve nearly plane; beak not well-defined; area narrow. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. | 


Spiriferina clarksvillensis WINCHELL. 


Spiriferina clarksvillensis Winchell, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
yale Ck : 


A small form closely resembling S. kentuckensis, but with 
longer hinge-line. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Oarboniferous, Louisiana 
(Kinderhook) limestone: Clarksville (Pike county ). 


Spiriferina spinosa (Norwoop & PrRatTTEn ). 


pirif er spinosa Norwood & Pratten, 1855: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
(2), vol. IIL, p. 71, pl. ix, figs. la-d. 
pirifer spinosa Hail, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol I, p. 706, pl. xxvii, figs. 5a-c. 
Spiriferina spinosa Miller, 1877: Cat. Am. Pal. Foss., p. 133. 
Larger than N. kentuckensis, more robust, with shorter hinge 
line, higher cardinal area, and largereplications. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 


limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). 


86 BRACHIOPODS. 


Spiriferina kentuckKensis (SHUMaRD). 


Spirifer octoplicatus Hall, 1852: Stansbury’s Expd. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 409, 
pl. xi, figs. 4a-b (not Sowerby). / 

Spirifer kentuckensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 
203. 

Spirifer kentuckensis Hall, 1856: Pac. R. R. Reports, vol. ILI, p. 103, pl. 
ii, figs. 10, 11. 

Spirifer laminosus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 45, tab. 
iii, figs. 19a-d. (Not McCoy.) 

Spirifer kentuckensis, var. propatulus Swallow, 1866: Trans. St. Louis 
Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 409. 

Spiriferina kentuckensis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 1835, 
pl. vi, figs. 3a-d, and pl. vii, figs. lla-b. 

Spiriferina kentuckensis White, 1875: Expl. and Sur. w. 100 Merid, vol. 
IV, p. 138, pl. x, figs. 4a.-c. 

Spiriferina kentuckensis Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 231. 
Shell small, quite variable, wider than long, with a narrow 

and deep mesial sinus and fold, on each side of which are 

from four to ten simple, sharply angular ribs. Ventral valve 

slightly more arched than the other; beak prominent, curved; 

area well defined; foramen slightly higher than wide. Dorsal 

valve with inconspicuous beak and narrow hinge area. Surface 

of valves marked by numerous crowded, strongly imbricated 

lines of growth. 
Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 

Measures: Kansas City, Lexington. 


Syringothyris occidentalis (Swatiow ). 
Cyrtia occidentalis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 648. 
Cyrtina occidentalis Miller, 1877: Cat, Am. Pal. Foss., p. 110. 


Similar to S. carteri, but mach smaller, and with the cardi- 
nal extremities more rounded. 

Horizon and /localities-Devonian, Callaway limestone: 
Callaway county. 


Syringothyris eae Pa ( Hat). 
Spirifer extenuatus Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 520, pl. vii, fig. 6. 
Syringothyris halli Winchell, 1863: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila., Dae 
Syringothyris extenuata Schuchert, 1890: Ninth Ann. Rep. State Geologist 
New York, p. 33. ; 
Closely related to S. carteri, but smaller, with cardinal ex- 


tremities more attenuated. 





BRACHIOPODS. 87 


Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- 
hook limestone: Clarksville (Pike county). 


Syringothyris carteri ( Hatt). 
Plate xl, fig. 10. 
Spirifer carteri Hall, 1857: ‘lenth Rep. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., 
. 170. 
ie eas hannibalensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Lonis Acad. Sci., 

vol. 1, p. 647. 

Syringothyris typa Wiuchell, 1863: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 7. 
Syringothyris typa Winchell, 1870: Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., vol. XLI, p. 

252. 
oie others cuspidatus Herrick, 1888: Bul. Dennison Univ., vol. IIf, p. 

ate Ol. iy eT. ; 

Syringcthyris carteri Schuchert, 1890: Ninth Ann. Rep. State Geologist 

New York, p. 30. 

Shell attaining a rather large size, very thin, nearly semi- 
circular, a8 seen in a direct view from above or below, and 
rhombic-subquadrangular in a front or posterior view, with 
length generally a little more than half the breadth, and the 
breadth usually about twice the height of the area; hinge-line 
about equaling the greatest breadth; front and lateral margins 
forming together a more or less nearly semi-circular curve, or 
with the central part of the former sometimes a little straight- 
ened, or even very faintly sinuous in outline, and the latter 
meeting the hinge at rather less than right angles behind. 
Dorsal valve moderately convex in the central region, thence 
sloping laterally and rounding more abruptly to the beak and 
anterior lateral margins than to the middle of the front; mesial 
fold depressed, smoothly rounded, equaling about two-thirds 
the breadth of the valves at the front, and sometimes showing 
on internal casts a faint linear mesial impression; beak small, 
and with the very narrow area incurved. 

Ventral valve much elevated at the beak, thence sloping 
laterally, with slightly convex outlines, at an angle of 100° to 
125°, and more abruptly to the front and anterior lateral mar- 
gins; mesial sinus smoothly rounded within, rather shallow or 
moderately deep anteriorly, where it terminates in a short, 
rounded projection fitting into a corresponding sinus in the 
margin of the other valve; beak elevated, obtusely angular and 


88 BRACHIOLODS. 


straight, or a little arched backward; area high, transversely 
and vertically striated, ranging more or less nearly at right 
angles to the plane of the valves, and flattened or somewhat 
arched backward, with its lateral margins moderately well-de- 
fined; foramen large, or about two:sevenths as wide at the 
hinge-line as the length of the latter, and three-fifths as wide 
as high, showing its deep-seated transverse septum and tube 
to be well developed above within. 

- Surface of both valves ornamented on each side of the 
non-costate mesial fold and sinus by about eighteen to twenty 
simple, depressed, rounded, radiating cost, some five or six 
of which on each side of the lateral extremities of both 
valves are usually nearly or quite obsolete. - Crossing all of 
these on well-preserved specimens, numerous fine concentric 
strie and some stronger marks of growth may be seen, and 
over the whole a minute pitting may be observed, so crowded 
and arranged as to present a delicate appearance, as seen by 
the aid of a magnifier. (Meek. ) 

Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- 
hook beds: Clarksville (Pike county); Louisiana, Hannibal; 
Burlington limestone: Springfield. 


Syringothyris plena (Hat). 
Plate xl, fig. 8. 


Spirifer plenus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol.I, p. 603, pl. xiii, figs. 4a-e. 
Syringothyris ? plena Schuchert, 1890: Ninth Ann. Rep. State Geologist 
New York, p. 37. 


A large heavy shell, distinguished from the associated 
forms by its large curved area. 


Horizon and localities—WUower COarboniferous, Burling- © 


ton limestone: Hannibal. 


Syringothyris texta (HALL). 


Spirifer textus Hail, 1857: 10th Rep. Reg. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 169. 

Spirifer subcuspidatus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 646, pl. xx, 
fig. 5. 

Spirifer propinguus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 647. 

Spirifer subcuspidatus Hall, 1867: Pal. New York, vol. 1V, p. 249. 

Spirifer propinquus Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. Ill, 
p:.b30,-pl. xix, fg7s. . 


BRACHIOPODS. 89 


Spirifer cuspidatiformis Miller, 1889: N.A. Geol. and Pal., p. 372. 
Syringothyris tecta Schuchert, 1890: 9th Ann. Rep. State Geologist New 
York, p. 34. 
Like S. cartert, but much heavier, larger and robust. 
Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


Cyrtina dalmani? (Hatt). 


Cyrtia dalmani Hall, 1857: 10th Rep. New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., 
p. 64. . 

Cyrtia dalmani Hall, 1859: Pa'. New York, vol. ILI, p. 206, pl. xxiv, 
figs. a-y. 

Cyrtina dalmani Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Lilinois, vol. III, p. 
383, pl. vii, figs. 3a-b. 
A small form closely related to C. acutirostris. 
Horizon and localities. — Devonian, Hamilton ? limestone: 


Bailey landing ( Perry county ). 


Cyrtina acutirostris ( SHUMARD ) 
Plate xxxix, figs. 10a-b. 
Cyrtia acutirostris Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 

204, pl. C, figs. 3a-c. 

Shell small; area very high, nearly an equilateral triangle ; 
greatest width at the cardinal margin. Beak of dorsal valve 
very slightly incurved in most specimens, sometimes straight ; 
deltoid aperture narrow, becoming abruptly dilated near the 
base ; lateral edges slightly elevated ; the elevation most prom- 
inent at the dilated portion; mesial sinus commencing at the 
tip of the beak, rather deeply impressed, and destitute of ribs. 
Ventral valve semi-elliptical, flattened, convex; mesial ridge 
elevated above the general convexity of the valve, and well 
defined by a wide concave space on either side. Some speci- 
mens exhibit a faint longitudinal sinus running the whole length 
of the mesial fold. Valves with four or five simple, rounded 
ribs on each side of the mesial fold and sinus, crossed by the 
undulating subimbricating lines of growth. (Shumard.) 

Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana 
(Kinderhook ) limestone: Louisiana, Hannibal. 


90 BRACHIOPODS. 


Cyrtina umbonata ( HALy). 


Cyrtia umbonata Hall, ,1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 512, pl. v, figs. 
2a-c. 

Cyrtia missouriensis Swallow, 1860: Trans..St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 647. 

Cyrtina umbonata Miller, 1877: Cat. Am. Pal. Foss., p. 1lvu. 
Similar to C. acutirostris, but more robust, with shorter 

hinge-line and lower area. ; 


florizon and localities.— Devonian, Callaway limestone: 
Callaway county (Swallow). 


Amboccelia minuta WHITE. 
Ambocelia minuta White, 1862: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1X, 
p. 26. 
Shell very small, subcircular in outline, and marked by well- 
defined lines of growth. 
florizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- 
hook beds: Hannibal. 


Athyris vittata Haz. 
Plate xli, figs. la-b. 


Athyris vittata Hall, 1860: 13th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist., p 89. 
Spirigera minima Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 


p. 649. 

Spirigera fultonensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad Sci., vol. I, | 
p. 650. 

Athyris vittata Hall, 1867: Pal. New York, vol. IV, p. 289, pl. xlvi, 
figs. 1-4. 


Shell very similar to A. argentea, but adult specimens are 
much smaller, less ventricose, and the concentric laminations 
much more pronounced. 

Horizon and localities —Devonian, Callaway limestone: 
Dauphin (Callaway county ). 

Careful comparisons of a large series of good specimens 
from Swallow’s type locality seem to show conclusively that 
Spirigera minima, is merely the young of NS. fultonensis. And 
the latter appears to be, without the slightest shadow of doubt, 
specifically identical with the common forms so widely distrib- 
uted throughout the Mississippi basin in the Devonian rocks, 
and so generally known under the name Athyris vittata of Hall. 


BRACHIOPODS. 91 


Athyris hannibalensis (Swattow ). 
Plate xli, fig. 9. 

Spirigera hannibalensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 

vol. I, p. 649. 

A rather large, lenticular form, with distant, concentric, im- 
bricated lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana 
(Kinderhook) limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana, Sulphur Springs 
(Saint Louis county ). 


Athyris proutii (Swa .tow ). 

Spirigera proutii Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 

649. 

Resembling A. vittata, but with mesial fold more pro- 
nounced. 

Horizon and lecalities —Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana, 
{ Kinderhook) limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana, Clarksville 
(Pike county ), Sulphur Springs ( Saint Louis county ). 


Athyris incrassatus Hatt. 
Plate xli, fig. 10. | 
Athyris incrassatus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 600, pl. xii, 
fig. 6. 
Shell very large, heavy, flattened, with occasional imbri- 
cated lines of growth; surface otherwise smooth. 
Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 





Horizon and localities 
limestone: Hannikal. 


Athyris formosa (Swallow). 
Spirigera formosa Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IT, 
ee nn Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 91. 
A small form resembling closely A. trinuclea. 
Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville (Cooper county ). 





92 BRACHIOPODS. 


Athyris trinuclea ( Ha.t). 


Terebratula trinuclea, Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 659, pl. xxiii, 
figs. 4a-c. 
Spirigera refleca Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. .Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 

88. 

A very variable shell like A. argentea, the trilobate char- 
acter being usually more pronounced than in most other forins 
of the group. | 7 

Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Barrett station (St. Louis county ). 


Athyris subquadrata Hatt. 


Athyris subquadrata Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. L, p. 703, pl. xxvii, 
figs. 2a-d. 
Spirigera clintonensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, 
Dan. 
A rather large, trilobate form, much like the smaller A. 
trinuclea. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county). 


Athyris sublamellosa Hatt. 
Athyris sublamellosa Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 702, pl. xxvii, 


figs. la-c. 
Spirigera americana Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci , vol. II, 
p. 89. 
A large shell with prominently imbricated concentric lines 
of growth. 


Florizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). 


Athyris argentea ( SHEPARD ). 


Plate xxxix, figs. lla-d. 
Terebratula argentea Shepard, 1838: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. XXXIV, p. 152. 
Terebratula subtilita Hall, 1852: Stansbury’s Exped. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 409, 
pl. iv, figs. la-b, and 2a-b. 
Terebratula subtilita Schie], 1855: Pacific R. R. Sur., vol. (I, p. 108, pl. i, 
fig. 2. 
Teredratula subtilita Hall, 1856: Pacific R. R. Sur., vol. III, p. 101, pl. ii, 
Terebratula subtilita Davidson, 1857: Monog. Brit. Carb. Brachiopodgs, p. 
18, pl. i, figs. 21, 22. 


BRACHIOPODS. 93 


Terebratula subtilita Marcou, 1858: Geol. N. A., p. 52, pl. vi, fig. 9. 

Spirigera subtilita Meek & Hayden, 1859: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., > 
p. 20. 

Athyris differentis McChesney, 1859: Dese. New Sp. Foss. Pal. Rocks 
Western States. 

Spirigera charitonensis Swallow, 186): Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
Tap. ol. 

Spirigera hawni Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.. vol. 1, p. 652. 

Athyris subtilita Newberry, 1861: Ives’ Exped. Colorado River, Paleon- 
tology, p. 126 

Spirigera singletoni Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, 
De 87. 

Spirigera capnt-serpentis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
0290. 

| Athyris subtilita Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 40, tab. 

iii, figs. 7-9. 

Athyris subtilita Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 180, pl. i, 
Deis, Plov, fg..8,- pl. vill, fir. 4. 

Athyris subtilita Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 570, 

. pl. xxv, fig. 14. 

Spirigera subtilita White, 1885: U.S. Geol. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol IV, 
p. 141, pl. x, figs. 6a-c. 

Athyris subtilita Meek, 1877: U.S. Geol. Exp. 40 Par., vol. LV, p. 83, pl. 
viii, figs. 6. 6a. 

Athyris subtilita White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept, p. 136, 
pl. xxxv, figs. 6-9. 

Athyris subtilita Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 231. 


Shell rather small, sublenticular to subglobose. Ventral 
valve regularly arched and usually slightly more convex than 
opposite one; beak quite prominent, rounded, incurved and 
truncated by the circular foramen; median sinus obsolete in 
young specimens, but often quite prominent in older individ- 
uals. Dorsal valve convex, with a well-marked mesial fold in 
adult specimens; beak not prominent. Surface of valves glab- 
rate, with occasional lines of growth, which, in large specimens, 
are more or jess imbricated. 

florizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- 
ures: Kansas City, Lexington, Clinton (Henry county). 

The name Terebratula argentea was proposed by Shepard 
more than half a century ago for a shell from the Coal Measures 
of LaSalle, [llinois, in all respects apparently identical with the 
form described by Hall fourteen years later. Although Shep- 
ard’s diagnosis is quite brief, and his two figures rather crude, 


94 BRACHIOPOUDS. 


there is but little doubt that he had one of the commonest fos- 
sils of the well-known locality just mentioned. Even if it 
were desirable to overlook the name applied to the LaSalle 
Specimens, the more familiar specific title of Hall, A. subtilita, 
could not be retained, inasmuch as the same form had pre- 
viously been named and figured on at least two different occa- 
SiONnS. 

Swallow has described a number of shells under Spirigera 
(Athyris) from the Coal Measures of Missouri and Kansas. 
With most of these it is impossible to tell much from the diag- 
noses given; while with others it is manifest that the writer 
had in hand various individuals of the very variable Athyris 
argentea, SO Common everywhere in the Coal Measures of the 
Mississippi basin. 


Nucleospira pisiformis Hatt. 
Plate lxi, fig. 5. 

Nucleospira pisiformis Hall, 1859: Pal. New York, vol. III, Explan. pl. 
xxviii B. 
Nuclecspira pisiformis Hall, 1882: Geol. Sur. Indiana, llth Ann. Rept, p. 

301, pl. xxv, figs. 22-26. 

Shell subglobose, valves nearly equal. Ventral valve 
slightly the more convex, especially toward the beak, which is 
somewhat elevated; area small, narrow. Surface nearly smooth, 
but showing lines of growth, and the bases of hair-like spines. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Silurian, Niagara? lime- 
stone: Oyrene (Pike county). | 


Retzia? osagensis SwaLiow. 


Retzia osagensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p. 653. 


Like &. vera, but much larger and with much finer coste. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- 
hook beds: Cooper county (Swallow). 


BRACHIOPODS. 95 


Retzia verneuiliana Hatt. 


Retzia verneuiliana Hall, 1856: Trans. Albany Inst , vol IV, p. 19. 
Retzia verneuiliana Hall, 1858: Geolegy Iowa, vol. I, p. 657, pl. xxiii, 
figs. 4a-d. 


Like &. mormoni, but with much finer and more numerous 
coste. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: St. Louis. 


Retzia vera Hatt. 


Retzia vera Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. 1, p. 704, pl. xxvii, fig. 3a. 
Retzia vera, var. costata, Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 704, pl. 
Xxvii, figs. 3b-c. 


Shell like R. mormoni, but very much larger, and with more 
numerous and finer radiating ribs. 

Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). 


Retzia mormoni ( Marcov). 
Plate xli, figs. 2a-c. 


Terebratula mormonit Marcou, 1858: Geol. N. A., p. dl, pl. vi, fig. 11. 

Retzia punctilifera Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 220. 

Retzia mormont Meek & Hayden, 1859: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 27. 

Retzia subglobosa McChesney, 1860: Dese. Pal. Foss., p. 45. 

Retzia mormoni Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 39, tab. 
lii, fig. 6. 

Retzia punctilifera McChesney, 1867: ‘Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. [, 
Dp. 32, pl. i, fig. 1. 

Reizia punctilifera Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 181, pl. 
ioe is: and pl.-v, fig. 7. 

Retzia mormoni White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. 1V, 
p. 141, pl. x, figs. 7a-c. 

Retzia mormoni White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Ann. Rep. 1883, pt. ii, 
p. 136, pl. xxxv, figs. 10-12. 

Retzia mormoni Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 231. 


Shell small, subovoid, with 12 to 16 simple, radiating 
cost; hinge-line short, often slightly extended into small ears. 
Ventral valve the more convex; beak rather prominent, 
rounded, somewhat curved; foramen rather large, circular; 
cardinal area well defined, triangular. Dorsal valve moderately 


95 BRACHIOPODS. 


arched ; beak incurved and extended but slightly beyond the 
hinge margin. Surface, aside from the radiating ribs, nearly 
smooth, marked only by a few lines of growth; under a mag- 
nifier the shell is beautifully punctate. . 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, U pper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City, Lexington. | 

Considerable difference of opinion has long existed as to 
what name should actually be applied to the form under con: 
sideration. Two names are perhaps more prominent than any 
of the others, as these were both published the same year. 
They are the titles proposed by Shumard and by Marcou. 
Bearing upon this question, White seems to have found the 
most conclusive evidence of the priority of Marcou’s term by 
afew months. Hesays: “Orthis pecosi, Retzia mormoni, Rhyn- 
chonella uta, R. rockymontana and Spirifera rockymontana were 
published in his Geology of North America. I have obtained 
satisfactory evidence that the work was published as early as 
March 1, 1858.” Volume XV of the Bulletin de la Societe Ge- 
ologique de France contains a statement that a copy of the 
book was sent to that society on April 20, 1858. In the same 
year Shumard and Swallow published a paper containing de- 
scriptions of the three first-named species, under other names, 
in the Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences, but 
that publication was not made until about the first of June. 
In December of the same year, Hall published in the Geological 
Report of Iowa, Spirifer rockymontana as NS. opimus ; and in 
1860 McChesney published R. rockymontana as Rf. etonieformis. 
It thus is clear that Marcou is entitled to priority of all five 
of the names above given. 


Trematospira imbricata ? (Hatt). 


Leptocceelia imbricata Hall, 1857: Ann. Rept. N. Y. State. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
p 108. ¥ 

Leptocelia imbricata Hall, 1859: Pal. New York, vol. III, p. 246, pl. xxxviii, 
figs. 8-13. 

Trematospira imbricata Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. III, 
p. 381, pl. vii, figs. 2a-e. 
Shell small, rhombic-suborbicular, plano-convex, or con- 

cayo-convex; length sometimes a little greater, and in other 

: . Ye: 





BRACHIOPODS. 97 


examples somewhat less, than the breadth; cardinal margins 
sloping at various angles from the beaks; lateral margins more 
or less rounded, or obtusely subangular; front rather irregularly 
rounded. Dorsal valve nearly flat on each side, and more or 
less concave in the middle; beak not incurved. Ventral valve 
convex along the middle, and sloping to the sides; beak in- 
curved a little beyond the hinge. Surface ornamented by about 
seven to ten rounded plications on each valve, two of which, 
on the middle of the ventral valve, are larger and more promi- 
nent than the others, while the middle one on the other dies 
out before reaching the beak. Crossing the whole are distinct, 
regularly arranged, imbricating lamelle of growth. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Silurian limestone: Bai- 
ley landing ( Perry county ). 


Atrypa occidentalis Hatt. 


Atrypa aspera, of American authors. 

Atrypa aspera, var. occidentalis Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 515, 
pl. vi, figs. 3a-d. mn 
Shell of medium size, longitudinally subovoid, inequivalve. 

Ventral valve flattened, somewhat convex in the umbonal re- 

gion; beak small, closely incurved; foramen very minute. 

Dorsal valve very convex, often hemispherical; beak closely 

incurved. Surface marked by large, rounded folds, crossed at 

rather regular intervals by elevated, curved lamellw, which are 
often produced into short, tubular spines. 
Horizon and localities.—Devonian limestone: Winfield 

(Lincoln county ). 


Atrypa reticularis ( Linn us ). 
Plate xli, figs. 12a-b 
Anomia reticularis Linnzus, 1767: Syst. Nat., vol. I, p. 1152. 
Atrypa reticularis Dalman, 1827: Vet. Akad. Handl., p. iv, fig. 2. 
Atrypa reticularis Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 515, p}. vi, figs. 4a-c 
and 5a-c. 


Differs from A. occidentalis chiefly in the larger size, much 
finer radiating cost, and less inbricated character of the con- 
centric lines of growth. | 

Fflorizon and localities —Devonian, Callaway limestone: 
Fulton ( Callaway county ). 

G—8 


98 BRACHIOPODS. 


Zygospira modesta (Say). 
Atrypa modesta Say, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. I41, pl. xxxiii, 

fig. 15. 

Pass a Hall, 1862: 15th Rep. Reg. New York State Cab. 

Nat. Hist., p. 154. 

Zygospira modesta Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 125, pl. 

xi, figs. 4a-d. 

Shell small, rather depressed, nearly plano-convex, sub- 
orbicular, or, sometimes, a little wider than long; posterior 
lateral margins often slightly straightened and converging to 
the beaks at an obtuse angle; lateral margins more or less 
rounded; front rounded, or, sometimes, a little straightened, 
or very slightly sinuous at the middle. Dorsal valve with a 
rather shallow, undefined mesial sinus of moderate breadth at 
the front, but becoming rapidly narrower, and less impressed 
posteriorly, so as often to die out before reaching the umbo; 
surface on each side of the sinus gently convex centrally, 
and sloping to the lateral margins; beak but slightly prominent 
and incurved. Ventral valve, with a low mesial ridge, corre- 
sponding to the sinus of the other valve, excepting that it is 
generally most prominent near the middle, and somewhat de- 
pressed anteriorly; while on each side of the ridge the slopes 
are distinctly compressed; beak small, abruptly pointed, pro- 
jecting beyond that of the other valve, and rather distinctly 
arched ; but not so closely incurved as to conceal the small 
fissure, which seems to be closed below by a deltidium, that 
leaves a minute aperture above, just under, or extending to, the 
apex; margin on each side of beak carinated, so as to give the 
appearance of a kind of false cardinal area. Surface of each 
valve ornamented by about 16 to 18 small, simple, radiating 
plications, of which about three to five near the front of the 
dorsal valve occupy the mesial sinus, the middle one being 
usually a little the largest; while on the ventral valve about 
four of the largest occupy the mesial prominence—the furrow 
between the middle two being generally a little larger and 
deeper than the others; marks of growth undefined, or ex- 
tremely minute and obscure. ( Meek.) 


BRACHIOPODS. 4 t99 


florizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- 
stone: Saint Louis county ( Hambach). 


Zygospira subconcava MEEK & WorTHEN. 
Zygospira subconcava Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
IIL, p. 380, pl. vii, figs. la-d. . 
A somewhat smaller and more compressed species than Z. 
modesta, and having finer radiating lines. 
florizon and localities —Upper Silurian limestone: Bai- 
ley landing (Perry county ). 


Camerella calcifera? BILLINGS. 
Camerella calcifera Billings, 1861: Canadian Nat. and Geol., vol. VI, p. 
318. 
Horizon and loclities.—Silurian? Magnesian limestone: 
Carter county. 


Rhynchonella capax ( ConrapD). 
Plate xli, figs. 12a-b. 


Atrypa capax Conrad. 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. VIII, p. 
264, pl. xiv, fig. 21. 


Atrypa increbescens Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 146, pl. xxxiii, 
figs. lda-y. 

Rhynchonella capax Billings, 1862: Pal. Foss. Canada, vol. I, p. 142. 

Rhynchonella capar Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. [, p. 123, pl. 
xi, figs. 6a-f. 


Shell attaining about a medium size, varying with age 
from compressed sub-trigonal to sub-globose, old examples be- 
ing often more convex than their diameter in any other direc- 
tion; posterior lateral margins somewhat straightened and 
converging to the beaks at about a right angle in young shells, 
but becoming more rounded in the adult; lateral margins 
rounding to the front, which is more or less distinctly sinuous, 
or nearly straight in the middle. 

Dorsal valve generally a little more convex than the other, 
most prominent in the middle, and rounding abruptly, or slop- 
ing more gently from the central region in all directions; the 
more elevated part forming anteriorly a depressed mesial ridge 
that is nearly flat, and occupied by four plications on top, and 
rarely continues two-thirds of the way to the strongly incurved 


100 BRACHIOPOUS. 


beak; while on young or compressed individuals it is faintly 
marked, even anteriorly; lateral slopes each occupied by four 
to seven or eight simple angular plications. 

Ventral valve with its beak abruptly pointed and very 
strongly incurved upon that of the other valve in adult shells, 
but less distinctly curved, and showing a small opening under 
its apex in young examples; mesial sinus deep and well defined 
in gibbous specimens, and less so in the young or more com- 
pressed forms, never quite reaching the point of the beak, and 
always having three simple, rather angular plications in the 
bottom that extend like the others to the apex of the beak in 
well-preserved specimens; lateral slopes each occupied by 
from five to seven simple plications. Entire surface of both 
valves marked by numerous very regular, strongly zig-zag, 
prominent, sublaminar marks of growth that become nearly or 
quite obsolete, sometimes, on old examples. Length of a me- 
dium-sized, moderately gibbous individual, 0.75 inch; breadth, 
0.81 inch; convexity, 0.66 inch. ( Meek.) 

Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Hudson shales’: 
Louisiana, Cape Girardeau. 


Rhynchonella dentata (HA zr). 
Plate xli, fig. 3. 


Atrypa dentata Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p.148, p]. xxxiii, figs. 
J4a-e. 

Rhynchonella dentata Hall, 1859: State Cab. N. Y.,12th Ann. Rep , p. 65. 
Smaller and more slender than Kh. capaa. 
Horizon and localities.—Silurian, Hudson shales: Cape 

Girardeau. 


Rhynchonella missouriensis SHUMARD. 


Rhynchonella missouriensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep.,. 
p. 204, pl. C, figs. 5a-e. 
Rhynchonella missouriensis Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. II, p. 153, pl. xiv, figs. 4a-b. 
Shell gibbous, subtriangular, beaks sharp; greatest width 
usually near the front, but very variable in different ages of 
the shell. Vertical valve much more elevated than the dorsal 


BRACHIOPODS. 101 


valve; degree of elevation varying according to the age of the 
shell; beak incurved, pointed; mesial ridge obscure, with from 
two to three obscure rounded folds, commencing a short dis- 
tance in advance of the beak and becoming more prominent 
toward the front, where the valve is emarginate, and presents 
two or three deep indentations. - Dorsal valve slightly convex 
near the beak, nearly plain anteriorly; sinus broad and shallow 
in young examples, becoming deeper in the more advanced 
ages of the shell; it has two or three wide obscure plaits, 
sometimes reaching the beak. Tongue of sinus quadrangular, 
bent upward at right angles to the plane of the valve, and in 
most specimens equal in length to one-third the length of the 
shell. The cardinal line in sinuous. The surface of the valves 
is covered with very fine concentric, imbricating waved lines 
of growth. (Shumard). 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
(Upper Kinderhook) limestone: Vandever Falls (Cooper 
county ), Providence ( Boone county ). 


Rhynchonella cooperensis SHUMARD, 
Rhynchonella cooperensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., 
p. 204, pl. C, figs. 4a-c. 
A form like the immature RK. capax, but much broader, and 
larger and with more rounding, radiating coste. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
(Upper Kinderhook) limestone: Providence (Boone county ). 


Rhynchonella boonensis SHUMARD. 


Rhynchonella boonensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., 
p. 205, pl. C, figs. 6a-b. 


Shell sub-triangular, length and breadth about equal; 
greatest width at the cardinal border, and diminishing rapidly 
to the front, where it terminates in an obtase angle; cardinal 
border sinuous, terminating exteriorly in small salient ears ; dor- 
sal valve longitudinally convex, concave from side to side, 
furnished with two folds, which are very obtuse at the beak, 
but become rather prominently and broadly angular as they 
approach the front; sinus indistinct near the beak, large 


102 BRACHIOPODS. 


and moderately deep in front; tongue of sinus triangular ; 
beak rather obtuse, and rather strongly incurved; hinge-line 
sinuous, and situated some distance within the cardinal border; 
ventral valve shorter than dorsal valve, convex on the middle, 
_ sides nearly perpendicular; mesial fold indistinct near the beak, 
becoming broad and somewhat prominent in front. (Shumard.) 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Columbia ( Boone county ). 


Rhynchonella ringeus Swa.Low. 

Rhynchonella ringeus Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 

1,-p7 003; 

Shell very large, heavy, triangular. Surface marked by 12 
to 14 radiating ridges. 

Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Burling- 
ton limestone: Fulton (Callaway county), Hannibal ( Marion 
county). 


Rhynchonella subtrigona Meek & WoRTHEN. 


Rhynchonella subtrigona Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 451. 
Rhynchonella parvini McChesney, 1861: Desc. New Pal. Foss , p. 83. 
Camarophora subtrigona Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. 
II, p. 251, pl. xvili, figs. 8a—c. 
A large, robust form like &. cooperensis. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 


limestone: Wayland (Clark county ). 


Rhynchonella subcuncata Hatt. 
Rhynchonella subcuneata Hall, 1856: ‘Trans. Albany Institute, vol. Lue 


(tit 8 ls 
Rhynchonella subcuneata Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 658, pl. xxiii. 
figs. 3a-c. 
Rhynchonella arctirostrata Swallow, 1868: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 
vol. II, p. 48. 


A rather small, flattened, cuneate shell, with large plica- 
tions and an obscure mesial sinus. 

Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville (Cooper county ). | 


BRACHIOPODS. 103 


Rhynchonella mutata Hatt. 

Rhynchonella mutata Hall, 1856: Trans. Albany Institute, vol. LV, p. 10. 
Rhynchonella mutata Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 658, pl. xxiii, 

figs. 2a-b. 

A small form like R&. subcuneata, but smaller and less 
cuneate. 

Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville. 


Rhynchonella ottumwa WHITE. 
Rhynchonella ottumwa White, 1883: 12th Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. and 
Geog. Sur. Terr., p. 165, pl. xli, figs. 5a-c. 
Similar to &. uta, but with mesial sinus much less pro- 
nounced. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: near St. Francisville (Clark county ). 


Rhynchonella uta (Marcov). 
Plate xli, fig. 7. 

Terebratula uta Marcou, 1858: Geol. N, A., p. 51, pl. vi, figs. 2la-c. 

Rhynchonella ( Camarophoria) osagensis Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis 
Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 219. 

Camarophoria swallowiana Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 
vol. I, p. 394, pl. xi, figs. la-e. 

Camarophoria globulina Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 38, 
tab. iii, fig. 5 (Not C. globulina Phillips, 1834.) 

Rhynchonella osagensis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 179, 
pl.i, figs. 9a-b; and pl. vi, figs. 2a-b. 

Rhynchonella osagensis Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. V, 
p. 571, pl. xxvii, fig. 22. 

Rhynchonella uta White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid, vol. IV, 
p. 128, pl. ix, figs. 2a-c. 


Shell small, subtrigonal in outline, slightly wider than long, 
more or less ventrigose. Ventral valve not as convex as the 
other one; medial sinus short but well defined; beak pointed, 
not very prominent; foramen small. The median sinus is oc- 
cupied by two to three sharply angular plications ; and each of 
the lateral lobes by about three similar short ridges. Dorsal 
valve much more arched than the ventral; median fold rather 
low, not defined behind the middle of the shell, marked by two 


104 BRACHIOPODS. 


to four plications; three or four elevations also occupy the 
space on each side of the medial fold; beak curved. Surface 
of shell smooth. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City, Lexington. 


Meristella laevis (VAUNEXEM). 


Atrypa levis Vaunexem, 1843: Rept. Third Dist. N. Y., p. 120, fig. 2. 
Merista levis Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. Il, p. 376, 
pl. vii, figs. 8a-c. 


In general appearance like Nucleospira pesiformis, but 
much larger and longer. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Silurian limestone: Bailey 
landing (Perry county ). | 


Eatonia peculiaris? (Conrap ). 


Atrypa peculiaris Conrad, 1841: Ann. Rept. Pal. New York, p. 56. 
Eatonia peculiaris Hall, 1859: Twelfth Ann. Rept. Reg. Univ. New York, 
p. 37, figs. 1-7. 


Shell rather below medium size, slightly longer than wide. 
Dorsal valve more convex than the ventral; front elevated into 
a prominent median fold. Ventral valve flattened, beak arched, 
foramen terminal, small. Surface ornamented by small radiat- 
ing ribs. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Silurian limestone: near 
Grand Tower, in Perry county. 


Pentamerus ? salinensis SWALLow. 


Pentamerus salinensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. ‘St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
I, p. 652. 


Shell below medium size, ovoid. Ventral valve very con- 
vex, abruptly arching to the sides, beak somewhat extended, 
pointed, incurved; foramen large, triangulgr. Surface marked 
by about ten low plications, toward the anterior border. 

Horizon and localities.—-Devonian? Callaway? limestone: 
Moniteau county (Swallow). 





BRACHIOPODS. 105 


Terebratula rowleyi WorTHEN. 
Plate xli, fig. 23. 


Terebratula rowleyi Worthen, 1884: Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist’, Bul. 2, 
p. 23. 

‘Terebratula rowleyi Worthen, 1890: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 102, 
pl. xi, figs. 6a-b. 


A small flattened form, with extended beak. 
florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Louisiana. 


Terebratula bovidens Morton. 


- Terebratula bovidens Morton, 1636: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. X XIX, p. 150. 

Terebratula millepunctata Hall, 1856: Pac. R. R. Sur., vol. ILL, p. 101, pl. 
ii, figs. 1 and 2. 

Terebratula bovidens Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 711. 

Terebratula geniculosa McChesney, 1861: Desc. Pai. Foss., p. 82. 

Terebratula bovidens McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 37, vl. i, fig. 2. ; 

Terebratula bovidens Meek, 1872: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 187, pl. 
i, figs 7a-c; pl. ii, fig. 4. 

Dielasma bovidens White, 1875: Expl. and Sur. w. 100 Merid., Prelim. 
Rep. Invert. Foss., p. 21. 

Terebratula bovidens White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. 
IV, p. 144, pl. xi, figs. 10a-—c. 


Shell of medium size, ovoid. Ventral valve strongly 
arched, with the greatest convexity toward the apical portion; 
beak rather prominent, closely incurved; foramen elliptic ; 
median sinus wide and quite shallow. Dorsal valve but 
slightly convex longitudinally, moderately arcuate transversely ; 
mesial fold scarcely noticeable. Surface glabrate, with a few 
rather distinct concentric lines of growth, but under a magni- 
fier exhibiting a punctate structure. 

- Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Terebratula parva SwaLlow. 
Terebratula parva Swallow 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 83. 
Shell very small, gibbous. Surface nearly smooth, or 
marked by fine radiating lines 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Keokuk (Iowa). 


106 BRACHIOPODS. 


Spurious and Doubtful Species of Brachiopods. 


Productus callawayensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad.sci., vol. 
[. p. 640. Loo poorly defined for recogaition. 

Productus blairi Miller, 1892: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rept., Adv. 
Sheets, p. 79, pl. xiii, figs. 16-17. ‘loo imperfect for identification. 

Orthis prattenti McChesney, 1859: Dese. New Species Foss. Pale Rocks 
Western States, vol. [. Carbonier? Poorly defined. 

Strophodonta altidorsata Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
I, p. 637. Devonian: Callaway county. I[nsufficientiy described. 

Koninckina americana Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, 
p. 94. St. Louis limestone: Barrett station, St. Louis county. Too 
imperfect for recognition. | 

Spirifera clarus Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, p. 86. 
Keokuk limestone: Ste. Genevieve county. Cannot be recognized 
from description. 

Spirifer meeki Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 645. 
Burlington limestone: Pettiscounty. Not recognizable. 

Spirifer latior Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, p. 86. 
Chouteau limestone: Cooper county. Description too imperfect. 

Spirifer anne Swallow, 1860: frans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p. 
641. Callaway limestone: ‘Callaway county. Too imperfect to 
identify. 

Spirifer amarus Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.. vol. 1, p. 642. 
Cannot be recognized. 

Spirigera jacksoni Swallow, 1860:. Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 651. Upper Coal Measures: Cass county. Poorly detined. Prob- 
ably identical with S. lineatus. 

Spirigera missouriensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p 650. Coal Measures: Montgomery county. Poorly defined. Prob- 
ably synonymous with S. lineatus. 

Athyris ultravarica McChesney, 1859: Desc. New Species Foss. Palae. 
Rocks, Western States. ste. Genevieve. Description too meager. 

Spirigera maconensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 651. Coal Measures: Montgomery county. Oannot be recog- 
nized. 

Spirigera platensis Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, p. 
87. Upper Coal Measures: northwestera Missouri. Not recogniza- 
ble. 

Spirigera missouriensis Winchell, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 
17. Lithographic limestone: Louisiana. Name preoccupied. 
Retzia popenana Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol I, p. 654. 

Not recognizable. . 

Rhynchonella warrenensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad Sci., 
vol. [, p. 653. Lower Devonian, Callaway county. Description 
too general. 

Rhynchonella perrostellata Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci, vol. 
If, p. 85. Keokuk limestone: Cooper county. Not sufficiently 
defined. 





BRACHIOPODS. 107 


Terebratula brevilobata Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
II, p. 84. Keokuk limestone: Ste. Genevieve county. Cannot be 
identified. 

Terebratula arcuata Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., p. 83. 
Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve county. Cannot be recognized. 

Terebratula gracilis Swallow, 1863: ‘lrans. St. Louis Acad. Sei., voi. LI, 
p. 83. St. Louis limestone: St. Mary. Not recognizable. 


CHAPTER XII. 


LAMBLLIBRANCHS. 


Placunopsis carbonaria MEEK & WorRTHEN. 
Plate xliii, fig. 9. 


Placunopsis carbonaria Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Chicago Acad. Sci., 
vol. I, p. 138. 

Placunopsis carbonaria Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. V, 
p. 578, pl. xvii, figs. 2a-b. 


Lenticular, compressed, shell very thin. 
Horizon and localitzes.— Upper Carboniferous, U pper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Lima retifera SHUMARD. 
Plate xiii, fig. 1. 


Lima retifera Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 214. 

Lima retifera Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 36, tab. ii, 
figs. 20, 21. 

Lima retifera Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 188, pl. ix, fig. 5. 

Lima retifera White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept, pt. ii, p. 
138, pl. xxviii, fig. 4. 

Crenipecten retiferus Miller, 1890: N. A. Geol. and Pal., p. 473. 

Inma retifera Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 248. 


Shell rather small, subovate, moderately convex, regularly 
rounded below; anterior slope long, straight, forming an angle 
of about 140° with the hinge-line, sharply curved as it meets 
the ventral margin; posterior slope much shorter; hinge-line 
about one-third the length of the valves; ears subequal; um- 
bones not prominent, and situated midway between the extremi- 
ties of the hinge-line. Surface marked by from 20 to 25 rather 
angular radiating ribs, which are often crossed by transverse. 
lines of growth. : 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- 
ures: Clinton (Henry county ), Kansas City. 





LAMELLIBRANOCHS. 109 


Entolium circulus (SHuMarp ). 


Avicula circulus Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 206, 
pl. C, figs. 14a-b. 
Avicula circulus Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 522, pl. vii, fig. 9. 
Large, compressed, circular; hinge very short; surface 
Smooth or marked by fine lines of growth. 
Horizon ana local:ties.—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
(Kinderhook ) limestone: Vandever Falls (Cooper county ). 





Entolium cooperensis (SHumarp). 


Avicula cooperensis Shumard, 1853: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 206,. 
pl. C, fig. 15. 


A small form somewhat resembling JL. circulus, but with 
shorter hinge-line, and with distinct radiating ribs. 

Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
(Kinderhook) limestone: Vandever Falls (Cooper county). 


Entolium aviculatum (Swa.Low ). 
Plate xlii, figs. 2a-b. 


Pecten aviculatus Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 
125. 


Entolium aviculatum Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 189, pl. 
ix, figs. lla-f. 


Entolium aviculatum White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. 

ii, p. 142, pl. xxviii, figs. 7-8. 

Shell compressed, very thin, equivalve, subcircular in out- 
line, with small subequal ears; anterior and posterior slopes 
straight, equally inclined to the hinge-line, and forming at the 
beak an angle of about 120° with each other; hinge-line short. 
A shallow depression extends from the umbones to the front 
and back margins of each valve. Surface ornamented by minute 
concentric lines, which are often crossed by faint radiating 
striations. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


110 LAMELLIBRANCHS. 


Aviculopecten magna (SWALLOW ). 
Plate xliii, fig. 7. 

Avicula magna Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, p. 98. 

Shell very large, heavy, subcircular in outline; anterior 
and ventral margins regularly rounded; hinge-line straight, 
long, nearly equaling the length of the valves. Left valve 
quite convex, especially toward the umbo; beak gibbous, ex- 
tending slightly beyond the hinge-line; posterior ear short; 
anterior ear greatly extended. Surface marked by rather large, 
rounded cost radiating from the beak, and widely separated 
from one another; these are crossed by lines of growth, often 
somewhat imbricated. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Springfield (Greene county ). ; 


Aviculopecten missouriensis (SHUMARD). 


Pecten missouriensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 
207, pl. C, fig. 16. 


A small form similar to A. occidentalis, but having rela- 
tively larger ribs. 

florizon and localities. 
limestone: Saint Louis. 





Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 


Aviculopecten occidentalis ( SHUMARD ). 
Plate xlii, fig. 3. 


Pecten occidentalis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 
207, pl. C, fig. 18. 

Pecten cleavelandicus Swallow, 1858: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 184. 

Aviculopecten occidentalis 2? Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Dlinois, vol. 
II, p. 331, pl. xxvii, figs. 4, 5. 

Pecten misscuriensis 2 Geinitz, 1866: Carb und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 35, 
tab. ii, fig. 18. (Not Shumard, 1855.) 

Aviculopecten occidentalis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 191, 
pl.ixs sig. 10, 

Aviculopecten occidentalis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., 
pt. ii, p. 143, pl. xxviii, fig. 3. 


Shell of medium size, inequivalve, symmetrical, higher than 
long, regularly rounded below; hinge-line as long as the great- 
est length of valves. Left valve decidedly convex; other one 


LAMELLIBRANCHS. kil 


nearly flat. Ears subequal; the anterior somewhat smaller 
than the posterior, and with much more conspicuous radiating 
coste. Surface marked by low radiating ribs, of which there 
are about fifteen, that extend from the umbo to the margins, 
the others disappearing as they approach the beaks. -These 
are crossed by numerous fine, often imbricated, lines of growth. 
All the surface markings are much more prominent on the left 
valve than on the right. 

Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Plattsburg (Clinton county), Kansas City. 


Aviculopecten carboniferus (STEVENS ). 
Plate xlii, figs. 4a-b. 


Pecten carboniferus Stevens, 1858: Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. XXV, p. 261. 
Pecten broadheadi Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, 
Ul 

PETS Kini Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 36, tab. ii, 
figs. 19a-b. 

Aviculopecten carboniferus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 193, 
pl. ix, figs. 4a-b. 

Aviculopecten carboniferus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. 

Rep., pt. ii, p. 144, pl. xxxviii, figs. 5-6. 

Shell rather small, oblique, moderately convex, length and 
breadth nearly equal; hinge-line nearly or quite straight, and 
somewhat less in length than the greatest breadth of the 
valves, provided with a marginal ridge in both valves; basal 
margin regularly rounded. Left valve more convex than the 
other; posterior ear rather well defined from the swell of the 
umbo, somewhat extended and terminating in an acute point, 
separated from the margin below by deep rounded sinus ; ante- 
rior ear about two-thirds as long as the other, and rather more 
distinct froin the umbo and more obtuse, but still rather acutely 
angular; defined by a moderately distinct subangular sinus. 
Right valve nearly flat, or distinctly less convex than the 
other; its anterior ear narrow, and defined by a deep, rather 
sharp sinus; posterior ear of the same size and form as in the 
left valve. Surface ornamented in the left valve with about 
fifteen or sixteen distinct, angular, radiating plications, sepa- 
rated by furrows of the same size, each one of which terminates 


112 LAMELLIBRANCHS. 


at the free border in a little spine-like projection with curved- 
up margin; lines of growth fine on the body of the valve, but 
becoming more distinct and irregular on the ears, where there 
are rarely any defined radiating coste. At a few distantly 
separated intervals there are prominent imbricating lamin of 
growth, showing the same digitate markings as the free bor- 
ders of the shell. In the right valve the surface markings are 
somewhat like those of the other valve, but much more obscure, 
excepting on the anterior wing, where there are a few more 
distinct radiating coste. ( Meek.) 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Aviculopecten coxanus MEEK & WoRTHEN. 


Aviculopecten coranus Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 453. 

Aviculopecten coxanus Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II,,. 
p. 326, pl. xxvi, figs. 6a-b. 

Aviculopecten coranus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 196, pl. 
ix, figs. 2a-b. 

Aviculopecten coxanus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 232. 
Shell like A. occidentalis Shumard, but very much smaller,. 

thinner, and proportionally longer; ribs larger and further 

apart; posterior slope considerably longer than the anterior. 
florizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City. 





Aviculopecten? interlineatus Meek & WorTHEN. 
Plate xlii, fig. 6. 


Aviculopecten interlineatus Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 454. 

Aviculopecten interlineatus Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
Il, p. 329, pl. xxvi, figs. 7a-b. 

Aviculopecten? interlineatus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. 
Rep., pt. ii, p. 145, pl. xxx, fig: 9: 


A small subcircular form, with long straight hinge-line;. 
and characterized especially by prominent, rather distant con- 
centric ridges. 

Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 





LAMELLIBRANCHS. is 


Aviculopecten coryanus WHite. 

Aviculopecten coryanus White, 1874: Expl. and Sur. w. 100 Merid., Prelim. 

Rep. Invert. Foss., p. 21. 
Aviculopecten coryanus White, 1877: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., vol. 

LV, p. 147, pl. xi, figs. la-b. 

Like A. occidentalis, but much larger, less contracted below 
the ears, and with coarser radiating ribs. 

- Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 

Measures: Kansas City. 


Aviculopecten fasciculatus Kryss, 
Plate xlii, fig. 7. 

Shell large, similar to A. providensis (Cox). The ribs small, 
in bundles of from three to four, with broad channels between 
contiguous fascicles. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Avicula longa ( GEINITz). 


Gervilla longa Geiniiz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 32, tab. ii, 
fig. 15. 


Avicula longa Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 199, pl. ix, fig. 8. 

Avicula longa Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. V, p. 578, 
esnyi ne 1, 

Avicula longa Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 248. 

Shell rather below medium size, obliquely elongate, nearly 
equivalve, with a long posterior ear and a much shorter front 
. extension. Anterior end rather acutely pointed above, sloping 
sinuously backward to the nearly straight basal margin; pos- 
terior extremity sharply rounded below. Hinge-margin straight, 
about two-thirds the length of the valves, and extended be- 
hind into a long narrow wing, producing a deep, rounded sinus 
between it and the body of the shell. Forward ear broad, 
somewhat triangular. Beaks rather prominent, situated about 
one-fourth of the entire length of the hinge-line from the for- 
ward end of the shell. Surface glabrate, with often fine con- 
centric lines of growtb. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 

G—9 


114 LAMELLIBRANCHS. 


Monopteria gibbosa (Mzrrk & WorTHEN ), 


Plate xliii, figs. 2a-b. 
Pterinea (Monopteria) gibbosa Meek & Worthen, 1866: Trans. Chicago Acad. 
Sci., vol. I, p. 20. 
Monopteria gibbosa Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, 
p. 340, pl. xxvii, figs. 11-11b. 
Monopteria gibbosa White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., pt. ii, 
p. 139, pl. xxx, figs. 11-12. 


Shell suborbicular in outline, gibbous, regularly curved 
along the anterior and basal margins; posterior margin pro- 
duced backward, the umbonal ridge extending from the beak 
to this rounded angularity. Hinge-line straight, somewhat 
shorter than greatest length of valves, the posterior alate pro- 
jection rather long, slender, compressed, with a deep sinus be- 
low, separating it from the valves beneath. Anterior ear very 
small. Surface marked only by fine concentric lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Monopteria longispina (Cox). 
Plate xlili, fig. 1. 


Gervillia longispina Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. III, p. 568, pl. 
Viii, fig. 6. 

Gervillia auricula Stevens, 1858: Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol X XV, p. 265, p. 38. 

Pterineu (Monopteria) longispina Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. [linois, 
vol. II, p. 341. 


Like M. gibbosa, but very much more oblique, the posterior 
angle much more produced, the beaks placed more forward. 

Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Monotis? gregaria Merk & WortTHEN. 


Monotis ? gregaria Meek & Worthen, 1870: Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila. 
Monotis ? gregaria Meek & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 573. 
pl. xxvi, figs. 5a-b. 


A very small, thin, rounded shell, like Aviculopecten, 
but without the ears defined. 

Horizon and localitves.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 





LAMELLIBRANCHS. 115 


Enchondria neglecta ( GEmniTz ) 
Pecten neglectus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 56, tab. 
Beriictc..7. 
Aviculopecten neglectus Meek, 1867: Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. XLV, p. 64. 
Aviculopecten neglectus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. V, 
p. 589, pl. xxvi, figs. 7a-b. 
Enchondria neglecta Meek, 1874: Am. Jour. Sci., (3), vol. VII, p. 445. 
Aviculopecten neglectus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 232. 
A small form like an Entolium in general appearance, but 
with large ribbed ears, and crenulated cardinal margin. 
Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Aviculopinna americana MEEK. 
Avicula pinneformis Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 31, 

tab. ii, fig. 13. (Not A. pinneformis, Geinitz, 1857.) 

Aviculopinna americana Meek, 1867: Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. XULV, p. 282. 
Aviculopinna americana Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 197, 
pi. ix, figs. 12a-d. 

Shell small, compressed, with the slender elongated form 
of some of the Carboniferous species of Pinna; cardinal and 
ventral margins generally nearly straight (the latter being the 
more convex in outline) and converging gradually from behind 
to the rather obtusely pointed anterior extremity; posterior 
side truncated, rounding to the base, and intersecting the 
posterior extremity of the hinge very nearly at right angles; 
a little sinuous just below the extremity of the hinge. Cardi- 
nal margin so slightly convex in outline as to appear quite 
straight, very nearly equaling the greatest length of the valves, 
and provided with a well-defined marginal ridge, which narrows 
to a mere line, or dies out before reaching the beaks, and 
widens very gradually to the posterior extremity. Beaks nearly 
or quite obsolete, extremely oblique, and very slightly behind 
the very narrow, obtusely pointed anterior extremity. Surface 
with two or three broad, nearly obsolete radiating ridges on the 
posterior dorsal region, and ornamented by numerous slender, 
very regularly disposed and abruptly elevated lines of lamella, 
much narrower than the space between and curving gracefally 


116 LAMELLIBRANCHS. 


parallel to the posterior border; while on the basal half of the 

valves they are closely approximate and curve forward. 
Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 

Measures: Forest City (Holt county ). he . 


Pinna missouriensis SwatLow. 
Pinna missouriensis Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 97. 
A rather large shell with radiating ridges on the posterior 
slopes. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve. 


Pinna peracuta SHUMARD. 
Plate xiv, figs. 2a-b. 
Pinna peracuta Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 214. 
Pinna peracuta Meek, 1872: U.S. Geog. and Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 198, 
pl. vi, figs. lla-b. 
Pinna peracuta White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. ii, 

p. 145, pl. xxviii, figs. 1-2. 

Shell attaining a large size, very convex or somewhat 
cylindrical, flattened behind; hinge-line straight; ventral mar- 
gin nearly straight; posterior rounded. Surface smooth, or 
marked only by lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Lithophaga sp ? 
Plate xlii, figs. 8a-b. 

Shell moderately long, very ventricose, compressed and 
sharply rounded posteriorly; hinge-line straight, about two- 
thirds as long as the valves; beaks obtuse, terminal. Surface 
marked only by closely arranged lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Louisiana. 





LAMELLIBRANCHS. day: 


Lithophaga pertenuis Merk & WorTHEN. 


Lithophaga ? pertenuis Meek & Worthen, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 245. 

Inthophaga ? pertenuis Meek & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, 
p. 539, pl. xxii, figs. la-b. 


Much larger and less robust than the species figured; sur- 
face smooth, with only fine lines of growth. 

‘Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. | 


Myalina keokuk WorTHEN. 
Myalina keokuk Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VI, p. 524, pl. 
ax x. tip.-5, 
Like M. angulata, but with stout beaks and heavier valves. 
Horizon and localities—ULower COarboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Bonaparte (lowa); St. Francisville (Clark county). 


Myalina sancti-ludovici WoRrrTHEN. 
Myalina sancti-ludovict Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VY, p. 540, 
pl. xxii, fig. 3. 
Closely related to M. angulata, but much smaller and more 
delicate. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. — 


Myalina kansasensis SHuMARD, 
Plate xliii, fig.5. 

Myalina kansasensis Shumard, 1858: Trans. St, Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 

p. 213. 

Closely related to UM. recurvirostris M. & W., but with the 
concentric lamille prominently corrugated. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Myalina recurvirostris Meek & WorTHEN. 
Plate xly, figs. la-b. 

Myalina recurvirostris Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 456. 

Myalina recurvirostris Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol II, 
p. 344, pl. xxvi, figs. 9a-ce. 

Myalina recurvirostris White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., 
pt. ii, p. 140, pl. xxix, figs. 3-4. 


118 LAMELLIBRANCHS. 


Similar to M. swallowi but inequivalve, very much larger, 
heavier, and with the beaks incurved; surface with somewhat 
imbricated lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Myalina perattenuata Msnex & Haypsn. 


Myalina perattenuata Meek & Hayden, 1858: Trans. Albany Institute, 
vol. IV, p. 77. 

Myalina perattenuata Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. V, 
p. 582, pl. xxvi, fig. 11. 


Shell rather small, with sharp, protruding beaks, and 
broadly rounded posterior margin. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Myalina angulata Meex & WorTHEN. 


Myalina angulata Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 455. 

Myalina angulata Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 
300, pl. xxiii, figs. 7a-b. 


Shell quite large, with extended, compressed beaks, and 
subalate dorsum. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
_limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). 





Myalina subquadrata SHUMARD. 
Plate xliv, figs. la-b and 2a-b. 


Myalina subquadrata Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rept., 
p..207, pl. Gy fig iy, 

Myalina subquadrata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 27, 
tab. iii, figs. 25-26. 

Myalina subquadrata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 202, pl. 
iv, fig. 12; and pl. ix, fig. 6. 

Myalina subquadrata White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., 
pt. ii, p. 140, pl. xxix, figs. 1-2. 


Shell large, massive, oblong, somewhat higher than long, 
winged above the posterior umbonal slope. Hinge-line straight, 
as long as the greatest length of valves; below regularly 
curved; anterior border somewhat concave above; posterior 
margin nearly straight, vertical. Beaks terminal. Cardinal 





LAMELLIBRANCHS. 119 


area broad with well-defined furrows. Surface marked by fine 
concentric lines of growth and imbricated lamelle. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 


Myalina swallovi McCuesnery. 
Plate xliii, figs. 3a-c. 

Myalina swallovi McChesney, 1859: Dese. New Species Foss., p. 57. 
Myalina swallovi Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 

341, pl. xxvii, fig 1. 
Myalina swallovi McChesney, 1867: ‘I'rans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, 

p. 4, pl. ii, fig. 6. 
Ancella hausmanni Geinitz, 1866: Carb und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 25, tab. 

ii, fig. 8. (Not Goldfuss, 1834.) 
Myalina? swallovi Meek, 1875: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 201, pl. 

ix, figs. 7a-b. 
Myalina ? swallovi White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Report for 1883, p. 

141, pl. xxx, figs. 6,7, 8. 

Myalina swallovi Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acsd. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 232. 


Shell rather small, nearly or quite equivalve, modioliform 
or mytiloid, convex, or even subangular, along the umbonal 
slopes from the beaks to the anterior basal margin; posterior 
and postero-dorsal regions cuneate; cardinal border nearly 
straight, and about one-half the length of the valves, passing 
almost imperceptibly, or without any angularity, into the pos- 
terior margin, which rounds down with a semicircular curve to 
the narrowly rounded basal extremity; antero-basal border 
ascending obiiquely forward, more or less sinuous near the 
middle, or sometimes a little above, usually sweiling out into a 
kind of lobe or protuberance above the middle in front of the 
umbonal slope. This prominence sometimes extends a little 
beyond the beaks and varies more or less in breadth. Beaks 
smail, very oblique, not projecting beyond the cardinal margin, 
and located so near the anterior extremity as often to appear 
very nearly terminal. Surface rather smooth, but showing fine 
concentric lines, which in well-preserved specimens are some- 
times crossed by very fine, obscure traces of radiating stria- 
tions that curve upward on the posterior dorsal region. ( Meek.) 

Horizon and localities — Upper Carboniferous, Lower 
Coal Measures: Carbonier (Saint Louis county ); Upper Coal 
Measures: Richmond ( Ray county), Kansas City. 


120 - LAMELLIBRANOHS. 


Macrodon tenuistriatus Merk & WorTHEN. 


Arca striata Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 20, tab.i . 
fig. 32. (Not Mytilites striatus, Schlotheim, 1819.) 

Macrodon tenuistriatus Meek & Worthen, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., 
VOlodL, Dyas 

Macrodon tenuistriatus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p.207, pl. 
x, figs. 20a-b. 
Shell small, rhombic oblong, rather distinctly convex, 

along the umbonal slopes, and near the front a little nore than 

twice as long as high; basal and cardinal margins parallel; 


the former nearly straight, or somewhat sinuous near the mid- 


dle; cardinal margin straight, not quite equaling the greatest: 


antero-posterior diameter; anterior side rounding up from be- 


low so as to meet the hinge nearly at right angles; posterior _. 


basal margin narrowly rounded; posterior margin obliquely 
truncated, often a little sinuous above; dorsal region behind 
the umbonal slope compressed; beaks convex, a little flattened, 
incurved, and rising somewhat above the hinge margin, located 
about half-way between the middle and the front; flanks broadly 
impressed or concave from the umbonal regions obliquely back- 
ward to the faintly sinuous part of the base; cardinal area un- 
known; posterior linear teeth about three; surface ornamented 
with distinct. marks of growth crossed by radiating markings, 
which on the compressed posterior dorsal region form rather 
well-defined radiating lines; anteriorly, however, these diminish 
in size so as to become very minute or scarcely visible, crowded, 
obsolescent striz. ( Meek.) 

Horizon and localities. Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Macrodon obsoletus MEsgk. 
Plate xlvi, fig. 1. 
Macrodon obsoletus Meek, 1871: Rep. Reg. Univ. West Virginia, p. 5. 
Macrodon obsoletus Meek, 1875: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. If, p. 334, pl. 
Kix ste 9: 
Macrodon obsoletus Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila, p. 249. 
Shell considerably larger than UM. tenuistriatus, and with the 


radiating lines poorly defined or absent. 





LAMELLIBRANCHS, 121 


Horizon and /ocalities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 

The bivalve under consideration was originally described 
from the Appalachian region, where it appears to be rather 
widely distributed through Pennsylvania, West Virginia and 
Ohio. It has only recently been recognized west of the Mis- 
sissippi river. The wéstern shells are somewhat larger than 
those from the eastern localities, but do not differ essentially 
from the typical forms of the genus. Meek’s type specimen 
was a good example, showing the specific characters perfectly. 


Macrodon sangamonensis ? WoRTHEN. 
Plate xlvi, fig. 2. 


Macrodon sangamonensis Worthen, 1890: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. VIII, p. 
123, pl. xxi, fig. 3. 


Similar to J/. obsoletus, but smaller, and with radiating ribs. 
Horizon and localities— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Nucula parva McCuEsney. 

Nucula parva McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss.,p. 54. _ 

Nucula parva McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 39, 
pl. ii, figs. 8a-c. 

Nucula parva Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 589, 
pl. xxvi, figs. Sa-b. 

Nucula purve Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei., Phil., p. 259. 

Nucula parva Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. XI, p. 29. 


A very small shell, differing from JV. ventricosa, not only 
in size, but in the long, posterior slope, and marked concentric 
lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Nucula ventricosa Hatt. 
Plats xlv, figs. 8a-b. 

Nucula ventricosa Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 716, pl. xxix, figs. 
4, 5a-b. 

Nucula ventricosa Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 204, pl. x, 
figs. 17a-c. 

Nucula ventricosa White, 1882: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Rept. for 1881, p. 

peat, pl. xlii, figs. 9, 10. 

Nucula ventricosa White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Rept. for 1883, p. 

146, pl. xxvii, figs. 9, 10. 


122 LAMELLIBRANCHS. 


Nucula ventricosa Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 233. 
Nucula ventricosa Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. XI, 

p. 29. 

Shell rather small, thick, subovoid, with the greatest 
breadth slightly in front of the middle; anterior margin short, 
straight, or a little concave, rather sharply rounded below; _ 
posterior end but slightly produced, somewhat narrowly 
rounded; basal margin broadly and regularly curved. Beaks 
well defined, and situated a little in front of the middle of the 
valves. Surface nearly smooth, with a few lines of growth 
plainly discernible. 

Florizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal 
Measures: Clinton (Henry county); Upper Coal Measures: 
Kansas City, Gentry (Gentry county). 


Nuculana bellistriata STEVENs. 
Plate xlv, figs. 4a-b. 

Leda bellistriata Stevens, 1858: Am. Jour. Sci.,(2), vol. XXV, p. 261. 

Leda bellistriata Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 717, pl. xxix, figs. 
6a-d. 

Nucula kazanensis Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 20, tab. i, 
figs. 33-34 (Not WV. kazanensis de Verneuil, 1845.) 

Nuculana bellistriata, var. attenuata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, 
p. 206, pl. x, figs. lla-b. 

Nuculana bellistriata White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Rep. 1883, p. 146, 
pl. xxxi, figs. 8-9. 

Nuculana bellistriata Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., p. 233. 

Nuculana bellistriata Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. XI, 
p. 89. 


Shell rather small, subovoid, extended behind; umbonal 
regions more or less ventricose, compressed posteriorly, with 
the umbonal slope quite angular; regularly rounded below and 
in front, attenuated behind. Cardinal border in front of the 
beaks arched; behind concave, a little elevated or ridged, leav- 
ing the umbonal slope more or less depressed in the middle. 
Beaks rather prominent. Surface marked by numerous well- 
defined concentric thread-like ribs, which are scarcely notice- 
able after passing the prominent umbonal carina. 

Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Gentry (Gentry county), Kansas City. 





LAMELLIBRANOHS. 123 


Yoldia subscitula ( Mrrx & HaypsEn). 


Leda subscitula Meek & Hayden, 1858: Trans. Albany Inst., vol. LV, 
Dado. 

Yoldia subscitula Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pal. Upper Missouri, pt. i, p. 60, 
pl. ii, figs. 4a—b. 

Nucula ( Leda) subscitula ? Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, 
p. 22, tab. i, fig. 35. 

Yoldia subscitula Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 205, pl. x, 
fig. 10. 


A small, smooth shell, not unlike a N. bellistriata in gen- 
eral appearance, but without the attenuated posterior margin, 
and with crenate hinge. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Schizodus wheeleri (Swatiow). 
Plate xlvi, figs. 3a-c. 

Cydricardia wheelert Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad.Sci., vol. LI, 
p. 96. 

Schizodus obscurus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 20, tab. 
i, figs. 30, 31. (Not Sowerby, 1821.) 

Schizodus wheeleri Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 203, pl. x, 
figs. la-d. 

Schizodus wheeleri White, 1834: U.S. Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. 
Rep., pt. ii, p. 147, pl. xxx, figs. 3-5. 


Shell of medium size, longitudinally subovoid, moderately 
ventricose; regularly curved in front; narrow and obliquely 
truncated behind; evenly rounded below; cardinal border 
straight, inclined slightly backward. Beaks not prominent, 
situated midway between the anterior and middle of the valves} 
posterior umbonal slope rather well marked by a low rounded. 
ridge. Surface smooth, marked only by faint lines of growth 

Horizon and localitier,—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Schizodus harii MILuer. 
Plate xlvi, fig. 4. 


| Schizodus harit Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep, Adv. 
sheets, p. 91, pl. xx, figs. 1-3. 


Larger, shorter and heavier than S. wheeler. 
Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


124 LAMELLIBRANCHS. 


Schizodus? curtus Msex & WorTHEN. 


Schizodus rossicus Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sei., vol. IV Spy 
193. (Not S. rossicus de Verneuil. ) 


Schizodus curtus Meek & Worthen, 1865: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci, vol. 
I, p, 18. 

Schizodus rossicus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 18, tab. 
i, fig. 28. (Not S. rossicws de Verneuil.) 

Schizodus curtus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 208, pl. x, 


figs. l3a-e. 

A small suborbicular form, with nearly smooth surface. 

florizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 


Chonocardium sp. ? | 
A small form of this genus has been found in the ‘‘ white 
chert” layers near the base of the Burlington limestone, at 
Louisiana. The specimens are not now accessible. 


Conocardium parrishi WorrTnHen. 
Plate xlvi, figs. 6a-b. 
Conoacrdium parrishi Worthen, 1890: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. VIII, p. 112, 
plex ie 7, 
Shell trigonal, cardinal line straight; umbonal ridge slop- 
ing forward. Surface cosiate. 


Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Clinopistha radiata (Hatt). 
Plate xlvi, figs. lla-b. 
Edmondia radiata Hall, 1858: Geology [owa, vol. I, p. 716, pl. xxix, fig. 3. 


Clinopistha radiata Meek & Worthen, 1870: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 44. 


Clinopistha radiata var. levis Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 


vol. V, p. 384. pl. xxvii, fig. 7. 

Clinopistha radiata White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Rep. 1883, p. 147, pl. 
xxxi, figs. 6-7. 

Clinopisiha radiata Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila, p. 233. 

Clinopistha radiata Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. VI, 
p. 29. 


Shell subovate in outline, moderately convex ; beaks blunt; 
cardinal margin straight, slightly curved downward posteriorly. 
Surface glabrate, often with obscure radiating lines. 

Florizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Lower 
Coal Measures: Clinton (Henry county ). 





LAMELLIBRANCHS. 125 


Pleurophorus oblongus MEEK. 


Pleurophorus pallasi Geinitz, 1866: Carb.und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 23, tab. 
ii, fig. 4. (In part.) 

Pleurophorus oblongus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 212, pl. x, 
figs. 4a-c. 


Shell small, longitudinally oblong, about twice as long as 
high, moderately convex, particularly along the umbonal slopes 
from the beaks to the posterior basal margin, but without any 
detined angle or ridge there; cardinal margin nearly straight, 
and subparallel to the base, about equaling two-thirds the 
entire length of the valves; basal margin more or less distinctly 
sinuous near the middle, at the termination of a broad, oblique 
impression or concavity, extending from the anterior side of 
the beaks, under the umbonal slopes, to the lower margin ; 
anterior margin narrowly rounded below; posterior side much 
wider, rounded, or sometimes obliquely subtruncated above; 
beaks convex, very oblique, obtuse, located one-seventh to 
one-eighth the length of the valves behind the anterior extrem- 
ity; surface with apparently only fine concentric marks of 
growth; muscular impressions faintly marked; ridge behind 
the anterior one small; posterior lateral tooth slender and 
elongated. 


Horizon and localities—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Astartella vera Hatu. 
Plate xlvi, fig. 6. 

Astartella vera, Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 715, pl. xxix, figs. 3a-e. 
Astartella vera Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 250. 
Astartella vera Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars. vol. X[, p. 29. 

Shell subquadrate, with beaks somewhat elevated, situated 
over the anterior margin, which is regularly rounded; posterior 
margin truncated. Surface smooth, with concentric wrinkles 
and fine lines of growth; cardinal teeth stout. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal 
Measures: Clinton ( Henry county ). 


126 LAMELLIBRANCHS. 


Astartella concentrica ( McCuHeEsney ). 


Edmondia concentrica McChesney, 1859: Dese. New Species Foss. Pale. 
Rocks Western States, p. 55. 


Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal 
Measures: Charbonier (Saint Louis county ). 


Edmondia nuptialis WINcHELL. 
Plate xlvii, fig. 2. 
Edmondia nuptialis Winchell, 1863: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci:, Phila., p. 12. 
A rather small form, circular in outline, with the beaks 
rather well forward. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Lower Bar- 
lington limestone: Louisiana. 





Edmondia burlingtonensis Ware & WHITFIELD. 
Plate xlvii, fig. 8 


Edmondia burlingtonensis White & Whitfield, ]862: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 


Hist., vol. VIII. p. 301. 
Rather below medium size, elliptic in outline; hinge-line 
long, nearly straight; beaks set well toward the anterior end. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Lower Bur- 
lington limestone: Louisiana. 


Edmondia aspinwallensis MEEK. 
Plate xlvii, figs. la-b. 


Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek, 1871: U.8S.Geol. Sur. Terr. Wyoming, 

p. 299. 

Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 216, 
pl. iv, figs. 2a-c. 
-Edmondia aspinwallensis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. 

Rep., pt. ii, p. 148, pl. xxxi, figs. 4-5. 

Shell subovate, moderately ventricose; cardinal margin 
nearly straight, slightly curving downward posteriorly; beaks 
somewhat depressed, incurved, and situated toward the ante- 
rior. Surface smooth, with low, undulatory, concentric folds, 
and fine lines of growth. ; 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City. 





— 


LAMELLIBRANOHS. 127 


Edmondia subtruncata MEEK. 
Edmondia subtruncata Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 215, 
Beil; fig. 7. 
Closely approaching FH. aspinwallensis, but more subquad- 
rate in outline, and with the umbonal region more inflated. 
florizon and localities.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 


Edmondia glabra MEEK. 


Edmondia glabra Meek, 1872: U. S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 214, pl. x, 
figs. 7a-b. 


Quite small, with large beaks medially located. 
Horizon and localities—_Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Allorisma hannibalensis SHUMARD. 


Allorisma hannibalensis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., 
p. 206, pl. C, fig. 19. 


Closely resembling A. subcuneata, but very much smaller, 
and with prominent, concentric carine at broad intervals. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Louisiana 
( Lithographic) limestone: Hannibal. 


Allorisma marionensis WHirTs. 
Allorisma marionensis White, 1876: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 31. 
Allorisma marionensis White, 1883: U.S. Geol. Sur. Territories, 12th 
Ann. Rep., p. 167, pl. xli, figs. 3a-b. 
A miniature of A. subcuneata. 
florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Allorisma antiqua SwaLLlow. 


Allorisma antiqua Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, 
p. 95. 
A small form with prominent concentric wrinkles. 
Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve. 


128 LAMELLIBRANCHS. 


Allorisma costata Mssex & WorTHEN. 
Plate xlyi, fig. 12. 


Allorisma costata Meek & Worthen, 1869: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
Deelti. 

Allorisma costata Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. V, p. 
585, pl. xxvi, fig. 15. 


Shell small, elongate, length from two to three times the 
height: thin, convex in the umbonal regions; anterior margin 
short, evenly rounded; posterior end compressed, truncated. 
Surface ornamented by sharp, distant concentric ridges, which 
extend backward to the well-defined umbonal carine. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Allorisma topeKaensis (SHuMakRpD ). 


Leptodomus topekaensis Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
fps eles 


Very closely related to A. granosum, and perhaps identical 
with that species. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Allorisma granosum (SHUMARD). 
Leptodomus granosus Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
ae Ue 
pa ace i ae Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 220, pl. 

ii, fig. 33. 

Shell very thin; approaching an irregularly oblong form, the 
length being less than twice the height; very convex, the most 
gibbous part being near the middle of the valves; beaks 
prominent, incurved, somewhat flattened on the outside, and 
placed about half way between the middle and the front. Dor- 
sal margin straight behind the beaks and nearly parallel to the 
general outline of the base, inflected so as to form a distinct, 
flattened, lanceolate, lunule-like area, bounded on each side by 
a well-defined, sub-angular ridge; posterior side nearly or 
quite closed, obliquely truncated, with sometimes a faint sinu- 
osity near the middle; anterior side rather abruptly sloping 
forward, straightened above, and rounding into the base below, 





LAMELLIBRANCHS. 129 


near which it seems to be a little gaping; base somewhat 
straightened, or even a little sinuous in outline, just in front of 
the middle, at the termination of a broad, very shallow con- 
cavity extending obliquely downward and backward from the 
umbonal region; behind this rather prominent, thence ascend- 
ing obliquely, with a slightly convex outline, to the truncated 
posterior margin. Posterior umbonal slopes very prominently 
rounded above, and continued as a low, undefined ridge, ob- 
liquely backward and downward; posterior dorsal slope, above 
the umbonal ridge, with an oblique, shallow, rounded sulcus, 
extending from the back part of the beaks to the middle of the 
truncated margin behind. Surface marked with fine lines of 
growth and small, irregular, concentric wrinkles, which latter 
are not defined on the posterior dorsai region above the um- 
bonal ridge; crossing these are the usual radiating rows of 
minute granules. (Meek. ) 

Horizon and localitves.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Allorisma subcuneatum Meek & HaypeEn. 


Allorisma subcuneatum Meek & Hayden, 1858: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 263. 


Allorisma ensiformis Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 656. 
Allorisma subcuneatum Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pal. Upper Mo., p. 37, 

pl. i, figs. 10a-b. 

Allorisma subcuneatum Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 76. 
Allorisma subcuneatum Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 221, pl. 

ii, figs. 13a—b. 

Shell large, two or three times as long as high, with great- 
est breadth in front of the middle, gaping slightly behind. Up- 
per border nearly straight, fattened immediately behind the 
beaks so as to form along lanceolate area, with subangular 
margins; between these-angularities and the low, scarcely de- 
fined umbonal ridges there is a narrow, shallow depression in 
each valve. Basal margin nearly parallel to dorsal, slightly 
curved. Anterior border short, regularly rounded, a little gap- 
ing. Beaks large, prominent, incurved, and placed well for- 


G—10 


130 LAMELLIBRANOHS. 


ward. Surface marked only by low concentric folds and fine 
lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities —U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Solenopsis solenoides (Gern17z ). 
Clidophorus solenoides Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 25, 

tab. ii, fig. 7. 

Solenopsis solenoides Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur Nebraska, p. 223, pl. x, 

fig. 3. 

Shell small, rather compressed, elongated, the length be- 
ing about four times the height, narrowing posteriorly; cardi- 
nal margin nearly straight, erect, less than the entire length of 
the valves, with a faint external compression or shallow furrow 
just below it; basal margin broadly convex in outline, the most 
prominent part being in advance of the middle; beaks much 
depressed and compressed, or scarcely distinct from the car- 
dinal margin, placed within about one-eighth the entire length 
of the shell from the anterior extremity, and defined in front by 
a short vertical indentation ; anterior side narrowly rounded, or 
with the upper side sometimes faintly truncated, with a slight 
slope from the little indentation forward. Surface with fine, 
regular strie of growth, which are nearly or quite obsolete, 
excepting on the lower half of the valves. 

FTorizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Chzenomya minnehaha (Swattow ). 


Allorisma minnehaha Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 

Aira Se akan Meek & Hayden, 1864: Pal. Upper Mo., p. 43. 

Chenomya minnehaha Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 217, 
pl. ii, figs. 13a-b. 

Shell of medium size, obliquely elliptic in outline, ventri 
cose; anterior border rather sharply rounded above; posterior 
margin truncated, narrowly curved below, gaping broadly; 
cardinal border curved. Beaks rather prominent, depressed, 
somewhat incurved, and well forward. Posterior umbonal 


slopes prominent. 





LAMELLIBRANCHS. 131 


Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
-Measures: Kansas City. 


Chzenomya leavenworthensis (Mek & HaypEn). 


Allorisma leavenworthensis Meek & Hayden, 1858: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 265. 

Chenomya leavenworthensis Meek, 1864: Pal. Upper Missouri, p. 43, pl. ii, 
figs. la-c. 

Cheenomya leavenworthensis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Nebraska, p. 216, pl. 
ii, fig. 9. 
Somewhat smaller than C. minnehaha, and having the beaks 

set farther back than in that species. 
Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City. 


Cardiomorpha triangulata SwWaLLow. 


Cardiomorpha triangulaia Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 
vol. I, p. 655. 


Somewhat larger than C. missouriensis, and more triangular 
in outline. 

Horizon and localitiés —Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
(Kinderhook ) limestone: Cooper county. 


Cardiomorpha missouriensis SHUMARD. 

Cardiomorpha missouriensis Shumard, 1858: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 

vol. I, p. 207. 

Shell small, like an Allorisma in general appearance, but 
having larger umbonal regions. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal 
Measures: Charboniere (St. Louis county ), Lexington (Lafay- 
ette county ). 


Spurious and Doubtful Species. 


Allorisma cuneata Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., voi. I, 
p 210. Coal Measures: Lexington. Not recognizable. 

Allorisma lata Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 650. 
Coal Measures: Lexington. Cannot be identified. 

Aviculopecten williamsi Meek, 1871: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 178. 
Chouteau limestone: Chouteau Springs. Cannot be identified. 
Cardinia occidentalis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 

p. 665. Chouteau limestone’: Cooper county. Not recognizable. 


132 LAMELLIBRANCHS. 


Cardium lexingtonensis Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 206. Coal Measures: Lexington. Poorly defined. 

Cypricardinella gorbyi Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann, Rept., 
Adv. sheets, p. 92. Keokuk limestone: Boonville. Probably synon- 
ymous with species already described. ’ 

Cypricardia plicatula Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 205. Coal Measures: Platte county. Cannot be recognized. 

Cypricardia pikensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, 
p. 95. Coal Measures: Pike county. Poorly defined. 

Cypricardia occidentalis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
Il, p. 96. Not recognizable. 

Cypricardia chouteauensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 
vol. If, p. 96. Chouteau limestone: Cooper county. Described 
insufficiently. 

Edmondia marionensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 
654. Chouteau limestone: Coopercounty. Cannot be identified. 

Grammysia blairi Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., Adv. 
sheets, p. 93. Chouteau limestone: Sedalia. Probably identical 
with forms already described. : 

Tsocardia curta Shumard, 1858: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acsd. Sci., vol. I, p. 
206. Coal Measures: Charboniere. Cannot be recognized. 

Macrodon micronema Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 261. Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve county. Can- 
not be recognized. 

Pernopecten sedaliensis Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., 
Adv. sheets, p. 98. Chouteau limestone: Sedalia. Too imperfect 
for recognition. 

Solen missouriensis Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 655 Poorly defined. 





Cr AP UR Re XiiT. 


GASTEROPODS. 


Dentalium primarium Hatt. 
Dentalium primarium Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 666, pl. xxxiii, 
fig. 16. 
Shell large, stout, nearly straight; surface smooth. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Warsaw ( Illinois ). 


Dentalium missouriense SwaLLow. 
Dentalium missouriense Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
Il, p. 99. i 
Shell rather large, thin, slightly curved, and marked with 
small longitudinal ribs. 
Horizon and localities.—ULower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). 


Dentalium meekianum GkgInNITz. 


Dentalium meekianum Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyasin Nebraska, p. 13, t. 
i, fig. 20. 

Dentalium meekianum Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, 
p. 590, pl. xxix, figs. 8a-c. 

Dentalium meekianum Keyes, 1838: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 234. 

Dentalium meekianum Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei., Phila., p. 251. 


Shell rather small, curved, sabcylindrical, ornamented by 
numerous fine oblique lines. 

Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 

In the Carboniferous rocks of the Mississippi basin, four 
distinct types of Dentalium are recognized. The first has the 
surface ornamentation composed of a series of ridges trans- 


134 GASTEROPODS. 


verse to the axis of the shell, forming well-defined annula- 
tions, as in D. annulostriatum Meek & Worthen. The second 
has the coste much less prominent, and arranged obliquely or 
spirally, as in the species under consideration. A third type 
has the ridges running longitudinally, as is rather imperfectly 
shown in D. subleve Hall; and as is well seen in the type of 
the genus D. elephantinum Linneeus. The fourth variety has a 
perfectly smooth surface, asin D. venustum Meek & Worthen. 


Pleurotomaria sedaliensis MILLER, 


Pleurotomaria sedaliensis Miller, 1891:.Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., 
Adv. sheets, p. 83, pl. xiv, fig. 13. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook 
limestone: Sedalia. 


Pleurotomaria lens (HA zt). 
Euomphalus lens Hall, 1860: 13th Ann. Reg. Rep. Univ. New York, p. 

109. 

Straparollus lens Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. [I, p. 

159, pl. xiv. figs. 7a-b. 

Shell of medium size, lenticular, like P. illinoiensis in general 
shape, but with the spire slightly more elevated, Volutions 
about four in number, the last sharply rounded around the 
periphery ; convex below. 

Llorizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
(Kinderhook ) limestone: Moniteau county. 


Pleurotomaria montezuma WoORTHEN 
Pleurotomaria montezuma Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VII, 
ys isnnia montezuma Worthen, 1891: Geol. Sur. Dlinois, vol. VIII, 

Dyes Dl. xxiv, fp 2s . 

Shell very large, turbinate; apical portions considerably | 
elevated. Volutions about four in number, rapidly increasing 
in size toward the aperture; the upper ones strongly convex, 
the last more or less flattened above and below, forming a 
rather well-marked angularity around the periphery. Aperture 
obliquely ovate. Surface ornamented by prominent, revolving 
carine, of which seven or eight traverse the whorls above the 





GASTEROPODS. 135 


periphery, and from twelve to fifteen below; the spaces be- 
tween the ridges are shallow and regularly concave from crest 
to crest; crossing these are numerous fine undulating lines of 
growth. 

Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Burling- 
ton limestone: Hannibal. 

W orthen’s original description of this shell was based upon 
a very imperfect specimen, and was unaccompanied by illus- 
trations of any kind ; and it was not until more than eight years 
afterward that suitable figures of the form appeared. Were 
not the shell such a striking species, so different and so easily 
distinguished from all other forms of the genus, it would hardly 


be regarded as unjust to ignore altogether, the name given by 
Worthen. 


Pleurotomaria subcarbonaria sP. Nov. 
Plate xlix, fig. 2. 
Shell small, closely resembling an immature specimen of 
P. carbonaria. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Louisiana ( Pike county); Kinderhook beds: Bur- 
lington (Iowa). 


Pleurotomaria turbiniformis Mgesk & WorrTHEN. 
Plate xlviii, figs 6a-b. 


Pleurotomaria bicarinata McChesney, 1860: New Pal. Foss., p. 90. (Not 

Sowerby, 1818, nor de Koninck, 1843, nor Munster, 1844.) 
Pleurotomaria turbiniformis Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Phila., p. 461. 

Pleurotomaria turbiniformis Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 

{I, p. 359, pl. xxviii, figs. 8a-c. 

Pleurotomaria turbiniformis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. 

Rep., pt. ii, p. 160, pl. xxxii, figs. 7-8. 

Shell rather above medium size, top-shaped, about as high 
as wide; spire occupying less than half the height; whorls 
five to six in number, sharply angular around the periphery, 
obliquely flattened above, slightly convex below, and curving 
gently into the small umbilicus; band very narrow; aperture 


obliquely subquadrate; surface marked by strong transverse 


136 GASTEROPODS. 


lines on the upper side of the whorls, crossed by about twenty 
longitudinal lines; band bordered on each side by a sharp 
ridge; lower half of whorls ornamented only by obscure revolv- 
ing lines and lines of growth. 





Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Oper Coal . - 


Measures: Kansas City. 


Pleurotomaria subscalaris Mrek & WorTHEN. 
Pleurotomaria subscalaris Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Scl., 

Phila., p. 460. 

Pleurotomaria subscalaris Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. 

II, p. 360, pl. xxviii, figs. 10a-b. 

Closely resembling P. tabulata, differing apparently chiefly 
in the absence of the crenulated periphery. 

Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 

Meek & Worthen’s type specimen was considerably water- 
worn or eroded, and consequently the apical parts: and the 
sharp peripheral edge is rounded somewhat. The form may be, 
therefore, an old individual of P. tabulata, with the sharp out- 
lines and crenulations obliterated. 


Pleurotomaria missouriensis (SwaALLow). 
Plate xlviii, tig. 3a-b. 


Trochus missouriensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 657. 
Pleurotomaria missouriensis Miller, 1877: Cat. Am. Pal. Foss., p. 159. 


Shell very large, trochiform, with highly ornamented sur- 
face. 

florizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 


Pleurotomaria coxana Merk & WoRTHEN. 


Pleurotomaria coxana Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 272. 

Pleurotomaria coxana Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, 
p. 600, pl. xxviii, figs. 15a-b. 


Shell very large, obliquely conical, much longer than wide; 
Spire occupying over half the length. Whorls about seven in 
number, obtusely angular at the periphery, obliquely flattened 


GASTEROPODS. 137 


above, broadly rounded below; peripheral margin elevated 
above the suture, which is strongly defined; umbilicus small. 
Aperture large, subquadrate. Surface smooth, marked by 
small regular lines of growth. 

florizon and localities 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 





Pleurotomaria valvatiformis Mex & WorTHEn. 
Pleurotomaria valvatiformis Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Phila., p. 273. 

Pleurotomaria valvatiformis Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. V, p. 602, pl. xxix, figs. 9a-b. 
Pleurotomaria valvairformis Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 

p. 254. 

Shell very small, about twice as wide’as long. Whorls 
about four in number, rather rapidly increasing in size; very 
regularly convex; suture deep; umbilicus minute; aperture 
circular in outline, flattened somewhat on the inner side; sur- 
face marked by fine revolving lines. ' 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 

The form under consideration is the smallest of the group 
yet observed in the Mississippi basin. Thespecies has a much 
wider geographic distribution than has hitherto been sus- 
pected, but owing to its small size has usually escaped obser- 
vation. It has been reported from Macoupin county, Illinois, 
and from Polk county, Iowa. 


Pleurotomaria speciosa Mrerk & WorTHEN. 
Pleurotomaria speciosa Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci., 

Phila., p. 459. 

Pleurotomaria speciosa Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Jllinois, vol. If, 

p. 352, pl. xxviii, figs. 5a-ce. 

Shell rather below medium size, conical, about as long as 
broad. Whorls about seven in number, the last as long as 
the spire, obliquely flattened above and angular toward the 
top; periphery sharp, convex below, with a very obtuse angu- 
larity passing around the middle; suture deep. Aperture sub- 
quadrate. Surface marked by. filiform revolving lines, about 


138 GASTEROPODS. 


six of which occupy the area above the peripheral band, two 
or three’ the median flattened area, about twelve the under 
side; the peripheral band is also crenulated, These are crossed 
by fine lines parallel to the striations of growth, every fourth 
one of which is much stronger than the others. 

Horizon and localities— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Pleurotomaria coniformis WortTHEN. 
Pleurotomaria conoides Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 

Philas pals. 

Pleurotomaria conoides Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. V, 

p. 603, pl. xxviii, figs. la-c. 

Pleurotomaria coniformis Worthen, 1882: Illinois St. Mus. Nat. Hist., 

Bul. 1, p. 38. 

Shell quite small, gonical, somewhat higher than wide. 
Whorls five in number, obliquely flattened parallel to the slope 
of the spire, the lower margins projecting a little beyond the 
upper edges of the succeeding volutions, angular at the peri- 
phery, flattened below, and rapidly curving toward the center 
into a small umbilicus. Aperture rhombic in outline; inner 
margin nearly straight and parallel to the axis of the shell be- 
low, abruptly turning outward at the base. Peripheral. band 
rather narrow, bordered on each side by a small sharp ridge, 
which passes around thespire just above the suture. Surface 
matked on the upper half of the whorls by small, oblique, 
slightly curving lines, which on the lower side are less promi- 
nent, and resemble lines of growth. 

. Horizon and localities —_Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwoop & PRATTEN. 


Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood & Pratten, 1855: Jour. Acad. Nat. 
Sei., Phila., (2), vol. Il], p. 75, pl: ix, fig.:8. 

Pleurotomaria carbonaria Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 
239. 

Pleurotomaria carbonaria Keyes, 1891: Proce Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 
253 . 

Pleurotomaria harii Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rept., 
pl. xiv, figs. 3-4. 





v4 


GASTEROPODS. 139 


Shell of medium size, subglobose; whorls five to six in num- 
ber, regularly rounded. Aperture subcircular. Surface orna- 
mented by twenty to thirty sharp, revolving carine, with 
broadly rounded, concave furrows between; these are crossed 
by fine, sharply defined lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 

The original specimens of this species are from Williamson 
county, Illinois. A very similar form has been described from 
Newport, Indiana, under the name P. newportensis. Apparently 
the only difference ascribed is that it has the revolving band 
raised instead of depressed. Further comparisons may show, 
eventually, this character varietal rather than specific. This 
suggestion seems all the more plausible since many individu- 
als which are unquestionably P. carbonaria have the band 
scarcely sunk below the general surface. The various exam- 
ples of the species under discussion vary considerably in 
height; and Miller’s recently described P. harii is merely one 
of the more depressed phases. 


Pleurotomaria illinoisensis WortuHEN. 


Pleurotomaria depressa Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. III, p. 569, 
pl. viii, figs. 10-10a. (Not Passy, 1832.) 

Pleurotomaria illinoisensis Worthen, 1884: Illinois St. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
Bor 2. p. 4. 
Pleurotomaria modesta Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 238, 

pl. xii, figs. 2a-b. 
Pleurotomaria kentuckensis Miller, 1890: N. A. Geol. and Pal., p. 421. 
Pleurotomaria illinoisensis Worthen, 1891: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, 
p. 1385, pl. xxiii, figs. 6-6b. 
Pleurotomaria modesta Keyes, 1891: Proc Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 252- 


Shell small, lenticular; spire greatly depressed; volutions 
about six in number, obliquely flattened above; body-whorl 
large, rapidly increasing in size, sharply angular on the periph- 
ery, flattened or even slightly concave above, broadly rounded 
below; suture very slightly impressed; peripheral band not 
well defined, and on the spire still more obscured by a single 
series of prominent nodes; aperture subquadrate; umbil- 
cate region slightly impressed, but not perforated; surface 
glabrate, but showing fine lines of growth under a magnifying 


140 GASTERUPODS. 


glass. <A series of small transverse folds or wrinkles is quite 
conspicuous toward the inner margin of the outer whorl; each 
fold appears to originate at a distinct node, and extends about 
one-half to two-thirds the distance to the periphery. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- 
ures: Clinton (Henry county), Knob Noster (Johnson 
county ), Kansas City. 

The species under consideration is widely distributed 
through the Lower Coal Measures of the continental interior, 
having been first recognized in 1857, by Cox, who figured it as 
Pleurotomaria depressa. This term had been used, however, 
previously. Nothing more was heard of the shell for more than 
thirty years, when it was found in the vicinity of Des Moines, 
Iowa, and renamed P. modesta, inasmuch as Cox’s name had been 
pre-occupied. Two years later, Miller rechristened the form 


Pleurotomaria kentuckyensis. In the meanwhile Wortben re- 


ported a shell from Mercer county, Illinois, under the name of P. 
illinoisensis, giving at the same timea very meager description 
and no figures. Finally, in 1891 the eighth volume of the Illi- 
nois survey appeared, in which was given a figure of Worthen’s 
shell, leaving but little doubt that it is identical with the form 
first noted by Cox. 


Pleurotomaria perhumerosa MEEK. 
Plate xlviii, fig 5. 
Pleurotomaria perhumerosa Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 232. 
pl. iv, figs. 13a-b. 

Shell of medium size; volutions four to six in number, 
expanding moderately from the apex; the body-whorl some- 
what produced below; all the turns with a pronounced revolv- 
ing angularity, above which is arather broad, flattened area 
sloping outward and downward from the suture. Suture well 
marked. Aperture rather large, oval, with two angularities 
above. Surface glabrate, with fine lines of growth, and often 
a few low, rounded elevations running parallel to the angularity 
near the periphery. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 





GASTEROPODS. 141 


Pleurotomaria sphezerulata Conrap. 


Pleurotomaria spherulata Conrad, 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci , Phila., vol. 

Motte. 272, ply xvi, fig. 12. 

Pleurotomaria coronula Hall, 1852: Stanbury’s Exped. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 413, 
pl. iv, figs. 4f, 6a-d. 
Pleurotomariu, spherulata Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 722, pl. 

xxix, fig. 13. 

Pleurotomaria spherulata White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th. Ann. 

Rep , pt. ii, p. 151, pl. xxxii, figs. 152 and 153. 

Pleurotomaria spherulata Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 

253. 

Pleurotomaria spherulata Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. 

le 20. 

Shell of medium size, subturbinate; spire more or less 
depressed, with nearly straight sides; volutions about six in 
number, rather sharply rounded at the periphery; outer lip 
with a broad and deep notch. Surface glabrate, except along 
the suture, where there is a single row of rather conspicuous 
tubercles; a few indistinct lines of growth are also often dis- 
cernible. 


Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. . 


Pleurotomaria grayvillensis Norwoop & PRaTrEn. 
Pleurotomaria grayvillensis Norwood and Pratten, 1855: Jour. Acad. Nat. 

Seren. VOl-LILS py. 7), pl. ix, fig. 7. 

Pleurotomaria grayvillensis Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyasin Nebraska, 

p: 9, tab. i, fig. 9. 

Pleurotomaria grayvillensis Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 233, 
piexi, fig. 9: 
- Pleurotomaria grayvillensis Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 

p. 238. 

Shell rather small, conical, subovate, longer than wide; 
spire moderately elevated; volutions five to seven, obliquely 
flattened above. Body-whorl large, rapidly increasing in size, 
rounded below; biangular around the periphery, both angles 
being visible on the spire. Aperture subrhombic ; outer mar- 
gin sharp. Columella somewhat extended below. Surface 
ornamented by from 25 to 40 revolving lines, of which 20 or 


more occupy the inferior surface of the last turn; some of the 


142 GASTEROPODS. 


lines much more pronounced than others, and a more or less 
regular alternation of the more prominent ones with the sec- 
ondary raised striw#; these are crossed by numerous regular 
lines of growth, giving a more or less tuberculate character, 
which is most conspicuous toward the suture. 

Horizon and localities. Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal 
Measures: Kansas City, Pleasant Hill ( Cass county ). 


Pleurotomaria tabulata (ConrapD). 


Turbo tabulata Conrad, 1835: Trans. Geol. Soc. Penn., vol. I, p. 267, 
Divseil iw eck. 

Pleurotomaria tabulata Conrad, 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 
VIII, p. 272. | 

Pleurotomaria tabulata Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 721, pl. xxix, 
figs. 12a—b. ‘ 

Pleurotomaria tabulata White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., 
pt..ii jp. 160, ‘plo xxi ips s be 


Shell rather above medium size, subconical, with the spire 
considerably elevated; volutions eight in number, sharply 
angular around the periphery, which is finely crenulated ; from 
this prominent median carina, the outer surface is straight, or 
slightly concave, to the suture above and below; suture well 
defined; umbilicus closed; columellar lip but slightly thick- 
eneu. Aperture subcircular, flattened posteriorly, and quite 
angular on each side; outer lip distinctly notched. Surface 
ornamented by numerous fine, revolving, very narrow ridges; 
these are crossed by lines of growth, which abruptly bend at 
the peripheral angle. 

Hlorizon and localities. —U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 

Pleurotomaria brazoensis SHUMARD. 
Plate xlviii, figs. 2a-b. 


Pleurotomaria brazcensis Shumard, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 
vol. I, p. 624. 

Pleurotomaria brazoensis Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, 
p. 354, pl. xxviii, figs. la-d. 

Pleurotomaria brazoensis Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 
237. 


Shell rather small, trochiform; spire occupying about one- 
half the entire length. Whorls six in number, obliquely flat- 


: rs 
4 


GASTEROPODS. 143 


tened above; very slightly convex below, with a prominent 
bicarinate peripheral prominence. On the apical portions only 
the upper of the two carine is elevated above the sutural line, 
near which is a thickened, subangular, more or less obscurely 
nodose ridge. Aperture somewhatrhombic inshape. Surface 
marked by a score or more of minute, filiform, revolving lines, 
of which twelve to fourteen are anterior to the peripheral 
edge; these are crossed by small transverse coste. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal 
Measures: Clinton (Henry county). 

The specimens examined do not present much variation. 
The two peripheral carinz are nearly equal, and between them 
is located the concave band of the sinus. The whorls are 
ornamented by sixteen or seventeen straight, filiform lines, 
nine below the lower carina, upon which there are two thread- 
like elevations; three above the upper carina, upon which 
there are two or three lines, and asingle line on the sinal band. 
Crossing the small revolving ridges are numerous well-marked 
equidistant transverse lines, which give to the whole ornamen- 
tation a characteristic cancellated appearance. Between, and 
parallel to, these transverse raised striw are also from three 
to six microscopic, yet sharp and distinct raised strie. 

Meek and Worthen refer, with a query, to Shumard’s 
species, a form from Macoupin county, Illinois, having about 
twenty-five revolving lines (twelve of which occupy the lower 
side of the body-whorl), instead, of thirteen or fourteen, as 
ascribed by Shumard to this species. Shumard says: “Sur- 
face of volutions ornamented with from thirteen to fourteen 
rather strong filiform strive, which are crossed by sharp trans- 
verse strive.” If by this he intends to convey the idea that 
this is the entire number of lines, including those on the under 
side of the body-whorl, Meek and Worthen remark that they 
“should scarcely entertain a doubt in regard to our [ their | 
Shell being a distinct species, since it uniformly has about 
double that number of revolving striz on the last whorl.” 


144 GASTEROPODS. 


Pleurotomaria monilifera ( WuiITE ). 


Naticopsis monilifera White, 1883: U. S. Geol. and Geog. Sur. Ter., 

‘I'welfta Ann. Rep,. p. 168, pl. xlii, figs. 3a-c. 

Shell rather below medium in size, subglobose; spire 
short, blunt; whorls five to six in number, the last very large; 
last two volutions with a prominent row of rounded tubercles 
along the sutural lines; surface otherwise smooth and polished. 
Aperture subovate; inner lip callous; outer one thin, with 
a somewhat bending margin. | 

Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Pleasant Hill, Kansas City. 

It is quite manifest, after an examination of the type speci- 
men, that the shell described by White as Naticopsis monilifera 
does not properly belong to Naticopsis as now understood. 
And although the peripheral band has not as yet been made 
out with absolute certainty, it seems very probable that this 
form actually is amember of one of the sections of Pleurotoma- 
ria, along with P. sphwrulata and others. 


Pleurotomaria broadheadi Wuitz. 
Plate xlviii, figs. la-b. 
. Pleurotomaria broadheadi White, 1883: U.S8. Geol. and Geog. Sur.. Ter. 

Twelfth Ann. Rep., p. 169, pl. xlii, figs la-b. 

Shell large, sub-globose; spire elevated, occupying nearly 
half the length; volutions six or seven, the last comparatively 
large; peripheral band quite narrow and obscure. Aperture 
somewhat ovate, slightly angular anteriorly: inner lip thin; 
outer labrum curved. Surface ornamented by 35 to 40 de- 
pressed revolving lines. 

Horizon and localities—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City, Clinton (Henry county), 


GASTEROPODS. 145 


Murchisonia melaniaformis SHUMARD. 
Plate xlix, fig. 3. 


Murchisonia melaniaformis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., 
see evs. pl. O, fig. 13. 


Shell rather small, slender, composed of about ten whorls, 
which are gently convex; suture moderately impressed. Ap- 
erture subovate, slightly angular behind, surface smooth. 

Horizon and localities — Cambrian limestone: Moselle 
(Franklin county ). 


‘Murchisonia major Hatt. 
Plate xlix, figs. 5a-b. 
Murchisonia major Hall, 1851: Geol. Lake Superior Dist., vol. II, p. 209, 
pl. xxvi, fig 1. : 
Murchisonia bellicincta Owen, 1852: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, lowa and Min- 

nesota, tab. ii, fig. 8. (Not Hall, 1847.) 

Murchisonia major Whitfield, 1882: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, vol. LV, p. 

244, pl. ix, fig. 4. 

Shell large, robust, terete; volutions eight to ten in num- 
ber, strongly convex, with the suture deeply impressed. Aper- 
ture subovate. Surface smooth in Missouri specimens. 

Horizon and localities—WUower Silurian, Trenton lime- 
stone: McCune ( Pike county ). 

While there is no doubt as to the identity of this form as 
found in Missouri, and the shells long ago found by Owen in 
northeastern Lowa, it is not at all likely that any of these spe- 
cimens are the same which Hall described from New York 
under the name of WM. bellicincta. 


Murchisonia carinifera SHumarp. 


Murchisonia bicincta Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 177, pl. xxxviii, 

tigs. 5a-b. (Not McCoy, 1841.) 

Murchisonia carinifera Shumard, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. LI, 

p. 106. 

Murchisonia milleri Hall, 1877: Miller’s Pal. Foss., p. 244. 

Shell of medium size, somewhat conical, spire rather short ; 
volutions four to six in number, with a prominent median ear- 
ina, below which is a second more or less obscure angularity ; 
above and below the peripheral elevation the whorls are con- 

G—11 . 


146 GASTEROPODS,. 


siderably flattened; suture rather deeply impressed; aperture 
subcircular, and somewhat angular in front. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Silurian, Trenton limestone: 


Glencoe (St. Louis county ). 

This shell, usually found through the continental interior, 
occurs as natural internal casts. In both the shell and the cast 
the secondary revolving angularity, a short distance below the 
periphery, is frequently not apparent; in other individuals it is 
barely noticeable, but in the majority of specimens it is more 
or less well marked. 

There is scarcely any hesitancy in referring Hall’s forms 
and the specimens described by Shumard as WM. carinifera to 
one and the same species. Unfortunately Hall’s name was pre- 
occupied by McCoy, in 1844, and it becomes necessary to adopt 
Shumard’s term for this shell, though Hall, in 187:, re- 
christened the species. The specimens used by Shumard in 
his description were, in all probability, natural casts; yet the 
Missouri localities also furnish well- Pe shells, showing all 
the structural characters. 


Murchisonia gracilis Hat. 


Murchisonia gracilis Hall, 1847: Pai. New York, vol. I, p. 180, pl. xxxix, 
figs. 4a-c. 


Shell small, very slender, with evenly rounded whorls. 
Surface smooth, showing only the peripheral band and fine lines 
of growth. 

TTovizon and localities.—Silurian, Trenton limestone: Mce- 
Cune station ( Pike county). 


Murchisonia terebra WHITE. 
Plate xlix, fig. 4. 


Murchisonia terebra White, 1883: U.S. Geol. Sur. Terr., 12th Ann, 
. Rep., p. 139, pl. xxxiv, fig. 4. 


Shell very long and slender; whorls numerous, angulated 


around the periphery. 
FTlorizon and localities —Upper Ganomerens Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City. 


GASTEROPODS. 147 


Bellerophon bilobatus ? Sowersy. 
Plate li, fig. 2. 


Bellerophon bilobatus Sowerby, 1839: Murchison’s Sil. Syst., p. 643. 
Bellerophon bilobatus Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 184. 


Shell of medium size, rather rapidly expanding to the aper- 
ture. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- 
stone: Glencoe (St. Louis county ). 


Bellerophon panneus WHITE. 
Plate 1, fig. 6. 
Bellerophon panneus White, 1862: Proc. Bo3ton Soc. Nat. Hist , vol. LX, 
<r De 

Pe hon panneus Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 297. 

Shell globose, composed of about four volutions, all of 
which are visible in the rather small, very deep umbilici; per- 
iphery somewhat flattened, with a very prominent longitudinal 
carina; the surface marked by sharp, equidistant cost pass- 
ing transversely across the whorls from the large median ridge ; 
transverse elevations somewhat undulating and irregular, and 
bending forward slightly as they leave the central prominence ; 
finer lines of growth are also visible between the coste. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook 
beds: Burlington (lowa); apparently fragments also of this 
species from Hannibal. 


Bellerophon bilabiatus Warte & WHITFIELD, 


Plate 1, fig. 8. 


Bellerophon bilabiatus White & Whitfield, 1862: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 
Hist., vol. VILI, p. 304. 
Bellerophon bilabiatus Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 297. 


The deeply and broadly emarginate lip, the nearly glabrate 
surface and a sharp, narrow, median carina readily distinguish 
this form from the associated species of the genus. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- 
hook group: Chouteau Springs; Burlington limestone: Lou- 
isiana. 


148 GASTEROPODS. 


Bellerophon sublzevis Haru. 


Bellerophon sublevis Hall, 1856: ‘Trans. Albany Inst.,vol. LV, p. 32. 

Bellerophon sublevis Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 666, pl. xxiii, 
figs. 15a-e. 

Bellerophon sublevis Whitfield, 1882: Bul. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. I, p. 
89, pl. viii, figs. 6-7. 

Bellerophon sublevis Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Ann. Rep., p. 371, pl. 
xxxi, figs. 6-7. 

Bellerophon sublevis White, 1882: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 11th Ann. Rep., p. 
359, pl. xl, figs. 5-7. 


Shell rather small, globose, gradually and regularly ex- 
panding to the aperture; umbilicus closed. Aperture trans- 
versely reniform, sinus moderately deep; outer lip thin toward 
the middle, greatly thickened at the sides ; inner lip but slightly 
developed. Surface marked only by fine, even lines of growth. 

Horizon and lecalities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Bellerophon bellus Sp. nov. 
Plate 1, fig. 7. 

Shell subglobose, expanding rapidly at the aperture, which 
is somewhat reniform, with the lip reflected at the sides. Sur- 
face marked by a rather prominent, longitudinal carina along the 
median portion of the shell; strong transverse ridges parallel 
to the lines of growth pass from one umbilical region to the 
other; these are crossed by less prominent longitudinal lines, 
the two sets forming a beautiful cancellated area. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 


\ 


Bellerophon marcouanus GBsInNITz. 
Plate li; fig, 3: 


Bellerophon marcouanus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 
7, tab. i, fig. 12. | 

Bellerophon imarcouanus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 226, 
pl. iv, fig. 17; and pl. xi, figs. 18a-b. 
Shell much like B. montfortianus, with broadly expanded 

aperture; but the numerous filiform, longitudinal ridges are 


GASTEROPODS. 149 


not interrupted by transverse elevations or nodes,and the fine 
lines are very uniform in size. 

Horizon and localities.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Bellerophon meekianus Swatiow, 


Bellerophon meekianus Swallow, 1858: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, 
p. 204. 


Shell rather small, broadly rounded on the dorsum, with 
a well-defined angularity toward the aperture; the latter trans- 
versely reniform; outer lip thin medially, much thickened 
toward the umbilical axis on either side, and more or less re- 
flected. Surface marked by numerous crowded filiform lines; 
those running longitudinally the more prominent. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal 
Measures: Lexington, and in Howard county. 


Bellerophon urii FLEMING. 
Plate 1, figs. 5a-c. 

Bellerophon urti Fleming, 1828: Brit. Anim., p. 338. 

Bellerophon uriti de Konineck, 1844: Descriptions des Animaux Fossiles 
(de Belgique ), p. 356, pl. xxx, fig. 4. 

Bellerophon uri Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
wets, DO. (0, pl. ix, fig’. 6. 

Bellerophon carbonarius Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. III, p. 562. 

Bellerophon blaneyanus McChesney, 1860: New Pale. Foss., p. 60. 

Bellerophon carbonarius Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 6, 
tab. i, fig. 8. 

Bellerophon carbonarius Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 224, 
pl. iv, fig. 16; and pl. xi, figs. lla-c. 

Bellerophon carbonarius, vat. subpapillosus White, 1876: Geol. Uinta Mts., 
p. 92. 

Bellerophon subpapillosus White, 1879: Bul. U.S. Geol. Sur. Terr., vol., 
wee Da LS. 

Bellerophon subpapillosus White, 1883: U.S. Geol. Sur. Terr., 12th Ann. 
Rep., p. 38, pl. xxxiv, fig. 3a. 

Bellerophon carbonarius White, 1884: Geol. and Nat. Hist. Sur. Indiana, 
13th Ann. Rep., p. 158, pl. xxxiii, figs. 6, 7, 8. 

Bellerophon urti Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 236. 

Bellerophon urti Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 255. 

Bellerophon urii Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. XI, 
p. 29. 


150 GASTEROPODS. 


Shell of medium size, globose, dorsum broadly rounded ; 
umbilici closed; aperture transversely semilunate, but not ex- 
panding much more rapidly than the uniform enlargement of 
the volutions; inner lip but slightly developed; outerlip thick- 
ened and rounded toward the umbilici, but becoming very at- 
tenuated medially ; its central sinus rather broad, rounded and 
not very deep. Medial band obscure on the costate portion of 
the shell, but on the terminal half of the body whorl more or 
less distinct, and in some specimens bordered on each side by a 
low, narrow, yet well-defined ridge. Surface, except the last 
half of the outer whorl, ornamented with from 16 to 30 or more 
sharp, simple, nearly parallel cost; terminal half of the body 
whorl generally glabrate, except along the medial portion, which 
is often marked by lines of growth, and sometimes by two lon- 
gitudinal angularities. Often the greater part of the smooth 
area is covered with small but well-defined tubercles. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 

The form considered here under the name of (ellerophon 
uri? 18 the one usually designated by American palonto- 
logists as &. carbonarius. A careful comparison of the de- 
scriptions and figures of the various writers on this group of 
Gasteropods, and of a large series of specimens fails to furnish 
any valid reasons for separating specifically the American form 
from the European shell described by Fleming in 1828 as Belle- 
rophon uriz. Norwood and Pratten correctly referred the 
specimens collected by Cox in Kentucky to B. uriz; but Cox 
in 1857 made them the types of a species which he called &- 
carbonarius, distinguishing it from the Huropean form by the 
slight Jateral expansion of the mouth, and particularly by the 
less number of revolving costa, which in &. carbonarius were 
said to vary from nineteen to twenty-five, while, according to 
de Koninck, &. urzi had from thirty-six to thirty-eight. Though 
de Koninck does make this latter statement in his earlier work, 
his later Recherches state that the number varies from twenty- 
two to thirty. McChesney, in the description of his &. blaney- 
anus, seems also to have made the chief distinctive character 


GASTEROPODS. 151 


between his species and the European representative, the pos- 
session by the former of only sixteen ribs, or about half the 
number ascribed to &. uriz by de Koninck. 


. Bellerophon crassus MEEK & WorrHeEn. 
Plate 1, figs.:la-b. 


Bellerophon crassus Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 458. 

Bellerophon crassus Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Lilinois, vol. II, p. 
385, pl. xxxi, figs. 16a-16b. 

Bellerophon crassus White, 1875: Expl and Sur. w. 100 merid., vol. IV, 
Peel eplexils fig. la: 

Bellerophon crassus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., 
p. 157, pl. xxxiii, figs. 1-2. 


Shell very large, massive, subglobose, whorls rather rapidly 
increasing in size; umbilicus depressed, but not perforated ; 
medial band narrow, well defined and bordered on each side 
by a well-marked ridge. Aperture transversely reniform, or 
sublunate; outer lip greatly thickened toward the umbilical 
region, much thinner centrally on each side of the rather narrow 
sinus; callosity of the inner labrum thick. Surface unmarked 
except by lines of growth and irregular wrinkles. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City, Lexington. | 


Bellerophon montfortianus Norwoop & PRATTEN. 


Bellerophon montfortianus Norwood & Pratten, 1855: Jour. Acad. Nat. 
Sci,, Phila , (2), vol. II, p. 74, pl. ix, fig. 5. 

Bellerophon montfortianus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, 
p. 8, tab. 1; fle: 13. 

Bellerophon interlineatus Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 9, 
tab. i, fig. 14. (Not Portlock, 1843.) 

Bellerophon montfortianus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 225, 
pl. ix, fig. 15. 


_ Bellerophon montfortianus White, 1876: Geol. Uinta Mts., p. 92. 


Bellerophon montfortianus White, 1882: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., 
Supp. vol. (Il, app, pp xi, xv and xviii. 

Bellerophon montfortiunus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila, p. 
235. 

Bellerophon montfortianus Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 
235. 

Bellerophon montfortianus Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Cir., vol. XI, 
De 20.7 


152 GASTEROPODS. 


Shell with inner whorls small, outer one broadly expanded ; 
band narrow, well defined and slightly elevated in the center 
of arather deep, longitudinal depression; umbilicus closed. 
Aperture ample, transversely reniform; outer lip very thin 
medially, but becoming greatly thickened toward the umbilical 
parts; sinus moderately deep; inner labrum callous. Surface 
marked by fine raised longitudinal lines, about every fourth 
one of which is much more prominent than the others; these 
are crossed by many minute striations parallel to the lines of 
growth. With the exception of the expanded portion of the 
shell, the volutions are also ornamented by large nodose ridges 
extending from the median depression to the umbilicus on each 
side. 

Horizon and localities.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Bellerophon stevensianus McCHESNEy. 


Bellerophon stevensianus McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss.,p. 61. 
Bellerophon stevensianus McChesney, 1867: ‘Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., 

vol. I, p. 46, pl. ii, fig. 18. 

Shell small, somewhat compressed, gradually expanding ; 
band rather narrow, forming a prominent medial ridge, which 
is bordered on each side by a slight depression; aperture some- 
what semilunate; outer lip thin, much thickened toward the 
umbilical regions. Surface marked by prominent lines of 
growth. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Bellerophon. nodocarinatus Hatt. 


Plate 1, figs. 4a-c. 


Bellerophon nodocarinatus Hall, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol I, p. 725, pl. xxix, 
figs. 15a-c. 

Bellerophon tricarinatus Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis acad. Sci., vol. 
I,p. 204. 

Bellerophon inspeciosus White, 1882: U. 8S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 Merid., 
Supp. vol. III, App., p. xxx, pl. iv, figs. la-c. 

Bellerophon nodocarinatus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep. 
p. 159, pl. xxxviii, figs. 3-5. 


GASTEROPODS. 153 


Shell rather large, heavy, subglobose, only slightly ex- 
panded toward the aperture; volutions regularly rounded, the 
last with three low, broad, longitudinal folds, which are often 
more orless nodose. Surface, excepting the last half of the 
body whorl, marked by narrow, rather well-defined longitudinal 
ridges. 

florizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas Cily. 


Bellerophon percarinatus Conran. 
Plate 1, figs. 2a-f. 


Bellerophon percarinatus Conrad, 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. 
Niad, Pp. 265, pl. xvi, fig. 5. 

Bellerophon percurinatus Norwood and Pratten, 1855: Jour. Acad. Nat. 
Scei., Phila., (2), vol. ILI, p. 74, pl. ix, fig. 4. 

Bellerophon percarinatus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 227, 
pl. iv, figs. 15a—b. 

Bellerophon percarinatus White, 1884: Geol]. Sur. Indiana, 13th. Ann. 
Rep., pt. ii, p. 158, pl. xxxiii, figs. 9-14. 

Bellerophon percarinatus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci., Phila., p. 234. 

Bellerophon percarinatus Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. 
beet. 205 


Shell of medium size, subglobose, broadly expanded toward 
the aperture; umbilicus closed; outer lip thin medially, much 
thickened at the sides; callous portions of the inner labrum 
quite thick. Last whorl marked by large transverse folds or 
wrinkles, each of which has a prominent nodosity in the mid- 
dle, the entire series resembling a prominent median ridge. On 
each side of the central nodose elevation is another series of 
more or less conspicuous nodes, giving to the shell a distinct 
{ricarinate aspect. The surface is otherwise ornamented only 
by lines of growth, which not unfrequently are somewhat im- 
bricated. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


154 GASTEROPODS. 


Porcellia nodosa HALL. 
Plate li, fig. 4. 


Porcellia nodosa Hall, 1860: Geology Iowa, vol. L, Supp., p. 4. 
Porcellia nodosa Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geo’. Sur. Illinois, vol. ILI, p. 
458, pl. xiv, figs. la-b. 


Shell large, thin. Whorls about four in number, closely 
united, circular in cross-section, with a dozen or more large 
nodes on each side of the median plane; dorsal cleft narrow, 
deep. Surface marked by fine, regular transverse lines, which 
are crossed by less prominent longitudinal ones._ 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Louisiana ( Pike county). 


Cyclomena bilix ( ConrapD ). 


Pleurotomaria bilix Conrad, 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila, vol. 
Vills pt. 2719 ple svi, 

Pleurotomaria? bilix Hatl, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 305, pl. Ixxxiii, 
figs. 4a-e. 

Cyclonema bilix Hall, 1852: New York State Cab. Nat. Aist., 12th Ann. 


Rep., p. 74. 

Cyclonema biliw Meek, 1873: Geol. Sur. Ohio, Pal., vol. I, p. 151, pl. 

xiti, figs. 5a, c,d, g. 

Cyclonema bilixe White, 1881: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 10th Ann. Rept, p. 492, 

pl. ii, figs. 3-4. 

Shell variable in form, subglobose to subconoid. Volu- 
tions about five in number, increasing rapidly in size, mode- 
rately convex, with a decided tendency to flattening on the 
upper side, parallel to the general slope of the spire—the last 
volution being rather sharply rounded; suture well defined. 
Aperture broadly oval or subquadrate; inner lip thickened; 
outer lip thin, short. Surface marked by revolving lines, which 
are crossed by oblique lines parallel’ to the lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- 


tone: McCune ( Pike county ). 


Anomphalus rotulus Meek & WorrTHEN. 


Anomphalus rotulus Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 268. 

Anomphalus rotulus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, 
p. 597, pl. xxix, fig3. 10a-c. 

Anomphalus rotulus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 241. 


GASTEROP ODS. 155 


Shell very small, depressed, spire scarcely elevated above 
body whorl; volutions about four in number, moderately con- 
vex above and below, but sharply rounded at the periphery, 
slightly turned inward in the umbilical region; suture linear, 
not impressed; aperture transversely suboval, somewhat flat- 
tened on the inner side below. Surface glabrate. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal 
Measures: Clinton (Henry county). 


Trochonema umbilicata (Hatt). 


Pleurotomaria umbilicata Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 43. 

Trochonema umbilicata Salter, 1859: Canadian Org. Remains, Dec. VII, 
p. 27. 

Trochonema umbilicata Hall, 1862: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, p. 440. 

Trochonema umbilicata Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
ILL, p. 314, pl. iii, figs. 5a-b. 


Shell subconical, wider than high; whorls about three in 
number, with four revolving annulations; aperture obovate. 
Surface smooth, or with lines of growth moderately prominent. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- 
stone: Pike county. 


° 


Genus Straparollus Montrort. 


The generic relations of Straparollus and Kuom phalus have 
long been a subject of controversy. And, while the question 
cannot at present be regarded as definitely settled, the evi- 
dence derived from all available sources points to the co exten- 
sion of the two genera. The two terms are of common occur- 
rence in the literature of American Paleontology, and have 
been applied indifferently both to planorbiform gasteropod 
shells having angulated whorls, and those possessing rounded 
volutions. ‘he latter features were originally regarded as dis- 
tinctive. Yet the multiplicity of forms manifestly belonging to 
the group founded by Montfort, has given rise to the estab- 
lishment of a number of genera which can now be considered 
only as of little or no utility, and seem best disposed of when 
placed in the synonymy of this genus. Aside from the two 
leading sections, however, these various terms require no far- 
ther reference here. Each name was primarily proposed for a 


156 GASTEROPODS. 


group seemingly quite distinct. But laterinquiry has indicated 
that the alleged generic distinctions are actually more apparent 
than real; and that the two sections can, with great propriety, 
be considered under a single term. Some recent writers have 
even proposed to make the two genera in question identical 
with Solarium, established by Lamarck for a group of modern 
gasteropods. But it does not appear feasible, nor advisable, to 
extend the limits of the Lamarckian genus, as they suggested ; 
while practically the separation of the recent and ancient forms 
is not difficult, and, as a matter of fact, is very convenient to 
the systematist. 

Straparollus, as defined by Montfort, has for its type NS. 
dionysitti Mont.—a form with the spire somewhat elevated, the 
umbilicus broad and shallow, and the whorls regularly rounded. 
HKuomphalus of Sowerby, represented by LH. pentangularis Sow., 
includes planorbiform shells, having more or less distinetly 
angulated volutions. With the types alone under considera- 
tion, the two groups might appear sufficiently well marked to 
warrant their generic separation. A more extended compari- 
son, however, of the described species reveals no reliable 
criteria by which the two groups may be distinguished. A 
further consideration of these resemblances and differences of 
divers individuals shows that they are so variable, and that the 
gradations are so complete, that the generic limitations hereto- 
fore usually assigned are clearly untenable. 

Briefly stated, the general characters of Straparollus are: 
Shell rather thick, planorbiform, or depressed conical, broadly 
and often deeply umbilicated; whorls angular or rounded, usu- 
ally closely coiled, but often barely in contact; aperture sharply 
pentagonal to sub-circular; labrum generally sharp. The sur- 
face of the volutions is for the most part smooth, or showing 
only numerous lines of growth; but sometimes with one or 
more distinct longitudinal carine. 

In the majority of cases the carine or angular prominences 
on the whorls of certain Straparolli appear to be simply thick- 
enings of the shell at those points. The internal transverse 
section is circular, as shown when the shell is removed from 


GASTEROPODS. 157 


the matrix forming the cast of the inside. Some species have 
a thickened shell, with the whorls barely in contact, or even 
separated toward the aperture. In instances of this kind the 
internal casts have much the appearance of some of the forms 
for which Sowerby established the genus Phanerotinus. But 
with the latter have evidently been included a number of evo- 
lute Straparolli. 


Straparollus valvataformis SHumarRD. 
Plate li, fig. 8. 


Straparollus valvataformis Shumard, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Ac. d. Sci., 
vol. II, p. 105. 


Shell small, closely resembling NS. spergenensis. 
Horizon and localities. — Cambrian limestone: Ozark 
county. 


Straparollus obtusus (HALL). 


Plate li, fig. 5. 

Euomphalus obtusus Hail, 1858: Geology Lowa, vol. I, p. 523. 

Straparollus obtusus Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acusd. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 296. 
Straparollus obtusus Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. V, p. 197, pl. 

i, figs. 2a-c. 

Shell large, planorbiform, composed of five to six regu- 
larly rounded volutions ; spire on a level with, or slightly be- 
low, the upper surface of the last whorl; suture very deeply 
impressed; upper surface of the volutions very slightly flattened 
on the inner side near the suture; umbilical region very broad 
and shallow; aperture circular. | 

Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Lower 
Burlington limestone: ‘Louisiana ( Pike county), Hannibal. 

This form was the first of the group recognized in the 
Kinderhook rocks along the Mississippi river, and is one of 
the most characteristic gasteropods of this horizon at Burling- 
ton (Iowa), and elsewhere. At the Jatter place it occurs in 
the oolitic layer a few feet below the Burlington limestone, and 
is easily distinguished from all the congeneric species of the 
locality by its large size—often attaining a diametric measure- 
ment of more than six centimeters—its greatly depressed spire, 


158 GASTEROPODS. 


broad, shallow umbilicus and regularly rounded whorls. In 
many examples of this species the volutions are barely in con- 
tact with one another, and in a few instances the outer whorl, 
toward the aperture, has actually become separated from the 
adjoining inner turns. This fact is of special iaterest as illus- 
trating the first noticeable departure toward certain evolute 
Straparolli, which have been referred to Phanerotinus of Sow- 
erby. | 
Straparollus ammon ( Warre & WHITFIELD ). 
Plate li, fig. 6. 

Euomphalus ammon White & Whitfield, 1862: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. 

Hist., vol. VIII, p. 307. 
Straparollus ammon Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 295. 

Shell small, with rounded whorls, spiral portions raised 
but little above the’ plane of the body volation. Surface 
smooth, with numerous fine lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Lower Bur- 
lington limestone: Lousiana ( Pike county ). 


Straparollus latus ( Halt). 
Plate li, fig. 9. 
Euomphalus latus Hall, 1858: Geology lowa, vol. I, p. 605, pl. xxii, 
figs. 7a-b. 
Euomphalus boonensis Swallow, 1863 : Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 

IT, p. 99. 

Straparollus latus Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 292. 

Straparollus latus Keyes, 1890: Am. Geologist, vol. V, p. 196, pl. vii, 
figs. lab. 

Straparollus blairi Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., Adv. 

sheets, p. 86, pl. xv, fig. 3. 

Shell rather large, discoid, composed of-four to five rather 
rapidly enlarging volutions, plane above; spire nearly on a 
level with the upper surface of the outer whorl; suture im- 
pressed ; deeply and broadly umbilicate; aperture nearly cir- 
cular, flattened above. The broad flattened area occupying 
the upper surface of the volutions is bordered on each side by 
a distinct carina, the inner being near the sutural line. Below 
the outer ridge are sometimes two scarcely perceptible angu- 
larities; one around the periphery and the other along the mid- 


GASTEROPODS. 159 


dle of the whorls below. The latter, as shotvn in young speci- 
mens, is often well defined, but after the shell has become half 
grown, the obtuse prominence becomes obscured. In some 
specimens the ridge:above the periphery is s0 pronounced as 
to leave a narrow concave area immediately beneath. 

Horizon and localities._Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Springfield (Greene county ), Ash Grove ( Greene 
county ), Osceola (St. Clair county ), Louisiana, Hannibal. 

Straparolins latus is the most characteristic form of the 
genus occurring in the Burlington, but it is not very common. 
It attains a maximum diameter of eight centimeters. 


Straparollus spergenensis ( Hatt). 


Euomphalus spergenensis Hall, 1858: Trans. Albany Inst., vol. LV, p. 19. 
Euomphalus spergenensis, var. planorbiformis Hall, 1858: Trans. Albany Inst., 

vol. [V, p. 20. 

Straparollus spergenensis Miller, 1877: Cat. Am. Pal. Foss, p. 163. 
Straparollus spergenensis var. planorbiformis Miller, 1877: Cat. Am. Pal. 
/ Foss., p. 163. 

Euomphalus spergenensis Whitfield, 1882: Bul. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 

I, p. 69, pl. viii, figs. 16-19. 

Huomphalus spergenensis, var. planorbiformis Whitfield, 1882: Bul. Am. Mus. 

Nat. Hist., vol. I, p. 70, pl. viii, figs. 20-21. 

Euomphalus spergenensis Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 12th Ann. Rept., 
p. 350, pl. xxxi, figs. 16-19. 
Euomphalus spergenensis, var. planorbiformis Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indi- 

ana, 12th Ann. Rept., p. 351, pl. xxxi, figs. 20 22. 

Shell small, depressed conical, composed of four to six 
rounded volutions, which are more or less flattened above, 
near the suture; broadly umbilicated; suture well defined. 
Aperture oblique, circular; lip sharp. Surface marked only by 
numerous, closely arranged, fine lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 

Considerable variation in shape is observable among the 
Shells of this species. Many show quite a marked flattening 
of the apical portions, while others have the spire more or less 
elevated, and in this respect closely simulating the type of the 


genus WN. dionysii Montfort. 


160 GASTEROPODS. 


Straparollus planidorsatus Merk & WorrTHEN. 


Euomphalus planidorsatus Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sel., 

Phila., p. 462. - 

Euomphalus perspectivus Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 

IT, p. 98. 

LUE ARE a eon. Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 

Il, p. 302, pl. xxiv, figs. 2a-c. 

Shell rather below medium size, planorbiform ; spire a little 
elevated; whorls four or five in number, flattened above, with 
a well-defined angularity toward the peripheral margin; regu- 
larly rounded below, though often a slight revolving promi- 
nence is also discernible; suture rather deeply impressed; um- 
bilicus broad and rather deep; aperture nearly circular; sur- 
face smooth, with occasional lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 


limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). 


Straparollus catilloides (Conrap). 


Inachus catilloides Conrad, 1842: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. VIL, 

p. 273, pl. xv, fig. 3. 

Euomphalus rugosus Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 723, pl. xxix, fig. 

14. (Not Sowerby, 1812.) 

Serpula (Spiorbis) planorbites Geinitz, 1866: Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, 

p. 3, tab. i, fig. 6. (Not Munster.) 

Straparollus (Huomphalus) rugosus Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, 

p. 230, pl. vi, figs. 5-6; and pl. xi, figs. 4a-b. 

Straparollus (Euomphalus) subrugosus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. 

Illinois, vol. V, p. 607, pl. xxix, fig. 1). 

Kuomphalus rugosus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., 

p- 161, pl. xxxii, figs. 11-12. 

Euomphalus rugosus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 241. 
Straparollus catilloides Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 253. 
Straparollus catilloides Keyes, 1891: Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, vol. 

XI, p. 29. 

Shell small, planorbiform, concave above and below; 
whorls five in number, increasing gradually in size, obliquely 
flattened on the periphery, which is bordered on each side by 
a narrow rounded ridge, and on the upper and lower sides. 
Aperture trapeziform outside, circular inside. Surface smooth, 
but often strongly marked by lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Atchison, Kangas City. 





GASTEROPODS. 161 


There appears to be but little doubt that the form des- 
cribed by Conrad from the region east of the Appalachians as 
Inachus catilloides, and Huomphalus rugosus of Hall, are identi- 
cal. Although Conrad’s original description is brief, his figure 
shows clearly the kind of a shell he had under consideration. 
A careful comparison of a large series of Pennsylvania speci- 
mens and those forms from the Mississippi basin, fails to bring 
out any differences sufficiently marked to warrant a specific 
separation of the shells of the two districts. The form is gen- 
erally known throughout the continental interior under Hall’s 
name. That designation, however, was preoccupied by Sow- 
erby in 1812, and for this reason Meek and Worthen proposed 
subrugosus for the specific title. After all, it is very probable 
that the form should more properly be regarded as identical 
with a certain Kuropean species ; and further comparison may 
require the mergence of the two species now regarded as 
valid. WS. catilloides, as now understood, is widely distributed 
geographically, and is one of the most abundant and character- 
istic shells of the Coal Measures of the Mississippi basin. It 
often attains a very considerable size, though, as a rule, its 
maximum measurement is not greater than ten or twelv® milli- 
meters. | 


Straparollus pernodosus MsEkEK & WoRTHEN. 


Straparollus pernodosus Meek & Worthen, 1870: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 45. 

Straparollus pernodosus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. V, 
p. 604, pl. xxix, figs. l4a-c. 

Euomphalus pernodosus Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 241. 

Straparollus pernodosus Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 286. 


Shell rather large, planorbiform, with the spire on a level 
with the upper edge of the body-whorl; volutions five or six 
in number, flattened above, rounded below, with a well-defined 
row of large nodes disappearing toward the aperture; the upper 
peripheral margin has a prominent carina, from which the sur- 
face slopes inward to the suture; umbilicus broad, moderately 
deep, showing all the inner whorls. Surface marked by con- 


G—12 


162 GASTEROPODS. 


spicuous, often imbricated lines of growth and frequently also 
by broad, transverse wrinkles, 

Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 


Straparollus subquadratus Meek & WorTHEN. 


Straparollus subquadratus Meek & Worthen, 1870: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 46. 

Straparollus subgquadratus Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. 
V, p. 605, pl. xxix, figs. 12a-c and l3a-e. ) 
Shell similar to S. catilloides, but very much larger, with 

the nodes and transverse wrinkles very much more pronounced. 
Florizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper 

Coal Measures: Kansas City. 


Omphalotrochus springvalensis (Wuirr). 
Plate li, fig. 7. 


Euomphalus springvalensis White, 1876: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phia., 
p. 32. | 

Euomphalus springvalensis White, 1883: U. 8. Geol. and Geog. Sur. Terr., 
12th Ann. Rep., p. 167, pl. xli, figs. la-b. 

Straparollus springvalensis Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. V, p. 195. 
Shell large, conical, about as high as wide. Whorls about 

six in number, flattened slightly above, regularly rounded be- 

low. Aperture sub-circular in outline. Surface smooth. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Lower Bur- 


lington limestone: Louisiana ( Pike county). 


Ophileta compacta SALTER. 
Ophileta compacta Salter, 1859: Canadian Org. Rem., Decade 1, p. 16, pl. 
iii, figs. 1-3. 
Shell discoid, composed of six or more volutions, obliquely 
flattened above. Surface marked by oblique, sigmoid lines. 
florizon and localities—Cambrian limestone: Washing- 
ton county. 


GASTEROPODS. 163 


Raphistoma subplana SHuMaRD. 
Raphistoma subplana Shumard, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 

II, p. 106. 

Shell depressed, turbinate; width rather more than one- 
third the height; whorls about four, periphery of last one 
sharply angular, inner edge obtusely angulated; upper sur- 
face subplane, with a shallow groove just within the exterior 
margin; under surface convex; umbilicus small; aperture 
transverse, subtrigonal. Width 43 lines, height 3 lines. (Shu- 
mard.) 

Horizon and localities. — Cambrian limestone: Ozark 
county. 


Raphistoma lenticularis (ConrapD). 


Pleurotomaria lenticularis Conrad, 1842: Emmon’s Geol. Rep. New York, 

p. 392, fig. 2, and p. 293, figs. 2, 3. 

Pleurotomaria lenticularis Owen, 18144: Geol. Expl. fowa, Wisc. and ill., p. 

86, pl. xviii, fig. 6. ; 

Raphistoma lenticularis Salter, 1859: Canadian Org. Rem., Decade 1, p. 12. 
Raphistoma lenticuleris Hall, 1862: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, p. 39, fig. 4. 
Raphistoma lenticularis Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. III, 

p. 316, pl. ii, fig. 7b. 

Shell lenticular, the breadth being about twice the height, 
nearly equally convex above and below; whorls four to five in 
number, flattened above, sharply carinate around the periphery, 
and rather convex below; suture not well defined ; umbilicus 
broad ; aperture rhomboidal in outline. Surface unknown in 
Missouri specimens. 

Horizon and localities —Lower Silurian, Trenton lime- 
stone: McCune ( Pike county ). 


Maclurea magna (LE SuEvR). 
Plate lii, figs. 9a-b. 


Maclurites magna Le Sueur, 1818: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. {, 
p. 3f2, pl. xiii, figs. 1-3. 
Maclurea magna Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 26, pl. v, figs. 
la-d. ; 
Shell rather large, composed of three or more volutions, 
rapidly increasing in size; flattened above, rounded and car- 
inated below. Surface marked only by lines of growth. 


164 | GASTEROPODS. 


Horizon and localities.—Silurian, Trenton limestone: Glen- 
coe, McCune station (Pike county), Allerton (St. Louis 
county ), Bailey landing (Perry county ). | 





Phanerotinus paradoxus WINCHELL. 
Plate lii, fig. 7. 

Phanerotinus paradoxus Winchell, 1863: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 21. 
Phanerotinus paradoxus Hall, 1879: Pal. New York, vol. V, pl. ii, p. 60, pl. 

xvi, fig. 16. 
Eccyliomphalus paradozus Miller, 1890: N.A. Geol. and Pal., p. 403. 

Shell rather small, planorbiform; volutions not contigu- 
ous, about four in number, very gradually enlarging to the 
aperture, which is circular. Surface smooth, with indistinct 
lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Lower 
Burlington limestone: Louisiana (Pike county ). 


Genus Capulus MontTrForr. 


Until quite recently there has always been a considerable 
diversity of opinion as to what term should be really applied 
to the Paleozoic group of gasteropodous shells commonly re- 
ferred, by most American writers, to Platyceras of Conrad. 
The described species of this group have been variously and 
indifferently assigned to Capulus, Montfort, Pileopsis, Lamarck, 
Actita, Fisher von Waldheim, Platyceras, Conrad, Acroculia, 
Phillips, Orthonychia, Hall, and some other genera. Of these, 
Capulus and Platyceras have become at last generally adopted, 
the former having preference with most European and the 
latter with the majority of American authors. 

The two genera last mentioned are practically co-extensive, 
and since the first has precedence—of more than thirty years— 
it should be used instead of the second. Evenif the group 
to which Conrad gave the name Platyceras were a valid one, it 
is very questionable whether the term could stand, inasmuch 
as it has been pre-occupied for three-quarters of a century. It | 
has Jong been known that Geoffrey in 1764 proposed for a 
genus of Coleoptera the name Platyceras, a term which was 
later employed by Latreille, and which continues to the present 


GASTEROPODS. 165 


day in good usage as originally proposed. Taking advantage 
of this fact, Giblert has recently revived Phillips’ name Acro- 
culia for the Platyceras group of shells; but this of course 
cannot be adopted. 

The leading characters of generic value in modern Capulus, 
as shown by the more typical shells,as C. hungaricus Linnzus, 
are the obliquely conical shape, the small, often closely incurved 
or coiled spire, the broad campanulate apertural portions, and 
the pecular horseshoe-shaped muscular impressions. In the 
Paleozoic forms heretofore referred to Platyceras, these fea- 
tures have been made out most clearly in C. paralius (W. & W.) 
and C. equilateralis (Hall); though the affinities are not less 
striking in many other species. 

There is often considerable embarrassment in attempting 
to separate certain Paleozoic Capuli, on the one hand from 
some forms of Platystoma, especially from those species in 
which there is a greater or less tendency for the shells to un- 
coil; and on the other hand, from various genera of Patelloid 
shells. As might be expected in a group of gasteropods pre- 
senting so few constant characters which may be satisfactorily 
relied upon as classificatory criteria, it is often impossible to 
clearly distinguish between certain of these species. 

Among the first to notice the existence of Carboniferous 
Capuli in the continental interior were Yandell and Shumard, 
who called attention to the association of a species with an 
Acrocrinus (afterward described by the former author as A. shu- 
mardi). Orthonychia acutirostre, however, was the first species 
of this group of gasteropods described from the Carboniferous 
rocks of the Mississippi basin; and was so denominated by 
Hall in 1856. The publication of this diagnosis was followed 
in quick succession by definitions of other forms by Stevens, 
Hall, Swallow, McChesney, Winchell, White and Whitfield, and 
Meek and Worthen. 

Variation in Form.—It has been noted frequently in the 
descriptions of various Paleozoic species of Capulus, that the 
shells often present a more or less well-defined quinquelobate 
appearance, and that the apertural margins are for the most 


166 GASTEROPODS. 


part sinuous or crenate. In the absence of salient classifica- 
tory characters these features were regarded usually of much 
importance for specific distinction. It was not until a compar- 
atively recent date that their true significance was indicated. 
The fact here referred to is the attachment of fossil Capuli to 
foreign bodies, and particularly to the calyces of crinoids. The 
observations on this habit of the ancient Capuli have been fully 
considered elsewhere, but may be here briefly summarized by 
stating that in all the examples examined—upward of several 
hundreds—(1) the gasteropod shell invariably lies over the anal 
opening of the crinoid; (2) the mollusk remained in this posi- 
tion for a considerable period, probably for the greater part of 
life, as is shown by the shells on highly-ornamented calyces, 
and by the removal of them from their places of attachment, 
and tracing the growth of the shell by the concentric grooves 
made on the ventral plates; (3) the growing shell followed 
closely the inequalities of the surface upon which it rested— 
depressions giving rise to furrows and protuberances to folds 
or nodes; and (4) shells simply lying on flat surfaces are much 
more depressed and proportionally broader than those clinging 
to the vertical or inclined portions of calyces where the anal 
opening is situated laterally. The third of these statements is 
perhaps best illustrated by crinoids having low interradial areas 
and elevated radial regions; and this is the probable explana- 
tion of the frequent occurrence of the more or less distinctly 
five-lobed calyptrwan shells. Heretofore this phenomenon has 
admitted of no direct causal interpretation. 

Attachment to Crinoids.—The adherence of gasteropods of 
the genus under consideration to fossil crinoids was at first 
thought to furnish conclusive evidence of the carnivorous hab- 
_ its of the Crinvidea; and inasmuch as it was at that time con- 
sidered that the aperture in the vault was the mouth, this 
explanation seemed very plausible. Consequently, the conclu- 
sion was very naturally reached that the crinoid, when it per- 
ished, was in the act of devouring the mollusk. Meek and 
Worthen appear to be the first to question the prevalent opin- 
ions regarding the intimate association of crinoid and gastero- 


GASTEROPODS. 167 


pod; and to suggest that the mollusk was, in all probability, 
stationed on the echinoderm for a protracted period, perhaps 
even for the greater portion of its life. But notwithstand- 
ing the fact that the univalve was almost invariably situated 
over the ventral aperture, and that this opening was recog- 
nized as the anus, these writers do not seem to entertain for a 
moment the idea that the gasteropod may have been nourished 
upon the refuse matter from the crinoid.. The latter view is 
now favorably received by most paleontologists. In every 
instance of the several hundred specimens lately examined, 
the calyptrzan covers the anal opening of the crinoid; and, 
so far as observable, it is always the anterior portion of the 
mollusean shell that is directed to the vault aperture. Inthose 
examples where the shell has been removed, its impression 
made on the ventral surface shows that the anterior margin of 
the peristome was at the edge of the opening in the dome, a 
position that would have brought the mouth of the mollusk 
directly over the anus of the crinoid. From an examination 
of the concentric markings made by mollusean shells on the 
tests of Strotocrinus and Platycrinus, it appears that the for- 
ward end of the Capulus was always stationary at the mar- 
gin of the dome opening; and that, as the growth of the shell 
continued, the posterior portion was removed farther and far- 
ther from the ventra! aperture of the crinoid. 

The food of recent crinoids consists chiefly of animal- 
cules and microscopic plants, and the living Calyptriidz sub- 
sists on food of a similar nature. From analogy it might be 
inferred that the food of fossil crinoids and mollusks must have 
been similar to that of their modern representatives. So far as 
the echinoderms are concerned, there seem to be no serious 
objections to this inference. Bat with the univalves their 
position through life indicates that their sustenance was, in 
great part at least, of a somewhat different character. 

The anatomy of the crinoid and the position of the mol- 
luscan shell are not in accord with the supposition that the 
calyptrean may in any way have been nourished on the food 
of thecrinoid. This wonid imply that the gasteropod was par- 


168 GASTEROPODS. 


asitic in its habits—a view which, though held by most writers, 
does not appear to be structurally substantiated. While no 
doubt the Capulus derived the greater part of its food from 
excrementitious matter, nourishment from other sources may 
also have been obtained, and in all probability it was very simi- 
lar to that of the crinoids and the living Calyptreidx. Faur- 
thermore, there does not seem to be the slightest indication 
that the crinoid was in any manner inconvenienced by the 
attachment of the gasteropod, except, perhaps, in a few cases 
where the molluscan shell had encircled the posterio-lateral 
arms, which were in consequence slightly pressed outward. 
The only really noticeable effect of the presence of Capulas on 
the crinoid is a comparatively shallow depression or groove on 
some of the ventral plates, marking the position of the shell 
lip; though in the majority of specimens even this feature is 
not well pronounced. There are no grounds for the view 
advanced by Trautschold in regard to Cromyocrinus simplex 
Trauts. and its adhering Capulus parasiticus Trauts. from the 
Lower Carboniferous of Russia, that the crinoid built a cylin- 
drical process upon the anal plate as a protection against the 
sedentary gasteropod. 

Illustrative Hxamples.—In some crinoids, as Gilbertsocri- 
nus, the plates of the vault are more or less convex or nodose. 
This nodosity of the ventral plates reaches a high development 
in such forms as G. tuberosus Lyon and Casseday. Nearly one- 
half of the known individuals of this species have a gastero- 
pod adhering. The specimens illustrate well the adaptation of 
the apertural margin of the shell to the irregularities of the 
crinoidal surface; for it is clearly observable, as first pointed 
out by Meek and Worthen, that the contact of the gasteropod 
shell and crinoid is not the result of accidental pressure, but 
that the mollusk adhered to the surface of the crinoid for a 
considerable period, as is shown by the sinuosities of the peris- 
tome corresponding exactly to the inequalities of the surface 
beneath. In young shells the sinuosities of the apertural mar- 
gin are comparatively much more pronounced than in older 
individuals. Many of the latter exhibit much irregularity in 


GASTEROPODS. 169 


the lines of growth, which might at first appear to be due toa 
change of station, but closer inspection shows that this is not 
the case. When the plates of the crinoidal vault are nodose, 
as in Gilbertsocrinus tuberosus the lines of growth in adult 
shells, contrary to the more usual manner among gasteropods 
generally, are far from being even approximately parallel to 
one another; and in the lip of the shell a sinus, caused by a 
nodose plate at one period of growth, may be represented in 
the next by a projecting lobe, which extended into a deep de- 
pression between the nodes of two contiguous plates. 

In considering the structural pecularities of the Capulus 
shell, three features—the general form, the configuration of the 
aperture, and the surface makings—appear to have been sus- 
ceptible of considerable modification as the result of the 
sedentary habits of the mollusk. An examination of a large 
series of certain species of the genus reveals the fact that the 
variant tendency in all three of these particulars is much 
greater than might be supposed; and when the attachment of 
these gasteropods to foreign bodies is taken into consideration, 
the causes for such varietal development become manifest. It 
has been shown that the mollusk doubtless remained fixed 
throughout a greater portion of life, and that the surface upon 
which it first settled determined in great part both the form of 
the shell and the shape of its aperture. When the surface of 
attachment was flat, as in the vaults of Gilbertsocrinus and 
Strotocrinus, the molluscan shell was greatly depressed and 
the peristome ample; but when the foreign body was strongly 
convex the shell was more conical, with a comparatively much 
smaller aperture. It has been stated elsewhere that, in regard 
to the second of the three variant features observable in the 
calyptrean shell, the margin of the peristome partakes of all 
the inequalities of the surface to which the gasteropod adheres. 
Hew of the species attached to crinoids may be said to have 
true surface ornamentation, for the longitudinal folds or plica- 
tions in the shell are in many cases due chiefly to the character 
of the surface of attachment. In some specimens of Igoceras 
pabulocrinus (Owen) there have been noticed, in addition to 


170 GASTEROPODS. 


the undefined longitudinal folds, several series of small con- 
spicuous nodes; but these in all examples seem to result from 
the peculiar nodose ornamentation of Platycrinus hemisphericus 
with which the univalves are associated. | 

It appears, then: (1) that some, if not the majority of the 
ancient Capuli were stationary during life; (2) that the nour- 
ishment of many of these sedentary gasteropods was derived, 
in great part at least, from the excrementitious matter from 
crinoids; and (3) that the form of the peristome and its mar- 
ginal configuration, being dependent upon the surface of attach- 
ment, have small value as characters for specific distinction. 

Range of Variability—Among modern gasteropods, atten- 
tion of late has been called frequently to the variation in the 
form of the shell as the result of differences in the local con- 
ditions of station. In the extension of this inquiry to fossil 
groups many difficulties are met with, among which the most 
formidable, perhaps, is the inability to obtain enough material 
for an adequate consideration of the subject. Usually the 











Fies. 10 ea Variation of Capulus equilateralis (Hall). 
shells of any one species are not abundant locally, nor is the 
representation from localities, more or less widely separated 
geographically, sufficient to permit of satisfactory comparisons. 
Lately Capulus has unexpectedly furnished a very interesting 
series illustrating the range of variation in several species. The 
comparison is perhaps most striking in the projection of ten 
specimens of Capulus equilateralis as recently graphically repre- 
sented. (Figures 10 and 11.) The case referred to is onlya 


GASTEROPODS. — 171 


single one of many to be found among the mollusea. Itis very 
significant in its bearing upon the true basis of species, and indi- 
cates plainly, that in attempting to separate specimens specifi- 
cally, too much stress should not be placed upon individual 
characters. 

Other Causes of Variation.—In connection with variation of 
species, it is of great interest to note the apparent effect of 
gravitation in altering the form of some gasteropod shells. 
This phase may be more satisfactorily considered in Capulus 
equilateralis and I. pabulocrinus than in most other species, be- 
cause when attached to the vaults of crinoids, the station of 
each individual is definitely known. As stated already, the 
first of these forms generally rests on flat-vaulted crinoids, 
while the second commonly adheres laterally to such echino- 
derms as Platycrinus hemisphericus Capulus equilateralis when 
occupying the same position is pendant, the apex of the shell 
being directed downward instead of in the opposite direction, 
as when resting on the ventral surface of such forms as Gil- 
bertsocrinus. The shell thus pendant exhibits a decided ten- 
dency to straighten, or uncoil, consequently becoming longer, 
the apex freeing itself completely from the body-whorl. In 
comparison, therefore, with a representative example of U. 
equilateralis, those shells resting on flat crinoidal vaults are 
very much depressed, the aperture proportionately broader 
and the spire more closely coiled. Those individuals attached 
laterally to crinoids have a tendency to become more conical, 
the aperture being relatively smaller, while the spire is entirely 
free from the last volution, and the apex often extends to a con- 
siderable distance beyond the posterior margin of the aperture. 

On the other hand, J. pabulocrinus is commonly a more or 
less elongate conic shell. When attached to Platycrinus it 
often assumes a very different aspect. As growth proceeds 
the posterior side becomes relatively shorter, the apex slightly 
curved backward, and not unfrequently there is a marked 
tendency toward a strongly arcuate form. 

The Kinderhook forms of the genus are, on the whole, ex- 
tremely unsatisfactory for systematic determination, since the 


a7? GASTEROPODS. 


most of them are merely internal casts. They form, however, 
an important feature of the fauna inclosed in these rocks. The 
_ Burlington and Keokuk species are very closely related, and in 
part extend through both epochs, after which the genus is of 
rare occurrence in the continental interior. It is of consider- 
able interest to note that this numerical reduction after the 
close of the Keokuk was accompanied by a marked depauper- 
ization of the individuals which struggled through to the end 
of the Paleozoic. Through all the St. Louis, Kaskaskia and 
Coal Measures the species, withont exception, are diminutive. 
The O. acutirostre of the St. Louis became reduced to nearly 
one-half the size it possessed in the Keokuk, notwithstanding 
the fact that this species had perhaps a wider geographical 
range than any other congeneric form occurring within the 
Mississippi basin, and was therefore better adapted to preserve 
its full vigor, at least in some parts of its distribution. 

Structural Characters.— Shell depressed, subglobose, ob- 
liquely subconic; body-whorl very large. Aperture ample, 
expanded; labrum more or less sinuous, inner lip not anchy- 
losed to the spire. Surface glabrate, plicate, or sometimes 
spiniferous; lines of growth often umbricate. 

The shells which have been referred to Platyceras pre- 
sent a manifold variety of forms. It is, therefore, not improb- 
able that a fuller examination and comparison of all the known 
species will demand a somewhat different arrangement and 
subdiyision of the group than that now existing. In this sec- 
tion the shell presents few salient characters for consideration. 
As already stated, it is often with extreme difficulty that the 
forms of this group can be satisfactorily separated from cer- 
tain varieties of Platystoma and various genera of Patelloid 
shells. In general, however, the test of Capulus is coiled, 
subspiral, arcuate or subconic, witha relatively small spire and 
an immense, rapidly expanding body whorl, while the surface 
is usually without ornamentation. The large majority of the 
species of this group possess tough, massive shells, which 
are generally, therefore, in a much better state of preservation 
than most of the associated molluscan remains. 


GASTEROPODS. lis 


Muscular Scars.—The internal scars so prominent in the 
Shells of living Capulus and modern allied genera are seldom 
observable in Paleozoic forms. Hence, having never noticed 
in individuals of the latter the peculiar horseshoe-shaped im- 
pressions, Hall assigns this as the only reason for regarding 
Capulus and Platyceras as distinct genera. Since the time that 
the American author first expressed this opinion, a sufficient 
number of fossil examples have been found to indicate clearly 
the real nature of these scars. A careful comparison shows 
that they are not very different from those of typical Capuli, 
though considerable variation is noticeable in the several 
forms, and even in shells of the same species. 

As exhibited in J. pabulocrinus, and some other species, the 
muscular scars are connected by a narrow band traversing the 
posterior side of the shell. Inadult examples, the scars are situ- 
ated about one-fourth the distance from the apertural margin 
to the apex. In some excellent internal casts of Capulus pro- 
tet (Gihlert) from the lower Devonian of Mayenne, the muscular 
impressions are somewhat different from those of congeneric 
species from America. The scar on the right side is compara- 
tively large, ovai and well defined ; a narrow sinuous band passes 
around the spire posteriorly and terminates on the left side in 
an enlarged scar similar to but much smaller than that on the 
right. In some specimens the linear band does not appear to 
be perfectly continuous from one side to the other. 


Capulus subsinuosus ( WorTHEN ) 
Platyceras subundatum. Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Jllinois, vol. 

III, p. 387, pl. vii, figs. 13a-b and 14a-b. (Not Conrad, 1841.) 
Platyceras subsinuosum Worthen, 1882: Illinois St. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bul. 2, 

p. 38. 

Shell composed of about three and one-half rounded volu- 
tions, the first two and a-half or three of which increase rather 
rapidly in size, are closely coiled together, and depressed with 
the spire on a level with or below the upper side of the outer 
turn; body portion very rapidly expanding, so as to cause the 
upper side to rise considerably above the inner turns, with 
which, however, it continues very nearly or quite in contact, 


174 GASTEROPODS. 


even to the aperture, which is large and sub-circular, or trans- 
versely oval; lip with its margin all around, excepting on the 
inner side, undulated so as to form some eight or ten more or 
less well-defined sinuses, with projecting processes between. 
Surface marked only by fine undulating lines of growth. 

florizon and localities—Upper Silurian limestone: Bai- 
ley landing ( Perry county ). 

As in the case of a considerable number of other shells 
from the Mississippi basin, it is almost impossible to detect any 
specific differences between them and the more eastern forms; 
and it is very likely that the specimens under consideration 
will have to be referred to some one of the New York species 
described by Hall. 


Capulus haliotoides (Merk & WorTHEN ), 
Plate liii, figs. 9a-b. 
Platyceras haliotordes Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 

1866, p. 264. , 

Platyceras haliotoides Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geo]. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, 

p.458, pl. xiv, figs. 3a-b. 

Capulus haliotoides Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 165. 
Platyostoma broadheadi Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., 

Adv. sheets, p. 86, pl. xiv, figs. 19-20. 

Shell below medium size, very obliquely ovate, forming 
one to two very rapidly expanding volutions, which are con- 
tiguous except near the apertural margin; whorls compressed, 
somewhat sharply rounded along the periphery. Spire slightly 
elevated above the level of the body turn. Aperture ample, 
oval; labrum somewhat sinuous. Surface marked by fine un- 
lating lines of growth. 

florizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kinder- 
hook limestone: Sedalia. 


Capulus paralius (Waitt & WHITFIELD). 
Plate liii, figs. la-d. 

Platyceras paralium White & Whitfield, 1862: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 

vol. VIII, p. 302. 
Platyceras paralius Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 294. 
Capulus paralius Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 
Capulus paralius Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 166, pl. 

ii, figs. la-b. 


GASTEROPODS. 175 


Platyceras nasutum Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., Adv. 
sheets, p. 82, pl. xiv, figs. 17-18. 


Shell like that of an immature C. equilateralis, but much 
thinner and more delicate. 

Hlorizon and localities —Uower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
limestone, Sedalia; Burlington limestone: Louisiana. 

The apical portion of the shell is more slender and ex- 
tended than the type would indicate from casual examination. 
The typical specimen has the longitudinal folds much more 
prominent than is apparent in an average example of the 
species; forin the majority of individuals the plications are 
scarcely noticeable. This species is widely distributed geo- 
graphically, and preserves its individuality remarkably over 
its entire range. Typical specimens have been collected at 
LeGrand, in central Iowa, at Burlington, in the southeastern 
part of the same state, at Lodi, Ohio, and Sedalia, in west-cen- 
tral Missouri. 

Careful comparisons of the Sedalia specimens described 
by Miller, and those from other localities mentioned, leave 
little room for doubt that the recently named Platyceras nasu- 
tum is anything else than the same form noted more than 380 
years ago, by White & Whitfield, under the title of P. para- 
lium. 


Capulus tribulosus ( WHITE). 
Plate liii, figs. lla-c. 


Platyceras tribulosum White, 1883: U.S. Geol. Sur. Terr., 12th Ann. 

Rep., p. 186, pl. xli, figs. 6a—b. 

Platyceras tribulosum Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 290. 
Capulus tribulosus Keyes, 1890: Am. Geol., vol. VI, p. 9. 
Capulus tribulosus Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acud. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 170, pl. 

ii, figs. 4a-b. 

Shell rather below medium size, subspiral, rather slender, 
forming about one volution; regularly expanding to the aper- 
ture. Apex incurved, far removed from the body of the shell. 
Aperture irregularly oval; usually more or less broadly lobed 
posteriorly; lip sharp, irregular, with usually a deep sinus 
anteriorly. Surface glabrate, but exhibiting numerous fine, 
closely arranged lines of growth; also marked by three longi- 


176 GASTEROPODS. 


tudinal series of long tubular spines, extending from the aper 
tural margin about three-fourths the distance to the apex. Of 
these spiniferous rows two are disposed laterally, one on each 
side and the third centrally and dorsally. | 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal, Louisiana. 

This is one of the few spiniferous species belonging to the 
genus Capulus; and only two others of similar character occur 
in the American Carboniferous rocks. It appears to be closely 
allied to C. biserialis (Hall), and may eventually prove identi- 
cal with that form, from which it apparently differs only in 
having three, instead of two, rows of spines. Thus far it has 
been noted only in the two divisions of the Burlington lime- 
stone, when it occurs in the thin sandy-clay partings, associated 
with delicate and beautifully preserved bryozoans. The type 
specimen is not a characteristic representative of the species, 
being in several particulars qaite abnormal. 


Capulus latus (KEyYEs). 
Plate liii, figs. 138a-b. 


Platyceras latum Keyes, 1888: - Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc., vol. XXV, 

p. 242, figs. 10-11. (Reprint, p. 14.) 

Platyceras latum Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 290. 
Capulus latus Keyes, 1890: Am. Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 

Platyceras latum Miller, 1890: N.A. Geol. and Pal., p. 416. 

Capulus latus Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 168. 

Shell somewhat like C. equilateralis in general physiognomy, 
but more campanulate, and with the apical parts relatively 
smaller. 

| Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burling- 
ton limestone: Burlington (Iowa); Hannibal. 

This form is seldom well preserved, the majority of the 
specimens being more or less exfoliated. 


GASTEROPODS. ihrty 


Capulus obliquus (Kzryss). 
Plate liii, figs. l4a-b 


_ Platyceras obliquum Keyes, 1888: Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc., vol. X XV, 
p. 141, figs. 12-13. (Reprint, p. 13.) 

Platyceras obligquum Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 290. 

Capulus obliquus Keyes, 1890: Am. Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 

Capulus obliquus Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 168, pl. ii, 
fig. 3. ; 


Shell of medium size, irregularly oblong, subspiral, forming 
one volution; regularly enlarging, slightly more rapidly trans- 
versely than in the opposite direction, to the aperture. Apex 
large, obtuse, far removed from the body of the shell, which is 
broadly arcuate; very noticeably oblique to the plane of gen- 
eral curvature in the body of the shell. Aperture irregularly 
quadrangular in outline; margin sharp and more or less sinu- 
ous. Surface marked by several undefined plications, which 
sometimes form longitudinal series of obscure nodes; these 
are crossed by numerous sinuous, often somewhat imbricated, 
lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal; Burlington (Iowa). 


Capulus biserialis (Hatt). 
Plate liii, figs. 12a-b. 


Platyceras biserialis Hall, 1859: Geology Lowa, vol. I, pt. ii, Supp.,p. 90. 

Platyceras biserialis Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. III, 
p. 509, pl. xv, figs. 3a-b. 

Capulus biserialis Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 

Capulus biserialis Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 167. 


This species is similar to Capulus tribulosus ( White), but: 
has only two, instead of three, longitudinal rows of spines. 

Horizon and localities.—Burlington limestone: Quincy, . 
Illinois. | 

A marked characteristic of this form and also of C. tribu- 
losus ( White ) is, that the tubular spines are arranged in longi- 
tudinal rows, while in the few other American spine-bearing 
Capuli, there is no regularity in the distribution of the spinous 
processes. The spines are easily broken, and hence are seldom 
preserved to their full length; often they are scarcely notice- 


able. 
G—13 


178 GASTEROPODS. 


Capulus equilateralis (Hatt). 
Plate lii, figs. l0a-b. 


Platyceras equilatera Hall, 1858: Geology [owa, vol. I, Supp., p. 89. 
Platyceras equilatera Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, 

p. 518, pl. xvii, fig. 2. 

Platyceras equilateralis Miller, 1877: Cat. Am. Pal. Foss., p. 156. 
Platyceras equilatera White, 1880: Geol. Sur. Indiana, p. 514, pl. vii, fig. 5. 
Platyceras equilatera Keyes, 1888: Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc., vol. 

XXV, p. 236, figs. 2and 3. 

Platyceras equilatera Keyes, 1889: American Geologist, vol. III, p. 381. 
Platyceras equilatera Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 288. 
Capulus equilateralis Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 

Capulus equilateralis Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 171, 

DL ALSO ees 

Shell of medium, but often attaining a large size; extremely 
variable, hemispherical to oblique conical, with incurved spire ; 
volutions one to two in number, free or contiguous, moderately 
enlarging for some distance from the apex, and then rather 
abruptly and rapidly expanding. Aperture very large, broadly 
oval, or often nearly circular; lip thin, more or less undulat- 
ing. Surface smooth, but toward the apertural margin exhib- 
iting numerous, often strongly imbricating, sinuous lines of 
erowth. Frequently many small obscure longitudinal folds 
are also present. 

Horizon and localities—Keokuk limestone and shales: 
Wayland (Clarke county); Keokuk and Bonaparte (Iowa); War- 
saw and Niota (Illinois). Burlington limestone: Burlington 
(Iowa); Springfield (Greene county ). 

This species seems to be one of the most abundant gas- 
teropods of the Keokuk beds. Some of the shells often attain 
very considerable measurements: height, 45 mm.; length along 
the dorsum, 95 mm.; breadth,60 mm. Not only is the species 
under consideration variable in size, but it is extremely so in 
form and in the configuration of the apertural margin. Per- 
haps no Capuius in all the Carboniferous presents so wide a 
range of variation a8 does this species. Immature shells ap- 
pear to be glabrate, but as growth proceeded they became more 
and more rugose and imbricate. The spire is as often contig- 
uous as free and simply incurved; and in adult specimens it 


GASTEROPODS. 179 


is relatively very small. The longitudinal folds are not unfre- 
quently very pronounced, and being few in number, impart a 
peculiar trilobate appearance to the shells; in other examples 
all traces of plications are wanting. 

The extensive series of C. equilateralis from the Craw- 
fordsville shales has been very thoroughly studied of late, dis- 
closing many interesting phases of the habits of these gastero- 
pods, hitherto not elsewhere presented in such an eminently 
satisfactory manner. At this locality the sheil is usually at- 
tached to the calyx of Gilbertsocrinus tuberosus (Lyon and 
Casseday ), but the mollusk is not invariably associated with 
this particular species of crinoid, as Meek and Worthen sup- 
posed. A number of typical examples of the Capulus in ques- 
tion have been observed adhering to Platycrinus hemispheri- 
cus (Meek and Worthen), with which, however, is more com- 
mouly associated J. pabulocrinus (Owen). In Gilbertsocrinus 
the vault is relatively large, nearly flat, with the anal opening 
located midway between the center and margin. In both G. 
tuberosus (L. & C.), from the Keokuk shales, and G. typus 
(Hall), from the Burlington limestone, the ventral plates are 
convex, Or, a8 in many specimens, very nodose. The growing 
margin of the gasteropod shell having adapted itself exactly to 
the irregularities of the surface of the crinoidal vault, necessa- 
_vily was always more or less deeply sinuous, each sinus being 
produced by the nodosity of the vault plate in contact; while 
the small linguiform projection between two sinuses extended 
down between the nodes of two contiguous plates. The extreme 
nonparallelism of the lines of growth, so conspiculously evi- 
dent in the shells of many ancient Capuli, is thus capable of 
being traced, and especially in those examples in which the no- 
dosity of the dome plates of the crinoid has reached a high 
development. This phenomenon of nonparallelism of the lines 
of growth is not therefore indicative of a change in station of 
the gasteropod, as has been suggested at various times. 

It has been clearly shown elsewhere that shells of C. equi- 
lateralis, when adhering to flat surfaces, are always very mach 
depressed and have the aperture proportionately much more 


180 GASTEROPODS. 


expanded than the average specimen, while the spire is closely 
incurved, even touching the body of the shell. When the gas- 
teropod is found attached to strongly convex surfaces, or to 
the calyces of Platycrinus, the shell enlarges less rapidly, and 
there is also a tendency for the apex to become free from the 
body-whorl, and even to completely uncoil, often to such an 
extent as to approach closely some forms of the I. pabulocri- 
nus type. ae 

Owen apparently had this form in hand when he figured a 
shell as Ancella crasicollis from the Keokuk rapids of the Mis- 
sissippi river, where it occurs quite abundantly. Its manner of 
preservation, however, tends greatly to obscure its real char- 
acter; and it is doubtless for this reason chiefly that Owen 
failed to detect the true nature of the form. 


Capulus ovalis (STEVENS). 


Acroculia ovalis Stevens, 1858: Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. XXV, p. 261. 
Platyceras levigatum Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,. 
Phila., p. 263. (Not Acroculia levigata McCoy.) 
Capulus ovalis Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 176. 
Shell very small, subglobose; volutions about two and 
one-half in number, contiguous, rather rapidly expanding; spire 


very small. 
Horizon and localities.—Kaskaskia limestone: Union and 
Randolph counties, Illinois; Ste. Genevieve county, Missouri. 
Capulus ovalis is one of the smallest of the lower Carboni- 
ferous Capuli, having a height of only three to six millimeters 
and a maximum breadth of eight millimeters. 


Capulus parvus SwaLLow, 
Plate liv, figs. 5a-b. 


Capulus parvus Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.. voi. I, p. 205. 
Platyceras nebrascense Meek, 1872: U.S. Geol. Sur. Nebraska, p. 227, pl. 
iv, fig. 15. ; 
Platyceras nebrascense White, 1875: U.S. Geog. Sur. w. 100 merid., vol. 
LV, °D. 160.pl xil, agp; 

Platyceras nebrascense White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Rept. for 1883, p.. 
159, pl. xxxii, figs. 15 and 16. 

Capulus parvus Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 

Capulus parvus Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 178, pl. ii,. 
figs. l4a-c. 


GASTEROPODS. 181 


Shell like CO. tribulosus (White), but without spines, and 
with the apex inclined quite noticeably to the right. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 

A careful comparison shows the form described from Ne- 
braska by Meek is only a more matured individual of C. parvus. 
Since, however, Swallow’s species was poorly defined and was 
never figured, and as Meek was the first to give a clear diag- 
nosis of this form, both by a full description and by good illus- 
trations, it is, perhaps, questionable whether Meek’s name 
should not really be retained for the form, Platyceras nebrascense 
having been almost universally applied to this species as oc- 
curring throughout the West. 


Genus IGOCERAS Hatt. 


The reasons for reviving Hall’s generic term Igoceras have 
already been stated fully elsewhere. It is proposed to apply 
the name only to certain more or less distinctly conical shells 
which were originally under Conrad’s abandoned genus Platy- 
ceras. The following American species may be considered as 
properly belonging here: ; 


Platyceras conicum, Hall. P. subplicatum, Meek & Worthen. 


P. perplexum, Hall. P. quincyense, McChesney. 
P. plicatum, Hall. P. fissurella, Hall. 
P. pyramidatum, Hall. P. pabulocrinus, Owen. 


P. capulus, Hall. 


Igoceras pyramidatum (Hatt). 


Platyceras pyramidatum Hall, 1859: Pal. New York, vol. IIL, p. 336, pl. 
xiv, figs. 7,°9. 
Platyceras pyramidatum Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
ILI, p, 389, pl. vii, fig. 11. 
Shell much like that of I. pabulocrinus, but more ventri- 
cose, and the sides convex instead of nearly straight. 
Horizon and localities —Upper Silurian limestone: Bai- 
ley landing (Perry county). 


182 GASTEROPODS. 


Igoceras quincyense ( McCHeEsney ). 
Plate liii, figs. 10a-b. 
Platyceras quincyense McChesney, 1861: Desc. New Foes. Pale. Rocks 
West. States, p. 90. | 
Platyceras quincyense McChesney, 1867: ‘Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. 
I, p. 46, pl. vi, figs. 6a-b. 
Platyceras ( Orthonychia) quincyense Meek & Worthen, 1868: .Geol. Sur. 
Illinois, vol. LII, p. 510, pl. xv, figs. 5a-b. 
Platyceras guincyense Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 290. 
Capulus guincyensis Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 
Capulus quincyensis Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci., Phila., p. 168, pl. 


ii, fig. 9. 
Sache pettiense Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., 

Adv. sheets, p. 81, pl. xiv, fig. 1. 

Platyceras missouriensis Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rept., 

Adv. sheets, p. 83, pl. xiv, fig. 2. 

Shell of medium size, broadly conical, often more or less’ 
elongated; expanding very rapidly and regularly from the cen- 
tral or sub-central apex to the aperture. Usually five broad, 
rounded ridges extend from near the apex to the aperture, which 
is conséquently more or less prominently quinquelobate; the 
ridges are not unfrequently further divided into two or more 
smaller folds. Lip sharp, sinuous. Surface marked by sub- 
imbricating lines of growth, and also by numerous small, often 
undefined, longitudinal costs, which do not appear in the cast. 

florizon and localities.—Burlington limestone: Burling- 
ton (lowa ), Quincy ( Illinois ); Sedalia. 
~The specimens described by McChesney and by Meek and 
Worthen, were either exfoliated examples or internal casts ;- 
and this is the condition in which the species is usually found. 
Owing to the peculiar state of preservation, the shells quickly 
crumble away in handling, leaving only the internal casts, but 
the distinctive quinquelobate character always renders them 
easily recognizable. In the examples figured by McChesney, 
and also by Meek and Worthen, the apices are wanting, but 
the individuals were not as imperfect as was supposed. 

During the earlier period of their growth many of the 
sheils of I. quincyense were very broad, but when attaining 
about one-third their maximum size, the aperture abruptly 





GASTEROPODS. 183 


became relatively smaller, leaving a sharp sub-angular ridge 
around the shell, parallel to the apertural margin. This ab- 
rupt decrease in the expansion of the shell imparts to the nat- 
ural internal casts the appearance of an apical truncation or 
fracture. 

In its attachment to Paleozoic crinoids, the only form 
with which J. quincyense has thus far been found associated 
is Physetocrinus ventricosus ( Hall) a species having a rather de- 
pressed hemispherical dome, in which the ventral opening has 
a subcentral location. The dome-plates are small and numer- 
ous, and frequently studded with small prominent tubercles or 
sub-spinous processes, which impart to the gasteropod shell 
series of minute corrugations extending over each of the 
larger folds. : 

Igoceras capulus Halu. 
Plate lii, figs. la-b. 
Platyceras capulus Hall, 1859: Geology Lowa, vol. I, Supp., p. 19. 
Metoptoma umbella Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
i201 
Ra wit Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. III, 

p. 506, pl. xv, figs. Ga-c, and 7. 

Shell conical, much depressed, with a few broad, more or 
less obscurely defined longitudinal folds; apex nearly central. 
Aperture very large, circular in outline; lip somewhat undulat- 
ing. Surface marked only by lines of growth. The muscular 
scars, a8 Observed in some specimens, consist of curved, oblong 
impressions on each side, united behind by a narrow band. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal, Ritter station (Greene county). 
| Although much more depressed than any other known 
form of the genus, there seems to be but little doubt, at pres- 
ent, that the shell under consideration properly belongs to the 
same group as I. pabulocrinus of Owen. Hall's original descrip- 
tion was rather incomplete and unaccompanied by illustrations 
of any kind, besides being published in an obscure place; but 
the common occurrence of the species at the typical locality 
leaves no room for reasonable doubt as to the shell Hall had 


184 GASTEROPODS. 


in hand. In regard to Meek & Worthen’s Metoptoma umbella, 
there appear to be no good grounds for considering it as dis- 
tinct from Hall’s form. 


Igoceras pabulocrinus (OWEN). 
Plate lii, figs. 3a-b, and pl. liv, figs. 3a-l. 


Platyceras subrectum Hall, 1859: Geology Iowa, vol. I, Supp., p. 89. (Not 

P. subrectum Hall, 1859.) 

Platyceras subrectum Hall, 1860: Twelfth Ann. Reg. Rept., Univ. N. Y., 

p.18. (Not P. subrectum Hall, 1859, New York shell.) 

Pileopsis pabulocrinus Owen, 1862: Geol. Sur. Indiana, p. 365, fig. 8. 
Platyceras infundibulum Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nai. Sci., 

Phila., p. 266. 

Platyceras extinctor Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 

p. 266. (Never formally proposed.) 

Platyceras infundibulum Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, 

p. 517, pl. xvii, fig. 3. 

Platyceras infundibulum Keyes, 1888: Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc., vol. 

AAV Di cess ale 
Platyceras infundibulum Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 289. 
Capulus infundibulum Keyes, 1890: Am. Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 
Capulus infundibulum Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 174, 

DISii aie was 

Shell more or less conical, often somewhat oblique, with 
usually many undefined longitudinal folds; apical portions 
slender, expanding regularly at first and then more rapidly. 
Apex attenuated, often slightly deflected toward the posterior 
side. Surface smooth, but toward the aperture marked by 
numerous undulating, frequently imbricating lines of growth. 

Horizon and localcties—Keokuk limestone and shales: 
Keokuk, lowa; Warsaw, Illinois; Crawfordsville, Indiana. 
Burlington limestone: Burlington (lowa); Springfield (Greene 
county). 

The name pabulocrinus was given to the species under 
consideration for the reason that the mollusk was thought to 
form the food of crinoids, since it was often found adhering to 
the calyx of the echinoderm directly over the opening in test. 
This explanation appears quite plausible; but long ago this 
view was proved false. Owen gave practically no descrip- 
tion of the shell; and his figure was roughly executed, 


Showing hardly anything more than the bare outlines of the 


GASTEROPODS. 185 


specimen. The illustration, however, represents the gastero- 
pod attached to the side of the common and well-known crin- 
oid Platycrinus hemisphericus Meek and Worthen, so that 
not the slightest doubt is entertained as to which shell it was 
intended to portray. Besides, at Crawfordsville, this mollusk is 
almost invariably associated with the crinoid just mentioned. 
Only two other species of the genus— (0. equilateralis and 0. 
sulcatinus —are known to occur at the Indiana locality, and 
these are both very different. Taking all things into consider- 
ation, therefore, and remembering that Hall’s name Platyceras 
subrectum had been preoccupied, it seems advisable to restore 
Owen’s title for the shell in question. 

The form most closely allied to this species is C. Hsurella 
(Hall), from which it is distinguished in being proportionally 
more elongate, while the apical part of the shell is character- 
istically slender. Ordinarily the shell is more or less conspciu- 
ously plicate, but the folds are, for the most part, narrow, and 
usually irregular and broken. 

For an elongated specimen, Meek & Worthen have indi- 
cated the name Platyceras extinctor “should it prove distinct,” 
but the term cannot be regarded as having been actually pro- 
posed, while the form itself is manifestly only an attenuated 
internal cast of /. pabulocrinus. It, however, exhibits well 
the characteristic muscular impressions. 

This species, like C. equilateralis (Hall), with which it is 
usually associated, occurs in the Burlington limestone and 
ranges through the Keokuk. Its association with crinoids at 
Crawfordsville, Indiana, has been forthe most part with Platy- 
crinus hemisphericus M. & W.; while at Barlington it ad- 
heres toa structurally similar form, Hucladocrinus millebra- 
chiatus W. & Spr. The vaultin the first species is very much 
elevated, and the anal opening is situated laterally between, 
and slightly above, two arm bases. The dorsal cup is orna- 
mented by numerous conspicuous rounded tubercles. As the 
shell increased in size the pliant apertural margin encountered 
successively the different nodes, which caused the lip at these 
points to deflect outward, giving rise to variously shaped pro- 


186 GASTEROPODS. 


minences on the shell; when the tubercles were arranged in 
regular rows, there appeared a series of nodular plications. In 
many cases the gasteropod shell increased in size much faster 
than the echinoderm, and the lip of the shell consequently often 
encompassed the two posterio-lateral arms, and not unfre- 
quently, also, the stem of the crinoid. The result was two 
large, deep sinuses in the anterior, and one similar indentation 
in the posterior margin of the shell. The effect of the tubercles 
was to impart a similar sinuous character to the entire margin, 
hence the lip was always crenated during the latter part of the 
mollusk’s existence. The continual change in the nature of the 
surface upon which the gasteropod rested, also interfered with 
the uniform and regular growth along the apertural margin, and 
the lines of growth are consequently often strongly imbricated. 


Igoceras fissurella ( Hatt). 


Plate lil, fig. 2. 

Platyceras fissurella Hall, 1859: Geology [owa, vol. I, Supp., p. 90. 
Platyceras fissurella Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 

519, pl. xvii, fig. 4. 
Platyceras fissurella Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 289. 
Capulus fissurella Keyes, 1890: Am. Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 
Capulus fissurella Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 173. 

The species under consideration is closely allied to Igoceras 
pabulocrinus (Owen), from which it differs chiefly in being 
much more depressed, with the aperture consequently very 
much larger in proportion to the size of the shell. 

Florizon and localities—Keokuk limestone: Warsaw and 
Nauvoo, Illinois; Burlington limestone: Burlington (Iowa). 

The specific name of this form is very inappropriate, hav- 
ing originated in a misconception on the part of the author of 
the species as to the true nature of the apical perforation in 
the type specimen. It has been clearly shown by Meek and 
Worthen that the aperture in the apex is not a natural opening, 
but an accidental fracture in the shell. 

Recently typical examples of /. #ssurella have been found 
in the upper Burlington limestone, thus adding another case 
in support of the view lately advanced, that the faunas of the 


GASTEROPODS. 187 


Keokuk and Burlington limestones are much more intimately 
related biologically than had hitherto been generally regarded ; 
and that many so-called Keokuk species are merely the subse- 
quent genetic representatives of Burlington forms. The 
validity of their distinction simply on account of occurring in 
differently named geological horizons cannot be sustained. It 
is not to be supposed that the biologic sequence of two divi- 
sions, as the Burlington and Keokuk, so closely related strati- 
graphically and lithologically, and deposited under identical, 
quiet conditions should be so widely separated faunally as the 
described species from these limestones would indicate. 


Genus Orthonychia HALL. 


Under Conrad’s generic name, a multitude of paleozoic 
gasteropods have been described. The genus has long been 
made to embrace a great variety of species, some of which 
are manifestly not at all closely related to one another geneti- 
cally. Of these a few have been assigned lately to the groups 
to which they more properly belong. But there still remain 
a considerable number of shells which are clearly not mem- 
bers of the genus, but whose generic relationship cannot at 
present be determined with exactness. It is, however, some 
of the more familiar species commonly referred to Platyceras 
that are to be considered in the present connection. 

These shells fall naturally into three groups, more or less 
easily distinguished by the general shape. One section is char- 
acterized by having a small, closely coiled spire more or less 
contiguous with the large campanulate body-whorl. Another 
group includes those shells having a very small spire, usually 
arched, but seldom closely coiled, the body-whorl being much 
elongated vertically, or often more or less distinetly spiral. 
A third section embraces the straight conical forms, having 
very little or no curvature to the spiral parts. To the first of 
these groups Montfort’s generic title Capulus applies; for the 
second and third it seems advisable to revive Hall’s names, 
Orthonychia and Igoceras. These groups may require eventu- 
ally some further modifications, but they appear to satisfy all 


188 GASTEROPODS. 


present requirements, at least insofar as the American forms | 
are concerned. 

The following American shells are regarded as the most 
typical representatives of Orthonychia: 


. ineile, Hall. 

. tubzforme, Hall. 

. curvirostrum, Hall. 

. agreste, Hall. 

. arcuatum, Hall. 

. tortucsum, Hall. 

. cyrtolites, McChesney. 

. chesterense, Meek & Worthen. 


Platyceras subrectum, Hall. 
. dentalium, Hall. 

. concavum, Hall. 

. attenuatum, Hall. 

. unguiforme, Hall. 

. lamellosum, Hall. 

. 8pirale, Hall. 

. acutirostrum, Hall. 

. formosum, Keyes. 


cones: inci ac ao Ma°iise 


PO oo 0 


Orthonychia spirale (Hatt). 


Platyceras spirale Hall, 1859: Pal. New York, vol. III, p. 331, pl. lxiii, 
figs. 4-9. 

Platyceras spirale Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. III, p. 
389, pl. vii, figs. 2a-c. 


Shell small, elongate, completely uncoiled, gradually in- 
creasipg in size from the apex; body-whorl with a few broad 
longitudinal folds. Aperture subcircular, margin sinuous. 
Surface smooth, marked only by lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Silurian limestone: Bai- 
ley landing ( Perry county ). 


Orthonychia cyrtolites ( McCHEsney ). 
Plate liii, fig 15. 
Platyceras cyrtolites McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss. West. 

States, p. 71. 

Platyceras cyrtolites Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 288. 

Capulus cyrtolites Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 

Capulus cyrtolites Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 167, pl. 
ile ero. 

Shell small, slender, arched; composed of about one volu- 
tion; dorsally sub-angular, with a broad flattened area on each 
side; posteriorly somewhat plicate. Apical portion small, 
incurved, sometimes enrolled or contiguous. Aperture mod- 
erately large, sub-quadrangular; lip sharp, sinuous. Surface 
marked by strongly undulating lines of growth, which are often 
somewhat imbricated. 


GASTEROPODS. 189 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Hannibal. 

This species appears to be genetically related to O. acuti- 
rostre (Hall), from the Keokuk; and eventually the two may 
prove identical. 


Orthonychia formosum (Keyss). 
Plate liii, fig. 2. 


Platyceras formosum Keyes, 1888: Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc., vol. XXV, 

p. 242, figs. 8-9. (Reprint, p. 14.) 

Capulus formosus Keyes, 1890: American Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 
Cupulus formosus Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 164, pl. 

ii, fig. 8. 

Shell arcuate, enlarging rapidly to the ample, irregularly 
pentalobate aperture; longitudinally plicated. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook 
group: Marshall county, lowa; Burlington limestone: Louisi- 
ana. 

The two original specimens are attached to the ventral 
surfaces of specimens of Dorycrinus immaturus W. & Spr. At 
Louisiana the form occurs in chert nodules. This species re- 
sembles, in some respects, C. paralius (W.& W.), but is simply 
arcuate instead of being coiled. 


Orthonychia boonvillense (MrLuer). 


Platyceras boonvillense Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., 
Adv. sheets, p. 82, pl. xiv, figs. 15-1. 


A rather small, regularly arched form, with a subcircular 
aperture. 

Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville. 


190 GASTEROPODS. 


Orthonychia acutirostre (Hatt). 
Plate liv, figs. 2a—c. 


Capulus acutrostris Hall, 1856: Trans. Albany Inst.,vol. IV, p. 31. 

Capulus acutirostris Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 665, pl. xxiii, 
figs. 14a-b. 

Platyceras (Capulus) acutirostris McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pale. Foss. 

West. States, p. 71. 

Platyceras uncum Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 

Dp: 264, , 

Platyceras uncum Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, p. 

B10, Dik Villette 
Platyceras acutirostris Whitfield, 1882: Bul. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. I, 

Dio 6s. 

Platyceras acutirostris Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indiana, p. 370, pl. xxxi, 

figs. 13-15. 

Capulus acutirostris Keyes, 1890: Am. Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 
Capulus acutirostris Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 170. 

Shell below medium size, rather slender, strongly arcuate, 
forming from one to one and one-half volutions; posterior 
side for some distance from apertural margin nearly straight. 
Spire laterally more or less compressed; sometimes small and © 
short, sometimes long, attenuate, simply incurved or enrolled. 
Aperture oval, or sub-circular; margin sharp, sinuous. Surface 
marked by somewhat imbricated lines of growth, and several 
obscurely defined longitudinal plications, the anterior one be- 
ing usually larger than the others, and often forming a promi: 
nent subangular ridge. 

Horizon and localities—Keokuk limestone and shales: 
Warsaw and Nauvoo, Illinois; Saint Louis limestone: Spur- 
geon Hill and Bloomington, Indiana; Tuscumbia, Alabama. 

This form appears to have a geographically wide distribu- 
tion; and it also presents considerable variation, even within 
limited areas. It was originally described from Spurgeon Hill, 
Indiana, and like all the faunal remains of that locality is char- 
acteristically depauperate. Platyceras uncum M. & W. seems 
to be identical with this species, the imposed conditions of en- 
vironment being more favorable to a normal development, and 
to the attainment of somewhat larger proportions. 


GASTEROPODS. 191 


Orthonychia chesterense (MEEK & WorTHEN). 
Plate liv, figs. la-d. 
Platyceras (Orthonychia) chesterense Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. 

Nat. Sci., Phila.,; p: 265. 

Platyceras chesterense Keyes, 1888: Proc. Am. Philosophical Soc., vol. 

XXV, figs. 4-5. 

Capulus chesterensis Keyes, 189): . American Geologist, vol. VI, p. 9. 
Capulus chesterensis Keyes, 1890: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 176, 
pl. ii, figs. 13a-d. | 

Shell quite small, obliquely conical, with usually five more 
or less well-defined longitudinal furrows, which alternate with 
broad, flattened folds. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve. 

This little species is found almost invariably attached to 
the vaults of crinoids; and Meek & Worthen report one adher- 
ing to the side of Pentremites godoni DeFrance, * so as to en- 
tirely cover one of the pseudo-ambulacral fields and two 
intermediate areas.” The specimens from Kentucky are nearly 
_all attached to Pterotocrinus—P. acutus, P. bifurcatus and P. 
depressus. In the first of these species the ventral side is 
very much elevated, being nearly three times the height of the 
dorsal cup. The first radial dome-plates are produced into 
monstrous alate processes, leaving only a small summit, which 
is perforated for the anus. The margin of the gasteropod 
shell has followed closely the surface in contact; and in the 
majority of cases, when the apical part of the crinoidal vault 
was not sufficiently extensive for the support of the enlarging 
shell, the apertural margin has been prolonged into the inter- 
radial depressions, forming prominent, rounded, linguiform 
extensions; while the protruding upper edges of the alate 
dome-plates of the crinoid have given rise to five deep, 
broadly rounded sinuses in the lip of the molluscan shell. The 
lines of growth in the shell are therefore extremely sinuous, 
the undulations in the direction of the aperture being concave 
on the broad, flattened folds, and convex in the furrows. In 
some specimens the furrows and folds have their crigin near 
the apex—a fact which is suggestive that the forms of the shell 


192 GASTEROPODS. 


and the configuration of the apertural margin may not be en- 
tirely dependent upon the immediate surface in contact; but 
from a long-continued habit of adhering to a crinoid presenting 
such remarkable ventral features as Pierotocrinus, the gaster- 
opod gradually acquired, after many generations, a decided 
tendency toward the quinquelobate form, which made itself 
manifest at an early period of the mollusk’s existence, and per- 
haps even in the latter part of the embryonic stage. 

In order to bring the mouth over the ventral aperture of 
the crinoid, and at the same time rest securely on the limited, 
flattened, summit, at one side of which the anal opening was sit- 
uated it was necessary for the gasteropod to have the anterior 
portion of the shell directed toward the posterior side of the 
crinoid —one of the few instances of the kind that have been 
noted; for almost invariably the front of the gasteropod shell 
is directed toward the anterior side of the echinoderm. 


Genus Strophostylus HAL... 


The group embraces a considerable number of familiar 
species, ranging in geologic time from the Niagara epoch to 
the close of the Paleozoic. It is rather unfortunate, therefore, 
that Conrad’s term, Platystoma, had been preoccupied, having 
been used in generic diagnoses on at least four different 
occasions. Megerle early applied this name to certain mol- 
lusks closely related to Baccinum; but so far as is known, no 
formal publication of the term was ever made. Were this the 
only obstacle in the way, Conrad’s genus might be allowed to 
stand, for the reason that Megerle’s proposition was only in 
manuscript. Klein, however, proposed Platystoma in 1753 for 
a genns of Cyclostomacea. Meigen adopted the same term in 
1803 for certain flies, and Agassiz, in 1829, also used it for a 
section of Silurid fishes. The preoccupation of Conrad’s 
Platyostoma by Klein’s Platystoma, like a number of similar 
cases, has been objected to on the ground that the two terms, 
while derived from the same words, are not identical, because 
Conrad’s compound has a connecting o. It is quite manifest, 
however, that both generic words are taken from platys and 


GASTEROPODS. 193 


stoma; and that from these it was the intention of Conrad to 
construct a correct generic term. In this attempt he used by 
mistake the connecting 0, which is necessary in forming com- 
pounds with many Greek words, but which in the present 
instance was not called for, since the term is formed directly 
without the intervention of a copulatory vowel. For these 
reasons Conrad’s and Klein’s proposals cannot be regarded as 
distinct. ) 

Since it is clear, then, that Platystoma cannot be retained 
for the American group of Paleozoic gasteropods, some other 
term must be adopted. Fisher has taken advantage of the 
questionable validity of Conrad’s name, and has recently pro- 
posed Diaphorostoma for the same group, with Platystoma 
niagarensis Hall for his type. This writer places Hall’s Stro- 
phostylus as a subgenus under Diaphorostoma; while Zittel 
assigns Hall’s section to a similar taxonomic rank, but under 
Platystoma. Had Conrad’s type of Platystoma not been a form 
midway between the two extremes of a series forming the 
group, Fisher’s name might be retained; but the type of Stro- 
phostylus is congeneric with P. ventricosum; and as this name 
was the next proposed, it must be taken into consideration. 
Were it not for this fact, two sections of this group of shells 
could be with great propriety made. As regards the term 
Strophostylus, it was established by Hall in 1859 for certain 
shells closely related to Platystoma, but differing chiefly in 
having a slightly “twisted or spirally grooved columella.” 

Recently a large series of the most important species of 
both Platystoma and Strophostylus was examined and the ma- 
trix carefully removed from the apertural portions of many of 
the shells. The stractural features disclosed in the various 
forms show a relationship between the two established genera 
that was long suspected. It is well known that the type of Con- 
' rad’s genus— Platystoma ventricosum Conrad—is a somewhat 
globose shell with a small spire elevated slightly, and having 
the aperture broadly ovate. The inner lip is somewhat thick- 
ened and subangular within, giving a slight indication of a col- 

G—14 


194 GASTEROPODS. 


umella. In all respects it very closely resembles the typical 
forms of Strophostylus cyclostomus Hall, from the Niagara 
shales of Waldron, Indiana. The shells described under Platy- 
stoma subsequent to the appearance of the original diagnosis 
vary more or less from the typical species. The general tend- 
ency, however, has been to include under Conrad’s genus those 
forms having a rather small, depressed spire, the inner lip rather 
thin, and simply reflected over the body-whorl. Often the lip 
does not touch the second volution, and the mouth of the shell 
is frequently free for a considerable distance. Some of these 
forms closely approach Paleozoic species of Capulus. 

When, in 1859, Hall examined the interior of a Platystoma- 
like shell (which he afterward called Strophostylus andrews<), 
he found that the specimen had the inner lip considerably 
thickened and somewhat angular within. As a matter of 
course, the interior angularity appeared twisted on account of | 
the continued enlargement of the shell to the adult stage. In 
some individuals the thickening was considerably exaggerated, 
and formed a short projecting lamella or ridge. But from the 
figures given by Hall it is clear that this was not entirely char- 
acteristic, and the two specimens figured in the text differ 
widely in this particular. Nevertheless, Strophostylus was 
proposed, and has since been applied to nearly a score of 
species. 

The limits of Conrad’s and Hall’s genera have never been 
precisely defined in the descriptions of species, and the larger 
majority of the forms in question have manifestly been as- 
signed to their respective groups, more on account of the gen- 
eral shape of the shell than from an examination of the 
columella parts, which were only in exceptional cases visible 
without the removal of the hard matrix. 

From the foregoing it is evident that Strophostylus and 
Platystoma are practically identical, and that, therefore, the 
two must be regarded as synonymous. The type of the first 
section, Strophostylus andrewsi, actually stands at one ex- 
tremity of a rather extensive and variant series of shells, of 
which Platystoma ventricosum is one of the median members. 


GASTEROPODS. 195 


At the other extremity are the Capulus-like forms, similar to_ 
those described by White and Whitfield as Platyceras bivolve. 

Strophostylus, as now understood, embraces three rather 
well-marked types of shells. One of these sections contains 
chiefly those extreme forms upon which the genus was origin- 
ally founded. These shells are subglobose, with the spire some- 
what elevated; the columella parts are prominent, and the 
front portion of the inner lip is considerably thickened, often 
having a distinct depression or groove, which continues inward 
around the columella. This group finds its greatest develop- 
ment in the Upper Silurian. Another section includes shells 
similar to Strophostylus ( Platystoma) niagarensis, in which 
the spire is depressed, the inner lip simply anchylosed to the 
body-whorl, and thickened to little or no extent. These forms 
predominate in the Devonian.. They closely approach certain 
Capuli, which have been called Platycerata, and it is very pro- 
bable that the generic position of a number of species in the 
latter genus will be modified upon more critical examinations 
of all the forms. To the third section belong chiefly Carbon- 
iferous shells like Strophostylus ( Platystoma) peoriensis Me- 
Chesney. 


Strophostylus reversus (HAtzrzL). 


Platyceras reversum Hall, 1860: Geology Lowa, vol. I, Supp., p. 91. 
Platyceras reversum Meek & Worthen, 1868: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. [I, p. 
508, pl. xv, figs. 4a—b. 


Shell ventricose, subovate; volutions about two in number, 
rapidly increasing in size from the apex; spire very small, de- 
pressed, somewhat flattened; aperture large, subcircular in 
outline. Columella narrow, furrowed longitudinally. Surface 
marked only by lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities —ULower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville (Cooper county). 

As remarked in the Synopsis of American Carbonic Calyp- 
treide, this form is not a member of the Capulus nor Platyceras 
group, but manifestly belongs to Strophostylus as now under: 
stood. Meek’s discovery of a well-defined, grooved columellar 
thickening in the Boonville specimen adds further proof oo its 
affinities to the genus ee alluded to. 


196 GASTEROPODS. 


Strophostylus ? carleyana (Ha zt). 


Natica carleyana Hall, 1856: Trans. Albany Inst., vol. 1V, p. 31. 
Naticopsis carleyana Miller, 1877: Cat. Am. Pal. Foss., p. 154. 
Naticopsis carleyana Whitfield, 1882: Bul. American Mus. Nat. Hist , No. 
3, p. 71, pl. viii, figs. 26-27. 
Naticopsis carleyana Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 12th Ann. Rept., p. 
369, pl. xxxi, figs, 26-27. 
A minute shell, consisting of about three whorls ; and with 
inner lip greatly thickened. 
LTorizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 


limestone: Alton, Illinois. 


Strophostylus nana Mzex & WorrHEN. 


Platystoma nana Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila., 


p. 463. 
Naticopsis nana Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II. p. 
365, pl. xxxi, fig. 4. 
Naticopsis nana White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th. Ann. Rep., pt. 


ii, p. 162, pl. xxxvi, figs. 6-7. 
Naticopsis nana Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 257. 


Shell very small, globose, slightly wider than high; volu- 
tions three or four in number, increasing rapidly in size; body 
whorl very large and ventricose, spire low and small; suture 
deep. Aperture large, broadly ovate. Surface marked by 
fine lines of growth, which pass into small regularly arranged 
elevations near the suture. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Clinton (Henry county), Kansas City. 

A recent examination of a good series of the form under 
consideration from Iowa, appears to indicate that the shell is 
not a true Naticopsis, as was thought by Meek & Worthen, and 
as is generally understood, but belongs more properly to Hall’s 
genus Strophostylus as recently amended. As already stated 
in another place, it has been deemed advisable to modify some- 
what the limits of Naticopsis, and apply the name only to those 
shells having a close resemblance to the typical species which,. 
without exception so far as is known, have amore or less well- 
defined series of short, transverse ridges near the sutural line. 


GASTEROPODS. 197 


Strophostylus remex (WuHitTeE). 
Plate lv, figs. 7a-b. 


Nuaticopsis renexr White, 1876: Geol. Uinta Mts., p. 109. 
Naticopsis remex White, 1883: U.S. Geol. and Geog. Sur. Terr., p. 139, 
pl. xxxiv, fig. 6. 


Shell rather small, partially uncoiled toward the aperture ; 
whorls about four in number, very convex; spire short. 
Aperture sub-circular; lip sharp. Surface smooth, or only 
marked by lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 

The form under consideration is not of uncommon occur- 
rence in western Missouri and eastern Kansas, and appears to 
be identical with the shell described by White as Naticopsis 
remex. Well-preserved shells show plainly that this species is 
a member of the group represented in the Coal Measures by 
Platystoma peoriense of McChesney and has none of the dis- 
tinguishing characters of Naticopsis as at present understood. 
The last whorl is somewhat uncoiled, just as in certain Upper 
Silurian species from Waldron, Indiana. 


Strophostylus peoriensis ( McCuEsney). 
Plate lii, fig. 6. 
Platystema peoriense McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 62. 
Platystoma peoriense McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. 

I, p. 49, pl. ii, figs. lla-b. ; 

Strophostylus peoriensis Keyes, 1890: Am. Naturalist, vol. XXIV, p. 115, 

Die xxxili, ig. 7. 

Shell of medium size, thin, somewhat elongated; volu- 
tions about two in number, contiguous, enlarging rather rap- 
idly, the outer one quite ventricose; spire depressed, scarcely 
rising above the general level of the whorls; suture rather 
deep, distinct. Aperture ovate. Surface glabrate, with very 
fine lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City. 


198 GASTEROPODS. 


Genus Naticopsis McCoy. 


The described species of Naticide from the American 
Paleozoic rocks number about three score. These have com- 
monly been referred to the genera Naticopsis, Platystoma and 
_Strophostylus. The first of these three terms was proposed 
in 1844 by McCoy, and included shells which had previously 
been assigned to the modern genus Natica. Seven species 
were enumerated under the new title ; but of the accompany- 
ing figures only two showed the apertural characters. In 
America the shells of this group were first recognized by Nor- 
wood and Pratten, who described from the Coal Measures 
Natica ventricosa. Shortly afterward several other forms were 
detected and placed under the same genus. It was then found 
that McCoy’s generic term was applicable to the American 
forms hitherto regarded as Natice; and still more recently 
it was discovered that in addition to the species generally 
recognized as belonging to Naticopsis, the genus should also 
include several other forms now known under other generic 
titles. 

The species that have been referred to Naticopsis appear 
to form at least two, and possibly three, more or less well- 
defined groups. These sections differ so greatly in several 
important particulars that actually they should be regarded as 
generically distinct. Meek and Worthen, recognizing the fact, 
proposed to establish three subgenera; but their subdivisions 
were based upon surface ornamentation. The three sections 
were: Naticopsis proper, a group typified by Werzta subcos: 
tata Goldfuss, but not named; and Trachydomia, including 
N. nodosa, M. & W., NV. hollidayi M. & W.and Littorina 
wheelert Swallow; besides two European species. In Nati- 
copsis proper, as represented by the typical forms, and by the 
majority of American species referred to the genus, the shells 
are relatively thin; the spire very short; the outer lip ex- 
tremely thin and sharp; the inner lip also thin and slightly 
depressed; the last volutions generally more or less flattened 
or concave on the upper half, and marked toward the suture 


GASTEROPODS. 199 


by numerous small, short, equidistant cost parallel to the 
lines of growth; the surface otherwise glabrate. 


Naticopsis ventricosa (Norwoop & PraTTEN). 


Natica ventrica Norwood & Pratten, 1854: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 

(2), vol. ILL, p. 76, pl. ix, figs. 10a-b. 
Naticopsis magister Stevens, 1858: Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. XXV, p. 261. 
Naticopsis pricei Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. [, p. 202. 
Natica shumardi McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 62. 

Natica altonensis McUhesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 63. 
Naticopsis shumardi McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, 

p. 49. 

Naticopsis altonensis McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, 

p. 50, pl. ii, fig. 14. 

Naticopsis ventricosa Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. V, 

p. 592, pl. xxviii, figs. 13a-b. : 
Naticopsis altonensis Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, 

p. 595, pl. xxviii, figs. lla-b. 

Naticopsis altonensis, var. gigantea Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illi- 
nois, vol. V, pl. xxviii, figs. lZa-b. 

Shell ovoid; spire small, depressed; volutions two or 
three, the last one very large and ventricose, regularly rounded, 
except near the suture, where it is slightly flattened or concave. 
Suture deeply impressed toward the aperture, which is oval, 
compressed above; labrum sharp; columellar lip thick, smooth. 
Surface marked by fine lines of growth, which, near the suture, 
pass into small, well-defined, rounded ridges. 

Horizon and localities—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City, Clinton (Henry county). 


Genus Trachydomia Mrek & WorTHEN. 

The term Trachydomia was originally proposed by Meek 
& Worthen in 1866, as a subgenus of Naticopsis McCoy. It is 
now believed that the characters are sufficiently well marked 
to admit of a distinct generic separation from McCoy’s genus. 

In contradistinction to Naticopsis the shells of Trachydo- 
mia are massive, with the spire larger and more elevated; the 
outer lip very thick, but abruptly becoming sharp; the éolu- 
mella very heavy, the callosity thick and greatly extended; the 
volutions shallowly channeled along the suture; and the sur- 
face covered with numerous small equidistant nodes. But 
two North American specimens—Zittorina wheelerz Swallow 


200 GASTEROPODS. 


and WVaticopsis nodosa Meek & Worthen—seem to be refera- 
ble to Trachydomia; the other three forms described under 
the genus M. & W., T.hollidayz M. & W., and T. nodulosa 
Worthen, being at present regarded merely as more mature 
individuals the first of T. nodosa, and the second of Swallow’s 
species. A comparison of an extensive series shows that within 
certain limits the shells of this group are quite variable. The 
cailosity in some specimens is much more extended than in 
others; while numerically the surface nodes vary greatly in 
different individuals, and become much larger and more widely 
separated as, with age, the shell increases in size. 


Trachydomia wheeleri (Swallow). 
Plate lv, fig. 8. 
Littorina wheelert Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p.658. 
Naticopsis (Trachydomia) wheeleri Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Iili- 
nois, vol. il, p. 364. 
Naticopsis wheeleri Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. L[llinois, vol. V, p. 
595, pl. xxviii, fig. 3. 
Naticopsis wheeleri White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Ann. Rep. 1883, pt. 
ii, p. 162, pl. xxxii, figs. 13-14. 
Trachydomia nodulosa Worthen, 1884: Illinois State Mus. Nat. Hist., 
Bul. 2, p. 8. 
Trachydomia wheeleri Keyes, 1889: Am. Geologist, vol. IV, p. 195. 
Trachydomia wheeleri Keyes, 1890: The Nautilus, vol. LV, p. 30. 
Trachydomia nodulosa Wortben, 1891: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VIII, p. 
146, pl xxiii, figs. 11-lla. 
Trachydomia wheeleri Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 257. 


Shell thick ; whorls four or five; the spire rather elevated, 
aperture ovate, outer lip rapidly becoming attenuated; callosity 
of the inner labrum thick and greatly extended. Columella 
heavy. Surface covered by numerous regularly arranged tu- 
bercles. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Coal Meas- 
ures: Clinton (Henry county), Kansas City. Also Peoria, 
Springfield, Alton and elsewhere in Illinois; Des Moines, Iowa; 
and, according to White, in New Mexico. 

The first species of this group described from the Ameri- 
can Paleozoic rocks was brought to notice by Swallow under 
the name of Litiorina wheeleri. Since the appearance of Swal- 
low’s description, three other similar shells have been given 


GASTEROPODS. 201 


specific titles: 7. nodosa M. & W., which was regarded as the 
type ofthe genus; 7. hollidayi M.& W.and 7. nodulosa Wor- 
then. Now the known shells of this type have a wide geo- 
graphic distribution. A careful comparison of a considerable 
number of shells from widely separated localities leads to the 
conclusion that the described forms of Trachydomia should 
all be referred to only two species—the earliest noticed—Z. 
wheelert and T. nodosa. The various slight modifications in 
size and number of nodes are ascribed to local differences in 
environment; and the complete intergradation of the several 
forms renders this view necessary. 

The callosity of the inuer lip becomes very much thickened 
in some individuals, but this feature is not so conspicuous in 
the majority of examples. It is interesting to note in this con- 
‘nection that among the shells from Illinois there are a number in 
which the coloration of the callous portions and of the interior 
surface is still preserved. In some cases the color is an in- 
tense shining black; in some a purplish black; in others dull, 
faded purple, and in a few the color has nearly disappeared. 
Aside from the apertural parts all traces of the original colora- 
tion of the shell are lost. Under the ordinary circumstances 
of fossilization the primitive coloring could hardly be expected 
to be preserved, except in rare cases, and the few recorded 
instances of Paleozoic species retaining traces of the early. 
color are of peculiar interest. 


Trachydomia nodosum (Merk & WorrTHEN). 


Naticopsis nodosa Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p 463. 

Naticopsis hollidayt Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 463. 

Naticopsis nodosa Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 

366, pl. xxxi, fig. 2. 

Naticopsis nodosa, var. hollidayi Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
Vou L, P.no/y Pl. X&X1, fig. 3, 


Shell similar to 7. wheelerz, but much larger, more massive, 
and with the nodes of greater size. 

florizon and localities.—_Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas Cily. 


202 GASTEROPODS. 


Aclisina ?? bellilineata MILLER, 


Aclisina bellilineata Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rept., 
_ Adv. sheets, p. 85, pl. xiv, fig. 10. 
Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Kinder- 
hook limestone: Sedalia. 


Aclisina minuta (STEVENS ). 


Aclis minuta Stevens, 1853: Am. Jour. Sci.,(2), vol XXV, p. 259. 

Murchisonia minima Swallow, 1888: ‘Trans. st. Louis Acad. sSci., vol. I, 
p. 203. 

Aclisina minuta de Koninck, 1881: Ann. de Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat. de la 
Belgique, t. VI, p. 86. 

Aclisina minuta Keyes, 1883: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 240. 

Aclisina minuta Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 259. 
Shell minute, turreted, composed of rine or more volutions. 

Whorls regularly convex; suture deeply impressed. Aperture 

subcircular. Surface ornamented by numerous fine revolving ~ 

lines. 


Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Lexington. 


Aclisina steyensana (Mgsk & WorTHEN). 


Turritella stevensana Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. II, 
p. 382, pl. xxvii, figs. 8-18a. 


Shell much like A. minuta, but considerably larger, with 
fewer revolving lines of ornamentation. | 

florizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. | 


Aclisina robusta (STEvVEns ). 


Aclis robusta Stevens, 1858: Am. Jour. Scl., (2), vol. XXV, p. 259. 
Aclis robusta Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VY, p. 596, 
pl. xxix, figs. 6a-b. 
Aclisina robusta Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p 240. 
Like A. minuta, but much shorter, and with three or four 
volutions less. 


florizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 





GASTEROPODS. 203 


Genus Bulimorpha WuitFIzLp. 


In addition to those species originally included Bulimor- 
pha has recently been found to embrace several described 
forms long known under other generic titles. The group was 
first designated as Bulimella by Hall, but this name was pre- 
occupied by Pfeiffer. Recognizing that Hall’s name could not 
be retained, Meek and Worthen, who, in 1866, had just intro- 
duced Portlock’s term Polyphemopsis into the literature of 
American Paleontology, referred to the genus the species 
described by Hall under Bulimella, and also three additional 
forms, originally placed with Loxonema and EKulima. A num- 
ber of other American fossil gasteropods have from time to 
time been assigned to Portlock’s genus. But Polyphemopsis 
was founded on very imperfect material, and its structural 
characters have never been sufficiently understood to definitely 
limit the group. It seems to be regarded by the majority of 
European writers as a. synonym of Macrochilus Philips. The 
latter, however, has recently been shown to be identical with 
Soleniscus Meek and Worthen, which has precedence over 
Phillip’s preoccupied term. 

Although more than half a score of species have, in this 
country, been referred to the genus, it is quite apparent that 
members of at least two very different groups were included ; 
while a detailed comparison of the various representatives 
appears to indicate that, with a few possible exceptions, 
no forms congeneric with Portlock’s Polyphemopsis elongata, 
which may be regarded as the type of his genus, have as yet 
been recognized, with any degree of certainty, in the Paleozoic 
rocks of America. Until typical specimens of Polyphemopsis 
can be critically examined, the genus must be considered as of 
very doubtful utility. 

As already stated, there were embraced in this group such 
species as constituted Hall’s genus Bulimella. These, perhaps, 
best exemplify the American forms of the section under con- 
sideration. The shells are fusiform, with the spire elongated ; 
the whorls more or less decidedly convex, the last rather large ; 


204 GASTEROPODS. 


the columella curved, abbreviated or truncated at the base; 
the inner lip often well defined anteriorly, and usually sepa- 
rated from the outer by a more or less well-marked notch ; 
surface smooth; accordingly, this group would include not 
only those forms originally comprehended under Bulimella, 
but also the species hereafter enumerated, and perhaps a few 
others now known under other generic titles. 

Since then, it is manifest that Polyphemopsis is not cor- 
rectly applicable to any known American gasteropods, and in- 
asmuch as Bulimella of Hall had been used by Pfeiffer, it is 
necessary to find some more appropriate term to designate t his 
group. Bulimorpha, established by Whitfield, is apparently 
the only available name for the shells in question, but whether | 
this title will eventually be considered valid cannot now be 
decided. 

Bulimorpha bulimiformis (Hat). 


Bulimella bulimiformis Hall, 1858: ‘Trang. Albany Inst., vol. LV, p. 29. 

Polyphemopsis bulimiformis Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. L[llinois, 
vol. Il, p. 373. 

Bulimorpha bulimiformis Whitfield, 1882: Bul. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 
Le Dan 4. 

Bulimorpha bulimiformis Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indiana, Ann. Rept. for 
1882, p. 366, pl. xxxi, figs. 37-39. 

Bulimorpha bulimiformis Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 300. 
Shell fusiform, with the spire occupying about half the 

entire length ; volutions five to six, regularly convex, and in- 

creasing in size rather rapidly, the last somewhat longer than 

the spire. Aperture broadly lanceolate; outer lip sigmoidal, 

with a small notch anteriorly; columella somewhat bent and 

truncated at the base. Surface smooth, but often showing 

faint lines of growth. 
Horizon and localities. 

limestone: Saint Louis. 


Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 








GASTEROPODS. 205 


Bulimorpha inornata ( Murex & Wortnen ). 


Plate lv, fig. 6. 


Loxonema inornata Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 465. 

Polyphemopsis inornata Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. II, 
p. 374, pl, xxxi, figs. 8a-c. 

Bulimorpha inornata Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 301. 


Shell rather robust; volutions about seven in number, 
slightly convex, the last rather large, occupying over half the 
entire length; suture slightly impressed. Aperture narrowly 
obovate, pointed above. Surface smooth, or showing only 
lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Eulima ? peracuta Mrkrx & WorTHEN. 


Eulima peracuta Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 466. 


Polyphemopsis peracuta Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. IT, 
p. 375, pl. xxxi, figs. 7a-b. 
Polyphemopsis peracuta White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., 
pt.ii, p. 163, pl. xxxii, figs. 9-10. 
Polyphemopsis peracuta Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 302. 
Shell elongate-conical; spire attenuate, acutely pointed at 
the apex. Whorls thirteen, nearly flat, increasing gradually in 
size, the last forming more than half the entire length, slightly 
prominent around the middle, somewhat extended below; 
suture moderately impressed. Aperture rather narrowly subo- 
vate, acutely angular above; inner lip somewhat reflexed be- 
low, and winding around the columella so as to pass out of 
sight opposite the middle of the aperture; columella arcuate 
and tortuous. Surface smooth. 
Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Sullivan county. 


206 GASTEROPODS. 


Loxonema tenuilineatum (SHuMaARD). 


Chemnitzia tenuilneata Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rept., 
p. 207, pl. C, fig. 12. 
Loxonema tenuilineatum Miller, 1890: N.A. Geol. and Pal., p. 408. 


Shell rather large, broad; volutions moderately convex; 
suture rather deeply impressed. Aperture subovate. Sur- 
face marked by numerous very fine, vertical costz, which arch 
gently backward; crossing these are low obsolete revolving 
ridges, of which there are from twelve to fifteen on the body- 
whorl. 

Florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
limestone: Chouteau Springs (Cooper county). 


Loxonema multicosta Mrrk & WorTHEN. 


Loxonema multicosta Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Dllinois, vol. II, 
_  p. 378, pl. xxxi, figs. 12a-c. 
Lcxonema multicosta Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 260. 


Shell small, conical. Volutions about seven in number, 
moderately convex, the last forming about one-third the entire 
length; suture well defined; aperture rounded, subrhombic. 
Surface marked by small, nearly straight vertical costa, which 
number about thirty in the body-whorl. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


‘Loxonema scitulum Mesk & WorrTHEn. 
Loxonema scttulum Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 464. ' 
Loxonema rugosum Meek & Worthen, i860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 465. 

Loxonema scitulum Meek & Worthen, 1°66: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, p. 
377, pl. xxxi, figs. 10a-c. 
Loxonema rugosum Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. II, 

p. 378, pl. xxxi, figs. lla-c. 
Loxonema scitulum Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 259. 
Shell very small, elongate, conical, rounded below; volu- 
tions about seven, slightly curved, increasing gradually in size; 
suture distinct, but slightly impressed. Aperture subovate, 
rather sharply angular above. Surface marked by prominent 
rounded folds, which taper at both ends to the sutures of the 


respective whorls. These rounded ridges number from fifteen 





GASTEROPODS. 207 


to twenty-five on the last volution, while there are from three 
to four less on each preceding turn. : | 

Horizon and localities.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. | 

‘There have been described from the Coal Measures of 
the Mississippi basin, a number of forms similar to the one 
under consideration. At first glance the vertical cost appear 
perfectly straight, instead of arched, as in the more typical 
shells of the genus. Upon a closer examination, however, 
these ribs are found to curve considerably. The relatively 
much larger size of the rounded ridges in this section of the 
genus, a8 compared with the Devonian forms, tends greatly to 
obscure the actual curvature. 

The figures accompanying the reprint of the original de- 
seription are somewhat misleading in at least one particular: 
that is, in having the cost of the adjoining whorls arranged 
directly above one another. The statement is also made that 
such is the case. Closer observation clearly shows that the 
arrangement alluded to is more apparent than real; and that 
in reality the ridges of the different turns are set slightly behind 
those of the preceding volution. Instead, therefore, of form- 
ing perfectly straight though interrupted folds, running from 
the middle of the body-whorl to the apex of the shell, the long 
‘rounded elevations are more or less twisted spirally to the 
right. 

The number of cost varies with the size of the shell. 
Usually there are from three to four ribs less on each whorl 
than on the one immediately preceding. Thusg, the eighth whorl 
may have from twenty to twenty-five or more rounded ridges, 
while the fourth has only a dozen or fourteen. Below the 
middle of the volutions the cost rapidly diminish both in 
height and breadth, and are continued as minute hair-lines. 

The aperture is oval in outline, slightly flattened on the 
inner side. The lip springs abruptly from the callous portion, 
instead of gradually blending with it at a low angle, but other- 
wise the shell possesses all the characteristics of the typical 
forms of Loxonema. 


208 GASTEROPOUS. 


Genus Soleniscus Mrek & WorRTHEN. 


It has long been known that under Macrocbilus of Phillips 
there have been described a number of gasteropodous shells, 
which differ very essentially from the typical forms of the 
genus. It has even been intimated that this genus, as gen- 
erally understood, may comprise, in reality, several more or 
less well-marked divisions of perhaps more than subgeneric 
value. In a recent note the differences between the various 
groups were briefly considered, and two well-defined sections 
made out. At the same time, it was shown that the typical 
forms of Phillips’ genus were generically identical with those 
of Soleniscus of Meek and Worthen. The two genera, being 
co-extensive, were therefore synonymous. The first of the two 
terms was, however, preoccupied, and inasmuch as the several 
other titles proposed at various times for shells of the same 
group were unavailable, the generic term suggested by Meek 
and Worthen must necessarily be substituted. 


In separating the genus from Macrochilus, the authors of 


Soleniscus emphasized certain structural features as being dis 
tinctive in their group, but these characters are now known to 
be present in the typical species of the genus first established. 


On account of being more or less obscured by the adhering 


matrix, the peculiarities in question appear to have been over- 
looked by most writers. The assumed absence, in the members 
of Phillips’ genus, of these characters, and their existence in 


the shells that were under immediate consideration, were re- 


garded as sufficiently good reasons for the generic separation 
of the two groups, and for the establishment of a new genus. 
A single species only was originally assigned to Soleniscus. 
Miller subsequently referred Macrochilis hallianum Geinitz to 
this genus. Shortly afterward, White described two congen- 
eric forms from New Mexico, and also included several of the 


Macrochili. More recently, some additional species of Macro- 


chilus were transferred to Soleniscus. 
With two possible exceptions, the described species from 


America are confined to the Carboniferous, the majority occcur-. 


GASTEROPODS. 209 


ring in the Coal Measures. Some of the forms are widely dis- 
tributed geographically, and a few have also a very consider- 
able geologic range. A number of the now recognized species 
will probably prove to be identical with forms previously known, 
but these cannot be, with certainty, determined except by a 
direct comparison of the type specimens. The synonymy, how- 
ever, of a portion of the Macrochili has been made out as 
indicated beyond. 

As already suggested, the forms of this group appear to 
. be easily separable into two sections—the first typified by Mac- 
rochilus acutum (Sowerby) and Soleniscus typicus Meek & 
Worthen; and the second having for its typical representative 
Macrochilus ponderosum Swallow. The shells of the first 
group are characterized by being more or less elongate or fusi- 
form, with the spire elevated, acute; body-whorl forming about 
one-half the length of the shell; aperture subelliptic, or oval, 
acutely angular posteriorly; columella imperforate, provided 
with a conspicuous revolving fold or ridge, which, however, in 
the perfect specimen is often scarcely discernible exteriorly, 
but as it passes inward becomes more and more pronounced, 
and is often accompanied by a second though much less promi- 
dent fold of similar character; test thick. 

The columellar ridge is in most examples usually hidden 
more or less completely by the imbedding matrix filling the 
aperture. By the removal of the outer lip the twisted fold 
becomes more apparent. In a perfect specimen of Solenscus 
newberryi (Stevens), this ridge is scarcely defined at the aper- 
ture, but toward the interior of the shell it gradually assumes 
greater prominence, becoming very much elevated, very sharp, 
and. bordered on each side by a broad rounded canal, the outer 
one of which is narrower and considerably deeper than the 
other. On the inner margin of the second furrow there is often 
developed an obtuse prominence, much less conspicuous than 
the first, and best defined a short distance from the apertural 
margin. From this point it soon becomes obsolete inwardly, 
and finally disappears altogether. Inthe majorifv of the forms 

G—15 


210 GASTEROPODS. 


referred to Soleniscus, the fold on the columella presents 
essentially the same characters, and is generally well disclosed 
by breaking away the outer lip of the shell slightly. When 
the exterior wall of the last whorl is entirely removed, the 
interior features of the columella are still better exhibited and 
for a much greater distance. 

As generally recognized, the Macrochilus group has a wide 
range in time, beginning, according to the species described, — 
in the Silurian, and continuing to the present time. Some of 
the forms have unquestionably been erroneously assigned to 
the genus. The typical examples are for the most part from 
the Devonian and Carboniferous, and, although the group pro- 
bably continued to flourish after the close of the Paleozoic, it 
is very doubtful whether the majority of the later forms can 
' properly be regarded as congeneric. In Europe the group 
became greatly expanded during the later Devonian and Car- 
boniferous, but in America it is almost wholly confined to the 
latter age—the other forms referred to the genus being, with 
perhaps two or three exceptions, referable to other groups. 

Polyphemopsis of Portlock has commonly been considered 
synonymous with Macrochilus, but whether it can be regarded 
as identical with the group as now defined cannot, at present, 
be satisfactorily determined. Portlock’s genus was founded 
upon such imperfect material as to hardly deserve recognition 
in any case, and it would probably simplify matters greatly 
to ignore the term altogether. There appear to be no good 
grounds for assigning any American gasteropods to Polyphe- 
mopsis. The species so referred have, in reality, other generic 
affinities. 


Soleniscus cooperensis (Swattow). 


Macrochilus cooperense Swallow, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
IT p 3100; 


A small species, having the spire occupying about one- 
half the entire length of the shell, and with very convex volu- 
tions. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Cooper county. 





GASTEROPODS. AH i 


Soleniscus missouriensis (Swa.Liow). 

Macrochilus missouriensis Swallow, 1858 : Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 

vol. I, p. 21. 
Maercchilina missouriensis Miller, 1890: N. A. Geol. and Pal., p. 409. 

Shell large, somewhat ventricose; spire elevated. Whorls 
seven or mere in number, the last large, all quite convex; 
suture deep. Aperture long, ovate, lanceolate; columellar fold 
rather prominent. Surface smooth. 

Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 


Soleniscus paludinzeformis ( Hatr). 


Macrochilus paludineformis Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, pt. ii, p. 
719, pl. xxix, fig. 10. 

Soleniscus (Macrochilus) paludineformis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 
13th Ann. Rep., p. 154, pl. xxxiv, fig. 17. 

Soleniscus paludineformis Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 
308. 


Soleniscus puludineformis Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 262. 
Shell thin, rather broadly subfusiform, the spire forming 
about one-half the length; volutions six to ten in number, 
slightly convex, the body-whorl rather more ventricose than 
those of the spire; suture line moderately impressed; columel- 
lar fold and grooves well defined. Surface marked only by 
fine lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Upper 
Coal Measures: Kansas City. 


Soleniscus gracilis (Cox). 

Macrochilus gracile Cox, 1857: Geol. Sur. Kentucky, vol. ILI, p. 570, pl. 

viii, figs. 1l-1la. 
Mucrochilus gracile Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 239. 
Soleniscus gracilis Keyes, 1889: American Naturalist, vol. XXIII, p. 423. 
Soleniscus gracilis Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 307. 
Macrochilina gracilis Miller, 1890:. N. A. Geol. and Pal., p. 409. 
Soleniscus gracilis Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 262. 


Shell small, like S. brevis, but more slender and with the 
spire much higher. 


Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal 
Measures: Clinton (Henry county ). 


212 GASTEROPODS. 


Soleniscus brevis (Wuirr). 
Macrochilus ventricosum Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 718. (Pre- 
occupied by Goldfuss.) 
Soleniscus brevis White 1881: Expl. and Sur. w. 1C0 Merid., Supp. to vol. 

PS pS Savile: 

Soleniscus brevis Keyes, 1889: Am. Naturalist, vol. XXIII, p. 323. 
Soleniscus brevis Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 307. 

Shell small, thin, with the spire acute, and occupying about 
one-third the entire length; volutions about seven in number, 
rather strongly convex, the last moderately ventricose; suture 
impressed, but not deeply ; columellar ridge well-defined. Sur- 
face polished, with a few obscure lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City, Clinton (Henry county ). 

The form originally described, from the lower Coal Measures. 
of Iowa, by Hall, as Macrochilus ventricosum, is a thin, rather 
delicate shell, having but little resemblance to the specimens 
usually passing under this name, which are, almost without 
exception, young individuals of larger and heavier species. 
It is not at all probable that Hall’s form and Soleniscus brevis, 
described from New Mexico, are identical, as has been thought 
lately by White. In case, however, that they do prove to be 
the same, White’s name has precedence over Hall’s title, inas- 
much as the latter term had long been preoccupied. Until, 
_ then, typical examples of each form can be carefully compared, 
it does not seem advisable to propose a new name for the form 
known as M. ventricosum. Besides, Cox has described a very 
similar shell from Kentucky, which has also been recognized 
in the Des Moines valley. near the place where Hall’s species 
was originally found; so that it is possible that this term will 
have priority over all others for the form now under considera- 
tion. 

Soleniscus newberryi (STEVENS). 


Loxonema newberryi Stevens, 1858: Am. Jour. Sci., (2), vol. X XV, p. 259. 

Macrochilus newberryi Hall, 1858: Geol. Lowa, vol. I, p. 719, pl. xxix, fig. 1. 

Soleniscus planus White, 1881: Expl. and Sur. w. 100 Merid., Supp. to 
VOLLI. 0; SEIx, Ploy one, 4. 

Macrochilina newberryi de Konnick, 1881: Ann. de Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat. 
de la Belgique, t. VI, p. 36. 





. 
j 


GASTEROPODS. 213 


Soleniscus fusiformis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. 
ii, p. 154, pl. xxxiv, figs. 1,5. (Not Hall, 1858.) 

Soleniscus newberryi White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., 
pt. ii, p. 153, pl. xxxiv, figs. 7, 8. 

Macrochilus newberryi Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 240. 

Soleniscus newberryi Keyes, 1889: Am. Naturalist, vol. X XIII, p. 423, pl. 
ee. 

Soleniscus newberryi Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 308. 

Soleniscus newberryt Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 260. 


Shell thick, fusiform; spire equaling half the length of 
the shell, with the apex somewhat attenuated. Volutions 
seven to nine in number, the body-whorl being only moderately 
ventricose; outer lip thin, inner lip more or less callous. Colu- 
mella slightly bent, with an obtuse fold anteriorly, which 
becomes more angular as it passes inward, and has a deep, 
broad furrow behind it. In front of the fold, and between it 
and the front border of the aperture, there is a narrow concave 
space, or short canal. Surface glabrate, marked only by fine 
lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Sphzerodoma penguis ( WINCHELL). 


Macrochilus pengue Winchell, 1863: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 21. 
Spherodoma penguis Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 296. 
Macrochilina penguis Miller, 1890: N. A. Geol. and Pal., p. 409. 


Sheil similar to Sph. ponderosa, but smaller and more 
slender. 

Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Burlington 
limestone: Louisiana. 


Sphzerodoma ponderosa (SwatLow). 


Macrochilus ponderosum Swallow, 1858: Trans. St, Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
Il, p. 202. 

Macrochilus texranum Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 

. 204. 

re cus (2) ponderosus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. 
Rep., p. 156, pl. xxxiv, figs. 1-2. 

Soleniscus tecanus White,1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. 
ii, p. 155, pl. xxxiv, figs. 13-14. 

Spherodoma texanus Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 306. 

Spherodoma ponderosum Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 
306, 


214 GASTEROPODS. 


Shell large, heavy, subglobose, spire depressed; volutions 
six in number, rapidly increasing in size from the apex, last one 
very large and ventricose. Aperture ovate; outer lip abruptly 
becoming sharp. Columella smooth. Surface glabrate, with 
faint lines of growth. 

Horizon and localities. — Upper Carboniferous, Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. ; | 

The form described by Shumard as Macrochilus texanus 
appears to be merely the immature shell of Swallow’s S. pon- 
derosa. In individuals of the former the fold on the columnella 
is quite pronounced, while in the latter species it is scarcely 
noticeable. By making away the body whorl, however, in SN. 
ponderosa, the revolving fold is found to rapidly increase in size 
and prominence; while a comparison of a large series of this 
species, of all sizes, shows that the fold on the collumella is 
really much more pronouncedin the younger individuals, which 
cannot be told from the ordinary S. texana. 


Sphzrodoma littonana (Hatr). 


Natica littonana Hall, 1858: Trans. Albany Inst., vol. IV, p. 30. 

Naticopsis littonana Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 268. 

Naticopsis littonana, var. genevievensis Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 268. 

Macrochilus littonanum Whitfield, 1882: Bul. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 
I, p. 73, pl. viii, fig. 28. 

Macrochilus littonanum Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 12th Ann. Rept., 
p. 369, pl. xxxi, fig. 28. 

Spherodoma littonana Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 305. 

Macrochilina littonana Miller, 1890: N.A. Geol. and Pal., p. 409. 


Shell very small, globose; spire of small size, somewhat 
elevated; volutions four, last one extremely large and ventri- 
cose. Aperture ovate. Surface showing only lines of growth. 

Florizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: Ste. Genevieve. 





GASTEROPODS. 215 


Sphzerodoma medialis ( Meek & WorTHEN ). 


Macrochilus spiratus Swallow, 1858: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 
p. 196. (Not McCoy, 1850.) 

Macrochilus mediale Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 466. 

Macrochilus pulchellum Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 467. 

Macrochilus intercalare Meek & Worthen, 1869: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 467. 

Macrochilus mediale Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. LI, 
p. 370, pl. xxxi, figs. 5a-b. 

Macrochilus intercalare Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. LI, 
p. 371, pl. xxxi, figs. 6a-b. 

Soleniscus medialis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., 
pt. ii, p. 156, pl. xxxiv, figs. 15-16. 

Spherodoma medialis Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 306. 

Spherodoma medialis Keyes, 1891: Proc. Acud. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 262. 


Shell much like that of Sph. ponderosa (Swallow), but 
smaller, more slender, and with the spire more elevated. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City, Clinton. 


Sphzerodoma primogenia (Conran). 


Stylifer primogenia Conrad, 1835: Trans. Geol. Soc. Penna., vol. I, p. 
more: xu, fig. 2. 

Fusus inhabilis Morton, 1836: Am. Jour. Sci., (1), vol. X XIX, p. 160. 

Macrochilus inhabilis Norwood & Pratten, 1855: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., vol. [If. p. 76, pl. ix, figs. 9a-b. 

Macrochilus primogenium Hall, 1858: Geology Iowa, vol. I, p. 720, pl. 
“9 6) a aan © 

Soleniscus ? primogenius White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. 
Rep., p. 157, pl. xxxiv, fig. 3. 

Spherodoma primogenia Keyes, 1889: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 306. 


Similar to Sph. ponderosa (Swallow), but smaller, spire 
higher, volutions more rounded, suture more deeply impressed. 

Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. | 


Subulites elongatus Conrap. 


Subulites elongatus Conrad, 1842: Geol. Sur. New York, Emmons’ Rep., p. 
392, tig. 101. ; 
Subulites elongatus Hall, 1843: Pal. New York, Vol. I, p. 182. 


She!) subulate, composed of seven to eight volutions, which 
are only slightly convex; suture distinct. Aperture rather nar- 


216 GASTEROPODS. 


rowly lanceolate, and about one-third as long as the entire length 
of the shell. Surface glabrate. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Silurian, Trenton limestone: 
McCune (Pike county). 

Asremarked by Meek, it is almostimpossible to distinguish, 
generically, between Snbulites, Conrad, and Polyphomopsis, 
Portlock. But as Conrad’s genus was proposed first, it makes 
little difference, insofar as the name is concerned, whether or not 
the two are Synonymous. They are probably not. It must be 
admitted, however, that Conrad’s term was unaccompanied by a 
description, but his figures give a much better idea of the kind 
of a sbell he had under consideration than a large proportion 
of the early genera proposed without figures. It is extremely 
curious, and indeed unfortunate, that among the dozen or more 
species described from North America, there is not a single 
one that shows clearly the structural characters of the shell. 


The group, however, is evidently a good one, and can be used — 


advantageously, notwithstanding its imperfections. 


Doubtful Species. 


Murchisonia ozarkensis Shumard, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
II, p. 106. Magnesian limestone: Ozark county. Cast. 

Bellerophon scissile Conrad, 1846: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. II, p. 
175. Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve county. 

Macrochilus blairi Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., Adv. 
sheets, p. 86, pl. xiv, figs. 5-6. Chouteau limestone: Sedalia. 
Trochita carbonaria Meek & Worthen, 1866: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila- 
delphia, p. 270. Kaskaskia limestone: Ste. Genevieve county. 





PTEROPODS. 217 


PTEROPODS. 


Tentaculites incurvus SHuMaRD. 
Plate xxxv, fig. 3. 
Tentaculites incurvus Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep., p. 195, 
pl. B, figs. 6a-b. 

Shell very small, attenuated, curved, with prominent, sharp 
annulations extending to the tip; at the large extremity there 
are four, five to six rings in the space of an eighth of an inch, 
and the intervening spaces are about double the width; but 
near the tip the rings are much closer together, and there are 
from eigh‘een to twenty in the eighth of an inch; the whole 
number of rings amounts to thirty-five. The surface is covered 
with fine longitudinal striz, which cross the rings, as well as 
the spaces. In well-preserved specimens very fine transverse 
striz can be perceived. (Shumard.) 

florizon and localities. —Lower Silurian, Girardeau lime- 
stone: Cape Girardeau. 


Conularia marionensis Swatiow. 
Conularia marionensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., p. 656. 
Like @. missouriensis, but with a greater number of trans- 
verse cost, which are also granulated. 
Horizon and_localities—Lower Carboniferous, Hannibal 
( Vermicular ) shales (Kinderhook ): Hannibal. 


Conularia triplicata SwaLLow. 


Conularia triplicata Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., p. 657. 
Small, with the coste triple; one large median rib with a 
smaller one on each side. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Hannibal 
shales (Kinderhook): Marion county. 


218 PTEROPODS. 


Conularia osagensis Swa.Liow. 
Conularia osagensis Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. IL, 
p. 98. 
A large form with narrow transeverse cost. 
Horizon and localities. — Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville (Cooper county ). 


Conularia subcarbonaria Meek & WorTHEN. 
Conularia subcarbonaria Meek & Worthea, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Seis 
Phila., p. 253. 
Conularia subcarbonaria Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, 
p. 520, pl. xix, fig. 4a-e. 
Another large form with very fine, crenulated coste. 
Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Wayland (Clark county ). 


Conularia missouriensis ? SwaLLow. 
Plate xxxv, figs. la-b. 


Conularia missouriensis Swallow, 186U: ‘'rans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., p. 
657. 

Conularia missouriensis Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Lilinois, vol. 
V,p. 541, pl. xxii, figs. 5a—-b. 


Very large, elongated, four-sided, pyramidal, with two op- 
posite sides wider than the other two; cross-section rectangu- 
lar. Angles at the four corners deeply furrowed longitudinally ; 
sides without distinct median groove. Surface marked by sharp 
prominent transverse ribs, which are about half as wide as the 
rounded furrows between; these curve more or less toward 
the aperture. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis; Keokuk limestone: Warsaw (Lllinois). 


Conularia subulata HAL. 


Conularia subulata Hall, 1856: Trans. Albany Inst., vol. 1V, p. 32. 
Conularia subulata Whitfield, 1882: Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bul. 3, p. 91, pl. 
viii, fig. 3. 
Conularia subulata Hall, 1883: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 12th Ann. Rept., p. 
372, pl. xxxi, fig. 3. 
A small form with closely arranged ribs. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 


limestone: Saint Louis. 





PTEROPODS. 219 


Conularia crustula WHITE. 


Plate xxxv, fig. 2. 


Conularia crustula White, 1883: U. S. Geol. and Geog. Sur. Terr., 12th 
Ann. Rep., p. 170, pl. xiii, fig. 4. 


Shell rather small, having the usual four-sided pyramidal 
form—the four sides being equal, and flat or nearly so near the 
apex, but slightly convex toward the aperture; the four angles 
distinctly furrowed, and a slender furrow also marks the me- 
dian line of each side, which furrow is more distinct upon the 
cast of the interior than upon the exterior surface of the test. 
Surface marked by the numerous transverse, raised strize, 
common to this genus, which arch gently forward from each 
of the four angles; the majority of the strie are continuous 
across the median line of the sides, and also across the angle- 
furrows, in crossing which they bend slightly backward. 
( White.) 

Horizon and localities —U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


CHAT PEAR GEV s 
CEPHALOPODS. 


Phragmoceras missouriensis MILuER. 


Phragmoceras missouriensis Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. 
Rep., p. 89, pl. xv, fire2: 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
limestone: Sedalia. 


Gonioceras anceps Hatt. 


Gonioceras anceps Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. 1, p. 54, pl. xiv, figs. 
la-d. 


Horizon and localities.—Silurian, Trenton limestone: Ste. 
Genevieve county. 


Endoceras elongatum ? Hatt. 
En doceras prcteiforme, var. elongatum Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, 

p. 216, pl. lii, figs. la-I. 

Like Orthoceras in external appearance; very large, at- 
taining a diameter of six or more inches and probably a length 
of more than ten feet. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Silurian, Trenton limestone: 
Auburn ( Lincoln county). 


Goniatites gorbyi MILLER, 


Gontatites gorbyi Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., p. 90, 


Disek Ve lees 

A large lenticular form, with smooth surface and deep 
lobes and saddles. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
( Kinderhook ) limestone: Sedalia ( Pettis county). 








CEPHALOPODS. 22} 


Goniatites osagensis SwatLLow. 


Goniatites osagensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci.. voi. I, p. 
659. 


Shell small, with regularly rounded volutions; umbilicus 
small. . 

Horizon and localitves.—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
limestone: Cooper county; Burlington limestone: Louisiana. | 


Goniatites planorbiformis SHuMarp. 


Gontatites planorbiformis Shumard, 1855: Geol. Sur. Missouri, Ann. Rep , 
p. 208, pl. C, figs. lla-b. 


Shell minute, volutions about six in number, broad, regu- 
larly rounded; umbilicus very broad. 

Horizon and localities— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kaasas City. 





Goniatites politus SHumarpD. 


Goniatites politus Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. [, p. 
199. 


A very small, compressed form, with volutions embracing 
and showing only the outer whorl. Surface highly polished. 

Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Lexington. 


Goniatites minimus SHuUMARD. 


Goniatites minimus Shumard, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. lL, 
p. 200. 


A very minute shell, similar to G. politus but much more 
robust. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Dover landing (Lafayette county ), Kansas City. 


Nautilus ? burlingtonensis (OWEN ). 


Gyroceras burlingtonensis Owen, 1852: Geo]. Sur. Wisconsin, lowa and Min- 
nesota, p..581, tab. v, fig. 10. 

Nautilus burlingtonensis Miller, 1883: Cat. Am. Pal. Foss., p. 307. 

? Solenochilus blairi Miller, 1892: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 18th Ann. Rep.,p. 
75, pl. xii, fig. 2. 


A large robust form with rapidly increasing whorls, and 
gently curving suture lines. 


222 CEPHALOPODS. 
& 7 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
(Kinderhook) limestone: Sedalia. 


Nautilus digonus Merk & WoRTHEN, 
Nautilus digonus Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. IfI, p. 
458, pl. xiv, figs. 9a-d. 
A small form, with slender volutions, marked by longi- 
tudinal ribs and transverse lines. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook 
beds: Callaway county. 


Nautilus spectabilis Meek & WorrTHEn. 


Nuutilus spectabilis Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 469. 

Nautilus peramplus Meek & Worthen, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 259. 

Nautilus spectabilis Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, 
p. 308, pl. xxv, figs. la-b. 


A large, robust form with smooth, rounded whorls. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 
limestone: St. Louis county ( Hambach ). 


Nautilus ponderosus Waits. 
Nautilus ponderosus White, 1872: U. 8. Geol. Sur. Nebraska ( Meek’s 
report), p. 236, pl. iii, figs. 7a-b. 

Shell attaining:a large size, subdiscoidal; umbilicus large, 
or nearly equaling the dorso-ventral diameter of the outer volu- 
tion near the aperture; volutions three, enlarging their dia- 
meter more than three-fold each turn; all broader transversely 
than dorso-ventrally; inner ones slightly embracing, while the 
last one is apparently merely in contact with the others near 
the aperture; each broadly flattened or a little concave on the 
periphery, and (particularly the last one) somewhat flattened 
between the periphery and the middle of each side, from which 
point the sides are broadly rounded into the umbilicus, the 
greatest transverse diameter being near the middle; ventro- 
lateral or outer angles of the last whorl (in somewhat worn 
casts), each provided with obscure traces of about twenty 
wide, undefined nodes, scarcely perceptible to the eye; septa 
numerous, rather closely arranged, making a slight backward 





q 





CEPHALOPODS. . 223 


curve on each side, particularly between the middle and outer 
angles, and crossing the broadly flattened dorsum with a strong 
backward curve; surface with distinct lines of growth, which 


curve strongly backward like the septa, in crossing the outer 
side. ( Meek.) 


Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Nautilus winslowi Mrrex & WorTHEN 
Plate lyi, fig. 2. 


Nautilus winslowi Meek & Worthen, 1870: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 50. 


Nautilus ( Tremnochilus) winslowi Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illi- 
nois, vol. V, p. 609, pl. xxxii, figs. 2a-b. 
Nautilus winslowi White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rept., pt. ii, 
p. 165, pl). xxxvi, figs. 1-2. 
Nautilus winslowi Keyes, 1883: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 242. 
A large robust form, with broad umbilicus and flattened 
periphery, toward the margins of which on each side is a row 
of prominent tubercles. 


Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Lexington (Lafayette county.) 


Nautilus forbesianus McCHESNEY. 
Plate lvi, figs. 4a-b. 
Nautilus forbesianus McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 63. 
Nautilus forbesianus McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 50, pl. iii, fig. 4. 
Nautilus forbesianus White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., pt. 
ii, p. 165, pl. xxxvi, figs. 3-4. 


Tremnochilus forbesianus Hyatt, 1891: Geol. Sur. Texas, 2nd Ann. Rep., 
p. 330. 
Shell rather small, heavy ; volutions rounded, with a series 
of prominent, distant nodes on each side toward the periphero- 
lateral border. 


Horizon and localities.—U pper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 





224 CEPHALOPODS. 


Nautilus occidentalis £WaLLow. 


Nautilus occidentalis Swallow, 1858: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci:, vol. I, 
p. 196. 

Nautilus quadrangularis McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 65. 

Nautilus nodocarinatus McChesney, 1860: Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 66. 

Nautilus biserialis Hall, 1860: Geology Iowa, vol. 1, Supp., p. 92. 

Nautilus occidentalis McChesney, 1867: Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
Disol, 

Nautilus occidentalis Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p. 342. 


Shell rather above medium size, discoidal, with moder- 
ately wide, shallow umbilicus, in which is exposed nearly all 
of each of the inner whorls. Cross-section subquadrangular 
in outline, nearly flat dorsally and laterally, slightly concave 
ventrally. Nodes in six rows—one row on each side around 
the umbilicus, composed of small, depressed tubercles; a sec- 
ond series on each lateral angle of the periphery, of large pro- 
minent nodes; and the third, a double series around the peri- 
phery. 

Horizon and localities.— Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Nautilus missouriensis Swa.LLow. 
Plate lvi, fig. 3. 

Nautilus missouriensis Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 

p. 198. 

A small, smooth shell, probably an immature specimen of 
some other species. 

Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Lower Coal 
Measures: Boone county. 


Metacoceras cavatiforme (Hyatt). 


Metacoceras cavatiforme Hyatt, 1891: Geol. Sur. Texas, 2nd Ann. Rep., p. 
334, figs. 30-33. : 
Metacoceras cavatiforme Miller, 1892: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 18th Ann. Rep., 
p. 72, pl. xi, figs. 5 and 7. 
Shell medium size, of the N. sangamonense type, with a 
single row of nodes on each of the peripheral border. 
Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal. 
Measures: Kansas City. . 


CEPHALOPODS. 225 


Metaceras sangamonense (Mgek & WorrTHEN). 


Nautilus ( Discus ) sangamonensis Meek & Worthen, 1860: Proc. Acad. Nat. | 
Sci., Phila., p. 470. 
Nautilus sangamonensis Meek & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. IT, 
p. 386, pl. xxix, figs. 3-3b. 
Metaceras sangamonense Hyatt, 1884: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 
XXII, p. 208. 


Shell like that of WV. occidentalis but less robust, the nodes 
also being less prominent, and the peripheral rows absent. 

Horizon and localities.—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Lituites ? complanatus SHUMARD. 
Lituites complanata Shumard, 1863: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 

II, p. 107. 

Shell small, depressed, discoidal; sides very gently con- 
vex; volutions about four, not embracing, sloping from the 
ventral to the dorsal, which latter is subangulated ; transverse 
section ovate; siphuncle small, dorsal; septa thin, concave, 
those of the last volution near the outer chamber scarcely 
more than one-half the width of those of the inner volutions. 
No surface markings are visible on any of the specimens under 
examination. (Shumard.) 

Horizon and localities —Cambrian? magnesian limestone 
series: Ozark county. 


Orthoceras chouteauense SwWaLLow. 


Orthoceras chouteauense Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
1, p. 660. 


A small form, tapering moderately ; sept distant. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Chouteau 
(Kinderhook) limestone: Cooper county, Louisiana ( Pike 
county ). 
Orthoceras chesterense SwatLow. 
Orthoceras chesterense Swallow, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol, II, 
p. 98. 
A rapidly tapering form, with moderately distant septi. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Kaskaskia 


limestone: Ste. Mary (Ste. Genevieve county ). 
G—16 


226 CEPHALOPODS. 


Orthoceras rushense McCHEsney. 
Plate lvi, fig. 6. 
Orthoceras rushensis McChesney, 1860: New Pal. Foss., p. 68. 
Orthoceras rushensis Meek & Worthen, 1873: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. V, 
p.°612, plaxxx, tigi: 
Orthoceras rushensis White, 1884: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 13th Ann. Rep., 
pt. ii, p. 164, pl. xxxvi, fig. 5. 
Orthoceras rushensis Keyes, 1888: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila, p. 242. 
Orthoceras hariz Miller, 1891: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 17th Ann. Rep., p. 87, 
pl. xvi, fig. 2 
A small, slender form, with smooth surface. 
Horizon and localities—Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 


Measures: Kansas City. 


Orthoceras occidentale Swa.LLow. 
Orthoceras occidentale Swallow, 1858: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
. 201. 
ESR yt Miller, 1892: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 18th Ann. Rep., p. 67, 

plivxviie: 1% 

A rather large form, often attaining a length of two feet or 
more, gradually tapering; sept quite concave; siphuncle ec- 
centric. 3 

Horizon and localities.—U pper pean sos Upper Coal 
Measures: Kansas City. 


Orthoceras ozarkensis SHUMARD. 
Orthoceras ozarkensis Shumard, 1863: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. II, 

p. 107. 

Shell elongate, very gradually tapering to the apex; sept 
very thin, deeply concave, from nine to ten in the space of a 
quarter of an inch; external edge plane, and slightly sinuous; 
siphuncle marginal, transverse section reniform. Surface 
marked by annulations, oblique to the axis, the grooves between 
accommodating the edges of the septa. In some specimens the 
surface of the shell is marked with faint longitudinal striz. 
(Shumard. ) 

Horizon and localities—_Cambrian? Magnesian limestone: 
Ozark county. 








CEPHALOPODS. 227 


Orthoceras arcuoliratum Hatt. 
Orthoceras arcuoliratum Hall, 1847: Pal. New York, vol. I, p. 198. 


A rather small species, cylindrical, with slightly raised 
undulatory ridges running obliquely around the shell, and 
finely lined in a longitudinal direction. 

Horizon and localities. — Silurian, Trenton limestone: 
Louisiana. 


Orthoceras jolietense Mrrek & WorTHEN. 


Orthoceras jolietense Meek & Worthen, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 
p. 256. 

Orthoceras jolietense Meek & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. VI, 
p. 465, pl. xxvi, fig. 5. 


Shell large, yery long and slender, tapering rapidly, and 
with the sept very distant. Cross-section elliptic. 

Horizon and localities.—Silurian, Niayara limestone: Graf- 
ton ( Illinois ). 


Orthoceras medullare Hatt. 

Orthoceras medullare Hall, 1860: Geol. Sur. Wisconsin, Rept. Progress, 
p. 4. 

Orthoceras strielineatum McChesney, 1861: New Pal. Foss., p. 94. 

Orthoceras medullare Hall, 1867: New York State Cab. Nat. Hist., 20th 
Reg. Rep., p. 412, pl. xx, figs. 1-2. 

Orthoceras medullare Meek & Worthen, 1875: Geol.Sur. Illinois, vol. VI, 
p. 504, pl. xxvi, fig. 1. 


Shell large, tapering gradually. Surface marked by prom- 
inent longitudinal ribs, crossed at regular intervals by trans- 
verse Carine, giving a beautifully cancellated effect. 

Horizon and localities.— Silurian, Niagara dolomite: 
Grafton (Illinois ). 


Spurious and Doubtful Species. 


Goniatites holmest Swallow, 1860: ‘Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, p. 
659. Kinderhook limestone: Cooper county. Cannot be recog- 
nized. ; 

Goniatites morganensis Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 
I, p. 659. Kinderhook. Not recognizable. 

Nautilus (Cryptoceras) capaxy Meek & Worthen, 1865: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila., p. 262. Coal Measures: Charboniere. Name preoccupied. 

Nautilus gilpint Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 658. Coal Measures: Wayne county. ‘Too imperfect for recog- 
nition. 


228 CEPHALOPODS. 


Nautilus lawsi Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. I, 
p. 658. Devonian limestone: Callaway county. Poorly defined. 

Orthoceras chemungense Swallow, 1860: Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., 
vol. I, p. 660. Lithographic limestone: Marion county. Not recog- 
nizable. ’ 

Poterioceras missouriensis Miller, 1892: Geol. Sur. Indiana, 18th Ann. Rep., 
adv. sheets, p. 70, pl. xi, fig. 6. Probably a Phagmoceras, and in 
that case the specific name is preoccupied. This original specimen 
is an internal cast, and too imperfect to refer with certainty to its 
proper genus. 





CHAPTER XV. 


VERTEBRATES. 


Cladodus elegans Nrwserry & WorTHEN. 


Cladodus elegans Newberry & Worthen, 1870: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
IV, p. 354, pl. iv, figs. 6-6a. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Cladodus ischypus NEewsBerry & WortTHEN. 


Cladodus ischypus Newberry & Worthen, 1870: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
IV, p. 354, pl. iv, figs. 6-6a. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Cladodus eccentricus ST. Joon & WoRTHEN. 


Clododus eccentricus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. 
VI, p. 262, pl. iv, figs. 4a-c. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Cladodus euglyphens St. Joun & WorTHEN. 


Cladodus euglyphens St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. [linois, vol. 
VI, p. 274, pl. iv, figs. la—b. 


fTorizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Lambdodus costatus St. JoHN & WoRTHEN. 


Lambdodus costatus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Dlinois, vol. VI, 
p. 280, pl. v, figs. 3a-c. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville. 


230 VERTEBRATES. 


Lam bdodus calceolus ST. JoHN & WORTHEN. 


Lambdodus calceolus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VI, p. 281, pl. v, figs. 5a-c. 


Horizon and localities—ULower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: LaGrange (Lewis county ). 


Desmiodus ? flabellum Sr. JoHNn & WORTHEN. 


Wesmiodus ? flabellum St. John & Worthen, 1°75: Geol. Sur. Lilinois, vol. 
VI, p. 334, pl. xA, figs. 15a-c. 


Florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville. 


Desmiodus? ligoniformis Sr. Joan & WorTHEN. 


Desmiodus? ligoniformis st. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Llinois, 
vol. VI, p. 342, pl. xA, figs, 12a-c. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville. 


Desmiodus costelliferus Str. Joon & WoRTHEN. 


Desmiodus costelliferus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VI, p. 341, pl. xA, figs. 10a-d. 


Fflorizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Desmiodus tumidus Se. JoHn & WorTHEN. 


Desmiodus tumidus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur, Ilinois, vol. VI, 
p. 339, pl. xA, figs. 7a-d. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Venustodus tenuicristatus Sr. Joun & WorTHEN. 


Venustodus tenuicristatus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur Illinois, vol. 
IV, p. 348, pl. ix, figs. 19a-c. fi 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: St. Francisville (Clark county), Boonville (Cooper 
county ). 





VERTEBRATES, 931 


Harpacodus occidentalis Sr. JoHn & WorTHEN. 


Harpacodus occidentalis St. Sohn & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VI, p. 355, pl. xA, figs. 2a—d. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Chomatodus parallelus Sr. Joun & Wor1HEN. 


Chomatodus parallelus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VI, p. 359, pl. xA, figs. 3a-c. 


florizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville (Cooper county ). 


Chomatodus incrassatus 8r. JoHn & WorTHEN. 


Chomatodus incrassatus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. V1, p. 359, pl. x, figs. 18a-c. 


florizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Lisgodus curtus Sr. JoHn & WorTHEN. 
Lisgodus curtus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. VI, 
p. 364, pl. xA, fig. 20a. 
Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville. 


Lisgodus selluliformis Sr. Joun & WorrTuHEN. 


Insgodus selluliformis St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VI, p. 366, pl xA, figs. 6a-d. ’ 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Tanaodus przenuntius ST. Joan & WorTHEN. 
Tanaodus prenuntius St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VI, p. 371, pl. xi, figs. 6a-d. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Tanaodus sculptus St. Joun & WorTHEN. 
Tanaodus sculptus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VI, 
p. 373, pl. xi, figs. 20a-c. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 


limestone: Saint Louis. 


232 VERTEBRATES. 


Polyrhizodus williamsi St. Joann & WorrTHEN. 
Polyrhizodus williamsi St, John & Worthe, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VI, p. 384, pl. x A, figs. 23a-b. 
Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville. 


Polyrhizodus littoni Newserry & WorTHEN. 
Polyrhizodus littoni Newberry & Worthen 1870: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. [V, 
p. 596, pl. iii, figs. 16-16a. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Oarboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Polyrhizodus amplus St. Jonn & WorTHEN. 
Polyrhizodus amplus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
V1, p. 387, pl. xiii, figs. 18a-c. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Petalorhynchus distortus Sr. Joun & WorTHEN. 
Petalorhynchus distortus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. VI, p. 406, pl. xii, figs. 7a-c. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Petalorhynchus pseudosagittatus St. Joun & WorTHEN. 
Petalorhynchus pseudosagittatus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illi- 

nois, vol. Vi, p. 405, pl. xii, figs. la-c. 

Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Peltodus quadratus Sr. Joun & WorrTHEN. 
Peltodus quadratus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VI, 
p- 410, pl. xiii, figs. 6a—b. 
forizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Psephodus latus St. JoHn & WorTHEN. . 
Psephodus latus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. VIL, 
p. 72, pl. ii, figs. la-d. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. | 





VERTEBRATES. 233 


Vaticinodus? simplex St. JonHn & WorRTHEN. 


Vaticinodus ? simplex St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VII, p. 84, pl. iv, figs. 22a-b. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Deltoptychius wachsmuthi St. Jonn & WorTHEN. 


Deltoptychius wachsmuthi St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, 
vol. VII, p. 93, pl. v, figs. la-c. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville (Cooper county). 


Deltoptychius expansus St. JoHn & WorrHEN. 


Deltoptychius expansus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
Vth, p. 98, pl. v, fig. Ya. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Stenopterodus parvulus St. Joun & WorTHEN. 


Stenopterodus parvulus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VII, p. 107, pl. iv, fig. 44. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Cochliodus obliquus St. JoHn & WorTHEN. 
Cochliodus obliquus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. 
VII, p. 126, pl. vii, figs. 17a-c. 
Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Cochliodus vanhornii 8t. Jonn & WorrTHEN. 
Cochliodus vanhorniit St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. 
VII, p. 120, pl. vii, figs. la-e. 
Tovizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Xystrodus imitatus St. Jonn & WorrTuHEN. 
Xystrodus imitatus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VII, p. 180, pl. viii, figs. 2a-c. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 


limestone: Saint Louis. 
G—l17 





234 VERTEBRATES. 


Sandalodus leevissimus (NEWBERRY & WORTHEN). 


Sandalodus levissimus Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. L[llinois, 
vol. II, p. 104, pl. x, figs. 6,7 and 8. 

Sandalodus grandis Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
Lisp. 105.pl.x, ties. | 

Deltodus grandis Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. II, 
p- 10), plotx, figs <0; 9a. 

Cochliodus ? crassus Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
IT, p. 186, pl. viii, figs. 2, 2a. 

Psammodus ? semi-cylindricus Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illi- 
nois, vol. II, p. 109, nl. xi, figs. 4, 4a. . 
Psammodus ? rhomboideus Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 

vol. II, p. 110, pl. xi, figs. 6, 6a. 
Sandalodus levissimus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VII, p. 186, pl. xii, figs. S8a-f. 


Horizon and localities. 
limestone: Boonville. 


Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 





Sandalodus spatulatus NEWBERRY & WORTHEN, 


~ Sandalodus spatulatus Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
Il, peenus pis. tipst 

Deltodus rhomboideus Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. Il, p. 100, pl. ix, fig. 8. 


Sandalodus crassus Newberry & Worthen, 1870: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 


1V, p. 369, pl. iv, fig. 3. 


Sandalodus spatulatus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 


VII, p. 188, pl. xii, figs. 7a-f. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Sandalodus crassus NEWBERRY & WORTHEN. 
Sandalodus crassus Newberry & Worthen, 1870: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
IV, p. 369, pl. iv, figs. 3-3a. 
Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Orthopleurodus carbonarius (NEwBERRY & WorTHEN),. 


Sandalodus carbonarius Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Dlinois, 
vol, II, p. 104, pl. x, figs. 4, 5. 

Deltodus angularis Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
I[, p. 104, pl. ix, figs. 4, 5. 

Orthopleurodus carbonarius St. John & Worthen, 1888: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. VII, p. 192, pl. xiii. fig. 6a. 


Horizon and localities —Upper Carboniferous, Upper Coal 
_ Measures: Kansas City ? 


a 


VERTEBRATES. 235 


Poecilodus sancti-ludovici St. JoHN & WorTHEN. 


Peecilodus sancti-ludovict St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. VII, p. 182, pl. viii, fig. 8a. 


Horizon and localities. 
limestone: Saint. Louis. 





Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 


Deltodus littoni Newperry & WorrTHEN. 
Deltodus littont Newberry & Worthen, 1870: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. IV, 
p. 367, pl. iv, figs. 8-8a. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boone county. 


Deltodus cinctulus St. Joun & WorTHEN, 


Deltodus cinctulus St. John & Worthen, 1833: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VII, p. 146, pl. ix, figs. 6a-c. 


Horizon and localities Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Barrett (St. Louis county). 


Deltodus parvus St. JoHn & WorRTHEN. 
Deltodus parvus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. [llinois, vol. VII, 
p. 150, pl. ix, figs. la-c. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone, Saint Louis, 


Deltodopsis sancti-ludovici St. JoHn & WorrTHEN. 


Deltodopsis sancti-ludovici St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. Vil,p. 161, pl. xi, figs. 2a-e. 


* 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Psammodus plenus St. JoHn & WorTHEN. 
Psammodus plenus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. VII, 
p. 213, pl. xvii, figs. la-f. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Copodus vanhornii St. Jonn & Wor THEN. 
Copodus vanhornii St. Johan & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VII, p. 229, pl. xx, figs. 2a-d. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


236 VERTEBRATES. 


Ctenacanthus excavatus Sr. Jonn & WoRTHEN. 


Ctenacanthus excavatus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. VI, p. 428, pl. xv, figs. 4a-d. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: LaGrange ( Lewis county ). 


Ctenacanthus keokuk St. JOHN & WoRTHEN. 


Ctenacanthus keokuk St. John and Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. L[llinois, 
vol. VI, p. 427, pl. xv, figs. 8a-e. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville (Cooper county), LaGrange (Lewis 
county ). 


Ctenacanthus pugiunculus St. JoHn & WoRTHEN. 


Ctenacanthus pugiunculus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. Vi, p. 480, pl. xxi, figs. 9a-c. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 


limestone: Saint Louis. 





Ctenacanthus gracillimus NEwBERRY & WORTHEN. 


Ctenacanthus gracillimus Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Dllinois, 
vol. II, p. 126, pl. xiii, fig. 3. 

Leptacanthus ? occidentalis Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol: Jip, 116, plxiiiige2: 

Acondylacanthus occidentalis St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. [iiuvis, 
vol. VI,-p. 433. 

Ctenacanthus gracillimus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Llinois, 
vol. VII, p. 238, pl. xxiv, fig. la. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Asteroptychius sancti-ludovici St. Joan & WorrTHEn. 


Asteroptychius sancti-ludovict St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illi- 
’ nois, vol. VI, p. 4387, pl. xvi, figs. 3a-e. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: St. Louis. 


Geisacanthus stellatus Sr. Joun & WorTHEN. 


Geisacanthus stellatus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VI, p. 440, pl. xxi, figs. 10a-e. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


VERTEBRATES. 237 


Plysonemus parvulus Sr. JoHN & WorrTHEN. 
Plysonemus parvulus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VI, p. 453, pl. xviii, fig. lla. 
Horizon and localities.— Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville (Cooper county ). 


Drepanacanthus reversus 8t. JoHn & WorTHEN. 


Drepanacanthus reversus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VI, p. 456, pl. xix, figs. 5, 6. 

Drepanucanthus reversus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. [llinois, 
vol. VII, p. 253, pl. xxiv, fig. 5a. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 


limestone: Saint Louis. 


Erismacanthus maccoyanus St. JoHn & WORTHEN. 


Erismacanthus macoyanus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. VI, p. 461, pl. xxii, figs. la-d. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Amacanthus gibbosus (NrEwBrrry & WorTHEN). 


Homacanthus gibbosus Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. II, p. 113, pl. xii, fig. 1. 

Amacanthus gibbosus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. [llinois, yol. 
VI, p. 464, pl. xxii, figs. 6a-c. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Marracanthus rectus (NEwBERRY & WorTHEN ). 


Homacanthus ? rectus Newberry & Worthen, 1866: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
II, p. 115, pl. xii, fig. 6. 

Marracanthus rectus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
Vi, p. 466, pl. xxii, figa. 7a-k. 


Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Physonemus falcatus St. Jonn & WorTHEN. 
Physonemus falcatus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 
VII, p. 252, pl. xxiv, figs. 6a-b. 
Horizon and localities—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


238 VERTEBRATES. 


Batacanthus baculiformis St. Joon & WorrTuHEN. 


Batacanthus baculiformis St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. VI, p. 469, pl. xxi, figs. 4a-f. 

Horizon and localities. —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: LaGrange (Lewis county), St. Francisville (Clark 
county.) 

Oracanthus vetustus Legrpy. 
Oracanthus vetustus Leidy, 1856: Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., (2), 

vol. Lil, p. 161, pl. 16, figs. 1, 2, 3. 

Oracanthus consimilis St. Joon & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, vol. 

VI, p. 476, pl. xxii, fig. 15a-d. 

Oracanthus vetustus St. John & Worthen, 1883: Geol. Sur. Lllinois, vol. 

VIL, p. 255, pl. xxix, figs. 2a-d. 

Horizon and localities— Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Gampsacanthus latus St. JoHn & WorTHEN. 


Gampsacanthus ? latus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 7ol. 
VI, p. 474, pl. xxii, figs. 14a. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk 
limestone: Boonville (Cooper county.) 


Gampsacanthus squamosus St. JoHN & WoRTHEN. 
Gampsacanthus sqguamosus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. [llinois, 
vol. VII, p. 473, pl. xxii, figs. 18a-c. 
Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Gampsacanthus typus St. Jonn & WorruHeEn. 
Gampsacanthus typus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur, Illinois, vol. 
Vi, p. 472, pl. xxii, figs. 12a-d. 


Horizon and localities —Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 


Lecracanthus unguiculus St. Jonn & WorrTHEN. 


Lecracanthus unguiculus St. John & Worthen, 1875: Geol. Sur. Illinois, 
vol. VI, p. 476, pl. xxii, figs. 10a-c. 


Horizon and localities.—Lower Carboniferous, Saint Louis 
limestone: Saint Louis. 





VERTEBRATES. 239 


Vertebrate Tracks. 

Beside the remains of hard parts of vertebrates mentioned, 
it is of great interest to note the recent discovery of large num- 
bers of vertebrate tracks in the shaly sandstones of the Upper 
Coal Measures at Kansas City. Quitea variety are represented. 
Most of them are small, none over three or four inches across, 
and the greater part of them not over a couple of inches in 
transverse measurement. In all respects they are very similar 
to the Connecticut valley tracks, only smaller. Full mention 
will be made of these footprints in another place. 





SYNONYMIC INDEXICAL LIST OF THE FOSSILS OF 
MISSOURI. 


BY CHARLES R. KEYES. 


In the preparation of an index to the fossils of Missouri, 
it is the intention to put in form for ready reference a compact 
list of not only the valid species which have been found within 
the limits of the State, but also a list of the different names 
which have been, at various times, proposed for forms which 
are now known to belong to species previously described. In 
this way, all the fossils which have been reported from the 
region, no matter what name or names may have been assumed, 
may be referred to without difficulty under their proper titles. 
At the same time, the page is given where each species is con- 
sidered in the report on the Paleontology of Missouri, where 
also additional references are given for an exhaustive study of 
the particular forms. The index, therefore, may be regarded 
as a systematic arrangement of all the terms which have been 
applied to the fossils occurring in Missouri. At the same time, 
it serves as a check-list for cataloguing purposes. 


Syn. Ctenacanthus gracillimus. 
Acroculia ovalis, II, 180. 

Syn. Capulus ovalis. 
Actinocrinus zqualis, I, 179. 

Syn. Batocrinus zqualis. 
Actinocrinus equibrachiatus, [, 

181. 

Syn. Batocrinus cequibrachiatus. 


Acervularia davidsoni, I, 104. 
Acidaspis halli, I, 230. 
Acidaspis hamata, I, 227. 
Aclis minuta, II, 202. 

Syn. Aclisina minuta. 
Aclis robusta, IT, 202. 

Syn. Aclisina robusta. 
Aclisina bellilineata, II, 202. 


Aclisina minuta, ITI, 202. 

Aclisina robusta, II, 202. 

Aclisina stevensana, II, 202. 

Acondylacanthus occidentalis, Ii, 
236. . 


G—18 


Actinocrinus zquibrachiatus, var. 
alatus, I, 181. 
Syn. Batocrinus sequibrachiatus. 
Actinocrinus araneolus, I, 194. 
Syn. Steganocrinus araneolus. 


242 


Actinocrinus arrosus, I, 186. 

Actinocrinus asterias, I, 189. 
Syn. Actinocrinus verrucosus. 

Actinocrinus asteriscus, I, 18]. 


Syn. Batocrinus zequibrachiatus. 


Actinocrinus biturbinatus, I[, 184. 

Syn. Batocrinus biturbinatus, 
Actinocrinus blairi, I, 189. 

Syn. Actinoerinus glans. 
Actinocrinus brevicornis, [, 165. 

Syn. Megistocrinus brevicornis. 
Actinocrinus brevis, I, 167. 

Syn. Agaricocrinus brevis. 
Actinocrinus brittsi, I, 188. 
Actinocrinus calyculoides, I, 177. 


Syn. Eretmocrinus calyculoides. 


Actinocrinus carica, I, 176. 
Syn. EKretmocrinus carica. 
Actinocrinus chloris, I, 187. 


Syn. Actinocrinus tenuisculptus. 
Actinocrinus chouteauensis, I, 169. 


Syn. Dorycrinus chouteauensis. 
Actinocrinus christyi, [, 181. 
Syn. Batocrinus christyi. 
Actinocrinus clypeatus, I, 179. 
Syn. Batocrinus clypeatus. 
Actinocrinus ccelatus, [, 187. 
Actinocrinus concinnus, I, 194. 
Syn. Steganocrinus concinnus. 
Actinocrinus corbulis, I, 175. 
Syn. Eretmocrinus corbulis. 
Actinocrinus corniculus, I, 167. 
Syn. Agaricocrinus brevis. 
Actinocrinus cornigerus, I, 172. 
Syn. Dorycrinus cornigerus. 
Actinocrinus coronatus, I, 176. 
Syn. Eretmocrinus coronatus. 
Actinocrinus delicatus, I, 190. 
Syn. Teliocrinus umbrosus. 
Actinocrinus desideratus, [, 171. 
Syn. Dorycrinus missouriensis. 
Actinocrinus divaricatus, I, 172. 
Syn. Dorycrinus cornigerus. 
Actinocrinus divergens, I, 166. 


Syn. Amphoracrinus divergens. 
Actinocrinus dodecadactylus, I, 183. 
Syn. Batocrinus dodecadactylus. 


Actinocrinus doris, I, 179. 
Syn. Batocrinus equalis. 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Actinocrinus erraticus, I, 187. 

Syn. Actinocrinus thalia. 
Actinocrinus eryx, I, 189. 

Syn. Actinocrinus glans. 
Actinocrinus euconus, I, 184. 

Syn. Batocrinus euconus. 
Actinocrinus evansi, I, 164. 

Syn. Megistocrinus evansi. 
Actinocrinus fossatus, I, 188. 
Actinocrinus glans, I, 189. 
Actinocrinus gouldi, I, 173. 

Syn. Dorycrinus gouldi. 
Actinocrinus inornatus, I, 179. 

Syn. Batocrinus clypeatus. 
Actinocrinus jugosus, I, 190. 
Actinocrinus koninckii, I, 178. 

Syn. Eretmocrinus koninckii. 
Actinocrinus lagina, [, 185. 

Syn. Actinocrinus proboscidialis. 
Actinocrinus laura, I, 182. 

Syn. Batinocrinus laura. 
Actinocrinus leucosia, I, 176. 

Syn. Eretmocrinus leucosia. 
Actinocrinus liratus, I, 191. 

Syn. Teliocrinus liratus. 
Actinocrinus lobatus, I, 190. 
Actinocrinus longirostris, I, 180. 

Syn. Batocrinus longirostris. 
Actinocrinus lowei, I, 189. 
Actinocrinus minor, I, 165. 

Syn. Magistocrinus brevicornis. 
Actinocrinus mississippiensis I, 

174. 

Syn. Dorycrinus mississippiensis. 
Actinocrinus missouriensis, I, 171. 
Syn. Dorycrinus missouriensis. 
Actinocrinus multiradiatus, I, 188. 

Actinocrinus nashville, I, 183. 

Syn. Batocrinus nashville. 

Actinocrinus nashvillz, var. sub- 
tractus, I, 183. 

Syn. Batocrinus subtractus. 
Actinocrinus nesticus, I, 188. 

Syn. Actinocrinus scitulus. 
Actinocrinus nodosus, I, 187. 

Syu. Actinocrinus thalia. 
Actinocrinus obesus, I, 187. 
Actinocrinus oblatus, I, 1/2. 

Syn. Batocrinus rotundus. 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 243 


Actinocrinus ornatus, I, 192. 

Syn. Physetocrinus ornatus. 
Actinocrinus papillatus, I, 179. 

Syn. Batocrinus clypeatus. 
Actinocrinus parvus, I, 171. 

Syn. Dorycrinus parvus. 
Actinocrinus pendens, I, 169. 

Syn. Dorycrinus unicornis. 
Actinocrinus pentagonus, I, 195. 

Syn. Steganocrinus pentagonus. 
Actinocrinus pernodosus, [, 190. 
Actinocrinus planobasalis, I, 166. 

Syn. Amphoracrinus divergens. 
Actinocrinus planodiseus, I, 184. 

Syn. Batocrinus planodiscus. 
Actinocrinus proboscidialis, I, 185. 
Actinocrious pyriformis, I, 182. 

Syn. Batocrinus pyriformis. 
Actinocrinus quadrispinus, [, 166. 

Syn. Amphoracrinus divergens. 
Actinocrinus quaternariusg, I, 185. 

Syn. Actinocrinus proboscidialis. 
Actinocrinus quaternarius, var. 

spiniferus, I, 185. 

Syn. Actinocrinus proboscidialis. 
Actinocrinus quinquelobus, [, 172. 

Syn. Dorycrinus cornigerus. 
Actinocrinus regalis, I, 193. 

Syn. Strotocrinus regalis. 
Actinocrinus remibrachiatus, [, 178. 

Syn. Eretmocrinus remibrachia- 

tus. 

Actinocrinus reticulatus, I, 186. 
Actinocrinus rotundus, [, 182. 

Syn. Batocrinus rotundus, 
Actinocrinus scitulus, I, 188. 
Actinocrinus sculptus, I, 194. 

Syn. Steganocrinus sculptus. 
Actinocrinus sedaliensis, [, 225. 

Doubtful. 
Actinocrinus senarius, I, 192. 

Syn. Physetocrinus ornatus. 
Actinocrinus sillimani, I, 188. 

Syn. Actinocrinus scitulus. 
Actinocrinus speciosus, I, 193. 

Syn. Strotocrinus regalis. 
Actinocrinus subaculeatus, I, 170. 

Syn. Dorycrinus subaculeatus. 


Actinocrinus subumbrosus, I, 191. 

Syn. Teliocrinus liratus. 
Actinocrinus superlatus, I, 165. 

Syn. Megistocrinus brevicornis. 
Actinocrinus subventricosus, I, 192. 

Syn. Physetocrinus ventricosus. 
Actinocrinus subturbinatus, I, 171. 

Syn. Dorycrinus parvus. 
Actinocrinus symmetricus, I, 171. 

Syn. Dorycrinus parvus. 
Actinocrinus tenuisculptus, I, 187. 
Actinocrinus thalia, I, 187. 
Actinocrinus themis, 1, 185. 

Syn. Actinocrinus proboscidialis. 
Actinocrinus tricornis, I, 169. 

Syn. Dorycrinus unicornis. 
Actinocrinus trinodus, 1, 171. 

Syn. Dorycrinus parvus. 
Actinocrinus turbinatus, var. ele- 

gans, I 180. 

Syn. Batocrinus elegans. 
Actinocrinus umbrosus, [, 190. 

Syn. Teliocrinus umbrosus. 
Aetinocrinus unicornis, I, 169. 

Syn. Dorycrinus unicornis. 
Actinocrinus urneformis, I, 178. 

Syn. Eretmocrinus koninckii. 
Actinocrinus validus, I, 194. 

Syn. Strotocrinus concinnus. 
Actinocrinus ventricosus, LI, 192. 

Syn. Physetocrinus ventricosus. 
Actinocrinus verneuilianus, I, 177 

Syn. Eretmocrinus verneuilianus 
Actinocrinus verrucosus, I, 189. 
Actinocrinus wachsmuthi, I, 188. 

Syn. Actinocrinus scitulus. 
Actinocrinus whitei, [, 164. 

Syn. Perieochocrinus whitei. 
Actinotrypa peculiaris, II, 18. 
Actinurus boltoni, Ll, 226. 

Syn. Lichas boltoni. 

/Hsiocrinus basiliscus, I, 220. 

Syn. Phialocrinus basiliscus. 
®siocrinus harii, [, 219. 

Syn. Phialocrinus harii. 
AHsiocrinus magnificus, I, 220. 

Syn. Phialocrinus magnificus. 
Agaricocrinus americanus, I, 168. 


244 


Agaricocrinus blairi, I, 167. 
Syn. Agaricocrinus planocon- 
vexus. 
Agaricocrinus brevis, I, 167. 
Agaricocrinus bullatus, I, 168. 

Syn. Agaricocrinus americanus. 
Agaricocrinus chouteauensis, 167. 

Syn. Agaricocrinus planocon- 

vexus. 
Agaricocrinus excavatus, I, 168. 

Syn. Agaricocrinus americanus. 
A garicocrinus germanus, I, 167. 

Syn. Agaricocrinus planocon- 

vexus. 
Agaricocrinus nodosus, I, 168. 

Syn. Agaricocrinus americanus, 
Agaricocrinus pentagonus, I, 167. 
Agaricocrinus planoconvexus, I, 167 
Agaricocrinus tuberosus, I, 168. 

Syn. Agaricocrinus americanus. 
Agaricocrinus sampsoni, I, 167. 

Syn. Agaricocrinus planocon- 

vexus. 
Agaricocrinus wortheni, I, 168. 
Agassizocrinus dactyliformis, {[, 
221. 
Agassizocrinus globosus, I, 216. 

Syn. Cromyocrinus globosus. 
Agelacrinus kaskaskiensis. 

Syn. Echinodiscus kaskaskiensis. 
Allorisma antiqua, II, 127. 
Allorisma costata, LI, 128. 
Allorisma cuneata, II, 131. 

Doubtful. 

Allorisma ensiformis, II, 129. 

Syn. Allorisma subcuneatum. 
Allorisma granosum, ILI, 128. 
Allorisma hannibalensis, IL, 127. 
Allorisma leavenworthensis, II, 131. 

Syn. Chenomya leavenworthen- 

sis. 
Allorisma lata, II, 131. 
~ Doubtful. 
Allorisma marionensis, LI, 127. 
Allorisma minnehaha, II, 130. 

Syn. Chenomya minnehaha. 
Allorisma subcuneatum, II, 129. 
Allorisma topekaensis, LI, 128. 
Amacanthus gibbosus, [I, 237. 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Amboceclia gemmula, II, 85. 

Syn. Spirifera planoconvexus. 
Amboceelia minuta, IL, 90. 
Amplexus bicostatus, I, 109. 

Syn. Amplexus fragilis. 
Amplexus coraloides, I, 109. 

Syn. Amplexus fragilis. 
Amplexus fragilis, I, 109. 
Amplexus yandelli, 108. 
Amphoracrinus americanus, [, 168. 

Syn. Agaricocrinus americanus. 
Amphoracrinus divergens, I, 166. 
Ampboracrinus multiramosus, I, 

166. 

Syn. Amphoracrinus divergens. 
Ancella hausmanni, I[,119. 

Syn. Myalina swallowi. 
Anisotrypa solida, IL, 18. 

Anomia reticularis, II, 97. 

Syn. Atrypa reticularis. 
Anomites punctatus, IL, 51. 

Syn. Productus punctatus. 
Anomphalus rotulus, II, 154. 
Arca striata, II, 120. 

Syn. Macrodon tenuistriatus. 
Archeocidaris aculeata, L, 130. 
Archeeocidaris agassizi, [, 127. 
Archeocidaris biangulata, I, 130. 
Archeeocidaris dininnii, I, 130. 
Archeocidaris gracilis, [, 130. 

Syn. Archeocidaris aculeata. 
Archeocidaris hallianus, 1, 129. 
Archeocidaris keokuk, [, 128. 
Archeocidaris megastylus, I, 129. 
Archzocidaris newberryi, I, 129. 
Archezocidaris norwoodi, I, 129. 
Archzeocidaris shumardiana, I, 128. 
Archeocidaris verneuiliana, I, 130. 

Syn. Archezocidaris aculeata. 
Archeocidaris wortheni, [, 128. 
Archimedes laxus, LI, 27. 


. Archimedes owenanus, [I, 26. 


Archimedes reversa, I1, 26. 

Syn. Archimedes wortheni. 
Archimedes swallowanus, II, 26. 
Archimedes wortheni, II, 26. 
Astartella concentrica, II, 126. 
Astartella vera, II, 125. 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Asteroptychius sancti-ludovici, II, 
236. 
Astre mammillaris, I, 106. 

Syn. Lithostrotion mamillare. 
Athyris argentea, LI, 92. 

Athyris differentis, L1, 93. 

Syn. Athyris argentea. 
Athyris formosa, LI, 91 
Athyris hannibalensis, II, 91. 
Athyris incrassatus, LI, 91. 
Athbyris proutii, Li, 91. 
Athyris sublameliosa, II, 92. 
Athyris subquadrata, [L, 92. 
Athyris trinculea, II, 92. 
Athyris ultravarica, Li, 106. 

Doubtful. 

Athyris vittata, II, 90. 
Atrypa aspera, var. 
1 ee * 

Syn. Atyrpa occidentalis. 
Atrypa capax, II, 99. 

Syn. Rhynchonella capax. 
Atrypa dentata, il, 100. 

‘Syn. Rhynchonella dentata. 
Atrypa increbescens, IL, 99. 

Syn. Rbynchonella capax. 
Atrypa levis, LI, 104. 

Syn. Meristeila levis. 

Atrypa modesta, IJ, 98. 

Syn. Zygospira modesta. 

Atrypa occidentalis, LI, 97. 
Atrypa peculiaris, If, 104. 

Syn. Eatonia peculiaris. 

Atrypa reticuliaris, Ll, 97. 
Aulopora gracilis, L, 123. 
Avicula circulus, If, 109. 

Syno. Entolium circulus. 
Avicula cooperensis, II, 109. 

Syn. Entolium cooperensis. 
Avicula longa, LI, 113. 

Avicula magna, II, 110. 

Syn. Aviculopecten magna. 
Avicula pinnzformis, II, 115. 

Syn. Aviculopinna americana, 
Aviculopecten carboniferus, IT, 111. 
Aviculopecten coryanus, II, i13. 
Aviculopecten coxanus, II, 112. 
Aviculopecten fasciculatus, IL, 113. 
Aviculopecten interlineatus, II, 112. 


occidentalis, 


245 


Aviculopecten magna, II, 110. 
Aviculopecten missouriensis, II, 
110. 

Aviculopecten neglectus, II, 115. 
Syn. Kuchondria negiecta. 

Aviculopecten occidentalis, II, 110. 

Aviculopecten williamsi, LI, 131. 
Doubtful. 

Aviculopinna americana, II, 115. 

Axophylium rude, I, 107. 


Bactropora simplex, II, 35. 
Barycrinus blairi, 1, 209. 

Syn. Barycrinus hoveyi. 
Barycrinus boonvillensis, I, 225. 

Doubtful. 

Barycrinus hoveyi, I, 209. 
Barycrinus magnifticus, [, 210. 
Barycrinus meekianus, [, 211. 
Barycrinus rhombiferus, I, 210. 
Barycrinus spurius, 1, 209. 
Barycrinus stellatus, [, 210. 
Batacanthus baculiformis, il, 238. 
Bathyurus conicus, L, 233. 

Syn. Ptychoporia conica. 
Batocrinus equalis, [, 179. 
Batocrinus altiusculus, 1, 181. 

Syn. Batocrinus christyi. 
Batocrinus aspratillis, L, 180. 

Syn. Batocrinus cly peatus. 
Batocrinus biturbinatus, I, 194. 
Batocrinus blairi, I, 180. 
Batocrinus boonvillensis, I, 178. 

Syn. Eretmocrinus originarius. 
Batocrinus brittsi, I, 183. 

Syn. Batocrinus subtractus. 
Batocrinus calvini, I, 183. 
Batocrinus calyculoides, I, 177. 

Syn. EKretmocrinous calyculoides. 
Batocrinus carica, I, 176. 

Syn. Hretmocrinus carica. 
Batocrinus christyi, {, 181. 
Batocrinus clyeatus, I, 179. 
Batocrinus cumparilis, I, 175. 

Syn. Hretmocrinus corbulis. 
Batocrinus corbulis, I, 175. 

Syn. Hretmocrinus carbulis. 
Batocrinus divalis, I, 184. 

Syn. Batocrinus euconus. 


246 


Batocrinus dodecadactylus, I, 183. 
Batocrinus doris, I, 179. 

Syn. Batocrinus equalis. 
Batocrinus elegans, L, 180. 
Batocrinus euconus, I, 184. 
Batocrinus gorbyi, I, i78. 

Syn. EHretmocrinus originarius. 
Batocrinus gurleyi, I, 178. 

Syn. Eretmocrinus originarius. 
Batocrinus laura, I, 182. 
Batocrinus longirostris, I, 180. 
Batocrinus konincki, [, 178. 

Syn. Hretmocrinus konincki. 
Batocrinus mediccris, [, 178. 

Syn. Eretmocrinus originarius. 
Batocrinus nashville, I, 183. 
Batocrinus nashville, var. 

tractus, I, 183. 

Syn. Batocrinus subtractus. 
Batocrinus rotundus, i, 182. 
Batocrinus planodiscus, I, 184. 
Batocrinus pulchellus, I, 184. 
Batocrinus pyriformis, I, 182. 
Batocrinus scyphus, I, 182. 

Syn. Batocrinus laura. 
Batocrinus subtractus, I, 183. 
Batocrinus trochiscus, I, 181. 
Batocrinus urneformis, I, 178. 

Syn. Eretmocrinus konincki. 
Batocrinus venustus, I, 184. 

Syn. Batocrinus euconus. 
Batocrinus verneuilianus, I, 177. 


sub- 


Syn. Eretmocrinus verneuilianus. 


Batostomella nitidula, II, 14 
Belemnocrinus sanipsoni, [, 207. 
Bellerophon bellus, I[(, 148. 
Bellerophon bilabiatus, iI, 147. 
Bellerophon bilobatus, I1, 147. 
Bellerophon blaneyanus, LI, 149. 
Syn. Bellerophon urii. 
Bellerophon carbonarius, II, 149. 
Syn. Bellerophon urii. 
Bellerophon crassus, [I, 151. 
Bellerophon inspeciosus, If, 152. 
Syn. Bellerophon nodocarinatus. 
Bellerophon interlineatus, LL, 149. 
Syn. Bellerophon montfortianus. 
Bellerophon marcouanus, II, 148, 
Bellerophon meekianus, LI, 149. 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Bellerophon montfortianus, II, 151. 
Bellerophon nodocarinatus, II, 152. 
Bellerophon panneus, II, 147. 
Bellerophon percarinatus, LI, 153. 
Belleropon scissile, II, 216. 

Doubtful. 
Bellerophon stevensianus, II, 152. 
Bellerophon subpapillosus, II, 149. 

Syn. Bellerophon urii. 
Bellerophon sublzevis, [[, 148. 
Bellerophon tricarinatus, II, 152. 

Syn. Bellerophon nodocarinatus. 
Bellerophon urii, [I, 149. 
Blairocrinus arro3us, [, 186. 

Syn. Actinocrinus arrosus. 
Blairocrinus bullatus, I, 186. 

Syn. Actinocrinus arrosus. 
Blairocrinus trijugis, I, 174. 

Syn. Genneocrinus trijugis. 
Bulimeila bulimiformis, IL, 204. 

Syn. Bulimorpha bulimiformis. 
Bulimorpha bulimiformis, [[, 204. 
Bulimorpha inornata, LI, 205. 


Calamopora favosa, [, 120. 

Syn. Favosites favosa. 
Calamopora bemispherica, I, 120. 
Syn. Favosites hemispherica. 

Calceocrinus dactylus, [, 222. 

Syn. Calceocrinus ventricosus. 
Calceocrinus robustus, I, 222. 

Syn. Calceocrinus tunicatus. 
Calceocrinus tunicatus, I, 222. 
Calceocrinus ventricosus, I, 222. 
Callopora punctata, IT, 13. 

Syn. Leioclema punctatum. 
Calymene rugosa, [, 233. 
Calymene senaria, I, 230. 
Camarophoria globulina, II, 103. 

Syn. Rhynchonella uta. 
Camarophoria subtrigona, II, 102. 

Syn. Rhynchonella subtrigona. 
Camarophoria swallowiana, LI, 103. 

Syn. Rhynchonella uta. 
Camerella calcifera, II, 99. 
Campophyllum torquium, [, 107. 
Capulus acutrostris, LI, 190. 

Syn. Orthonychia acutirostre. 
Capulus biserialis, [[, 177, 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 247 


Capulus chesterensis, II, 191. 

Syn. Orthonychia chesterense. 
Capulus cyrtolites, [I, 188. 

Syn. Orthonychia cyrtolites. 
Capulus equilateralis, [1, 178. 
Capulus formosus, II, 188. 

Syn. Orthonychia formosum. 
Capulus fissurella, Ii, 186. 

Syn. Igoceras fissurella. 
Capulus haliotoides, II, 174. 
Capulus infundibulum, II, 184. 

Syn. Igoceras pabulocrinus. 
Capulus latus, II, 176. 

Capulus obliquus, II, 177. 
Capulus ovalis, IL, 180. 
Capulus paralius, II, 174. 
Capulus parvusg, II, 180. 
Capulus tribulosug, U1, 175. 
Capulus subsinuosus, II, 173. 
Cardinia occidentalis, II, 131. 

Doubtful. 

Cardiomorpha missouriensis, II, 131. 
Cardiomorpha triangulata, II, 131. 
Cardium lexingtonensis, II, 132. 

Doubtful. 

Ceriocrinus hemisphericus, 1, 220. 
Chenomya leaven worthensis, [I, 131 
Chzenomya minnehaha, II, 130. 
Chetetes milleporaceus, I, 123. 
Cheirocrinus cactylus, I, 222. 

Syn. Calceocrinus ventricosus. 
Cheirocrinus nodosus, I, 222. 

Syn. Calceocrinus ventricosus. 
Cheirocrinus tunicatus, I, 222. 

Syn. Calceocrinus tunicatus. 
Cheirocrinus ventricosus, I, 222. 

Syn. Calceocrinus ventricosus. 
Cheirocrinus wachsmuthi, I, 222. 

Syn. Calceocrinus ventricosus. 
Chemnitzia tenuilineatum, II, 206. 

Syn. Loxonema tenuilineatum. 
Chomatodus incrassatus, IT, 231. 
Chomatodus parallelus, II, 231. 
Chonetes flemingi, II, 54 
Chonetes geinitzianug, II, 55. 

Syn. Chonetes Jevis. 

Chonetes geniculatus, II, 53, 
Chonetes glabra, II, 55. 
Syn. Chonetes levis. 


Chonetes granulifera, II, 56. 
Chonetes illinoisensis, II, 53. 
Chonetes Jezvis, II, 55. 
Chonetes logani, II, 53. 

Syn. Chonetes illinoisensis. 
Chonetes mesaloba, II, 53. 
Chonetes millepunctatus, II, 54. 
Chonetes mucronata, IIL, 56. 

Syn. Chonetes granulifera. 
Chonetes ornata, II, 53. 

Chonetes parva, II, 54. 

Syn. Chonetes flemingi. 
Chonetes smithii, IL, 56. 

Syn. Chonetes granulifera. 
Chonetes verneuiliana, II, 54. 

Syn. Chonetes flemingi. 
Chonophyllum sedaliense, I, 116. 
Cladodus eccentricus, II, 229. 
Cladodus elegans, IL, 229. 
Cladodus eugly phens, li, 229. 
Cladodus ischypus, I1, 229. 
Cleistopora placenta, I, 119. 
Cleistopora typa, I, 119. 
Clidophorus solenoides, II, 130. 

Syn. Solenopsis solenoides. 
Clinopistha radiata, If, 124. 
Clinopistha radiata, var. levis, II, 

124. 

Syn. Clinopistha radiata. 
Cochliodus crassus, II, 234. 

Syn. Sandalodus levissimus. 
Cochliodus obliquus, II, 233. 
Cochliodus vanhornii, II, 233. 
Codaster stelliformis, I, 141. 

Syn. Orophocrinus stelliformis. 
Codonites campanulatus, I, 142. 

Syn. Orophocrinus campanulatus. 
Codonites stelliformis, I, 141. 

Syp. Orophocrinus stelliformis. 
Colpocaris chesterensis, I, 239. 
Columnaria stellata, I, 116. 
Comarocystites obconicus, I, 132. 
Comarocystites shumardi, I, 132. 
Conchita rhumboidalis, I1, 70. 

Syn. Plectambonites rhomboidalis 
Conocardium parrishi, If, 124. 
Conopterium effusum, I, 118. 
Conularia crustula, II, 219. 
Conularia marionensis, [1, 217. 


248 


Conularia missourienses, II, 218. 
Conularia osagensis, II, 218. 
Conularia subcarbonaria, II, 218. 
Conularia subulata, II, 218. 
Conularia triplicata. II, 217. 
Copodus vanhornii, II, 235. 
Coscinium elegans, II, 21. 

Syn. Glyptopora elegans. 
Coscinium keyserlingi, II, 22. 

Syn. Glyptopora keyserlingi. 
Coscinium latum, II, 18. 
Coscinium michelinia, II, 22. 

Syn. Glytopora michelinia. 
Coscinium plumoga, II, 20. 

Syn. Glyptopora plumosa. 
Coscinium sagenelila, II, 21. 

Syn. Glyptopora sagenella. 
Cosinopora sulcuta, I, 103. 

Syn. Receptaculites oweni. 
Crania levis, LI, 40. 
Crenipecten retiferus, II, 108. 

Syn. Lima retifera. 
Cromyocrinus buttsi, I, 216. 
Cromyocrinus globosus, I, 216. 
Cromyocrinus kansasensis, I, 216. 


Crytoblastus kirkwoodensis, I, 139. 


Crytoblastus melo, i, 139. 
Ctenacanthus excavatus, II, 236. 
Ctenacanthus gracillimus, II, 236. 
Ctenacanthus keokuk, II, 236. 


Ctenacanthus pugiunculus, IT, 236. 


Cyathocrinus boonvillensis, I, 208. 
Cyathocrinus divaricatus, I, 207. 

Syn. Cyathocrinus iowensis. 
Cyathocrinus enormis, [ 208. 
Cyathocrinus hoveyi, [, 209. 

Syn. Barycrinus hoveyi. 
Cyathocrinus intermedius, I, 207. 

Syn. Parisocrinus intermedius. 
Cyathocrinus iowensis, I, 207. 
Cyathocrinus magnolieformis, I, 

214. 

Syn. Zeacrinus magnolizformis. 
Cyathocrinus malvaceus, I, 207. 

Syn. Cyathocrinus iowensis. 
Cyathocrinus maniformis, 1, 217. 


Syn. Eupachycrinus maniformis. 
Cyathocrinus quinquelobus, I, 210. 


Syn. Barycrinus stellatus. 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Cyathocrinus sampsoni, [, 208. 

Syn. Cyathocrinus iowensis. 
Cyathocrinus spurins, I, 209. 

Syn. Baryocrinus spurius. 
Cyathocrinus stellatus, I, 210. 

Syn. Barycrinus stellatus. 
CyatLocrinus stillativus, I, 219. 

Syn. Phialocrinus stillativus. 
Cyathocrinus viminalis, I, 207. 

Syn. Cyathocrinus iowensis. 
Cyathopbyllum cornicula, I, 105. 
Cyathophylium davidsoni, I, 104. 

Syn. Acervularia davidsoni. 
Cyathophyllum glabrum, I, 105. 
Cyathophyllum torquium, I, 107. 

Syn. Campopbyllum terquium. 
Cyathaxomia prolifera, I, 115. 

Syn. Lophophyllum proliferum~. 
Cyclonema bilix, If, 154. 
Cyclopora discoidz, II, 37. 

Syn. Proutella discoidea. 
Cyclopora expatiata, II, 37. 
Cyclopora fungia, II, 36. 
Cyclopora polymorpha, IT, 15. 

Syn. Stenopora fuberculata. 
Cycloporella perversa, II, 37. 
Cycloporella spinifera, II, 37. 
Cyphaspis girardeauensis, I, 228. 
Cypricardia chouteauensis, II, 132. 

Doubtful. 

Cypricardia occidentalis, II, 132. 
Cypridardia pikensis, II, 132. 

Doubtful. 

Cypridardia plicatula, II, 132. 

Doubtful. 

Cypricardia wheeleri, II, 123. 

Syn. Schizodus wheeleri. 
Cypricardinella gorbyi, II, 132. 

Doubtful. 

Cyrtia acutirostris, II, 89. 

Syn. Cyrtina acutirostris. 
Cyrtia dalmani, II, 89. 

Syn. Cyrtina dalmani. 

Cyrtia missouriensis, [I, 90. 

Syn. Cyrtina umbonata. 

Cyrtia occidentalis, II, 86. 

Syn. Syringothyris occidentalis. 
Cyrtia umbonata, II, 90. 

Syn. Cyrtina umbonata. 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Cyrtina acutirostris, II, 89. 
Cyrtina dalmani, IL, 89. 
Cyrtina umbonata, IL, 90. 
Cystodictya americana, IT, 17. 
Cystodictya nitida, II, 17. 
Cystodictya pustulosa, II, 17. 
Cystophyllum americanun, I, 117. 
Cythere sublevis, [, 238. 

Syn. Leperditia subleyis. 


Dalmania tridentifera, I, 229. 
Syn. Dalmanites tridentifera. 

Dalmanites tridentifera, I, 229. 

Delthyris acutilirata, il, 66. 
Syn. Platystrophia acutilirata. 


Deltodopsis sancti-ludovici, [1, 235. 


Deltodus angularis, IL, 234. 


Syn. Orthopleurodus carbonarius. 


Deltodus cinctulas, [[, 235. 
Deltodus grandis, I, 234. 

Syn. Sandalodus levissimus. 
Deltodus littoni, IL, 235. 
Deltodus parvus, II, 235. 
Deltodus rhomboideus, I, 235. 

Syn. Sandalodus spatulatus. 
Deltoptychius expansus, [L, 233. 


Deltoptychius wachsmuthi, IT, 233. 


Dentalium meekianum, II, 133. 
Dentalium missouriense, Il, 133. 
Dentalium primarium, II, 133. 
Depranacanthus reversus, II, 237. 
Desmiodus costelliferus, IL, 230. 
Desmiodus flabellum, I[, 230. 
Desmiodus ligoniformis, LI, 230. 
Desmiodus tumidus, IL, 230. 
Delocrinus hemisphericus, I, 221. 
Syn. Ceriocrinus hemisphericus. 
Delocrinus missouriensis, IL, 221. 


Syn. Ceriocrinus hemisphericus. 


Dielasma bovidens, II, 105. 

Syn. Terebratula bovidens. 
Dichocrinus blairi, I, 205. 
Dichocrinus chesterensis, I, 206. 

Syn. Pterotocrinus chesterensis. 
Dichocrinus coxanus, I, 204. 

Syn. Dichocrinus ficus. 
Dichocrinus ficus, [, 204. 
Dichocrinus humbergi, I, 204. 

Syn. Dichocrinus ficus. 


G—19 


249 


Dichocrinus lineatus, I, 203. 
Dichocrinus liratus, I, 203. 
Dichocrinus parvulus, I, 204. 

Syn. Dichocrinus ficus. 
Dichocrinus simplex, I, 205. 

Syn. Talarocrinus simplex. 
Dichocrinus striatus, I, 203. 
Dichotrypa intermedia, [I, 18. 
Diplopora bifurcata, IT, 33. 
Discina capuliformis, [1, 39. 

Syn. Discina nitida. 

Discina convexa, II, 40. 
Discina missouriensis, [I, 39. 

Syn. Discina nitida. 

Discina newberryi, [I, 40. 
Discina nitida, IT, 39. 
Dircina sampsoni, II, 40. 

Syn. Discina newberryi. 
Discranurus bamata, I, 227. 

Syn. Acidaspis hamata. 
Dorycrinus amzenug, I, 17]. 

Syn. Dorycrinus parvus. 
Dorycrinus chouteauensis, I, 169. 
Dorycrinus confragosus, I, 176. 

Syn. Hretmocrinus leucosia. 
Dorycrinus connigerus, I, 172. 
Dorycrinus elegans, I, 170. 
Dorycrinus gouldi, I, 173. 
Dorycrinus intermedius, I, 173. 

Syn. Dorycrinus intermedius. 
Dorycrinus mississippiensis, [, 174. 
Dorycrinus missouriensis, I, 171. 
Dorycrinus parvus, I, 171. 
Dorycrinus quinquelobus, [, 172. 

Syn. Dorycrinus cornigerus. 
Dorycrinus quinquelobus, var. in- 

termedius, [, 173. 
Dorycrinus subaculeatus, J, 170. 
Dorycrinus subturbinatus, I, 171. 

Syn. Dorycrinus parvus. 
Dorycrinus symmetricus, I, 171. 

Syn. Dorycrinus parvus. 
Dorycrinus unicornis, I, 160. 


Eatonia peculiaris, IT, 104. 
Eecyliomphalus paradoxus, II, 164. 
Syn. Phanerotinus paradoxus. 
Kchinodiscus kaskasiensis, I[, 133. 

Echinodiscus sampsoni, I, 133. 


250 


Edmondia aspinwallensis, II, 126. 
Edmondia burlingtonensis, II, 126. 
Edmondia concentrica, II, 126. 

Syn. Astartella concentrica. 
EKdmondia glabra, II, 127. 
EKdmondia marionensis, II, 182. 

Doubtful. - 
Edmondia nuptialis, II, 126. 
Edmondia radiata, [I, 124. 

Syn. Clinopistha radiata. 
Edmondia subtruneata, II, 127. 
Edriocrinus pocilliformis, I, 220. 
Eleacrinus kirkwoodensis, [, 139. 

Syn. Cryptoblastus kirkwooden- 

sis. 
Eleeacrinus melo, I, 139. 

Syn. Cryptoblastus melo. 
Eleacrinus norwoodi, I, 140. 

Syn. Granatocrinus norwoodi. 
Enchondria neglecta, II, 115. 
Encrina godoni, I, 136. 

Syn. Pentremites godoni. 
Encrinites florealis, I, 136. 

Syn. Pentremites godoni. 
Endoceras elongatum, II, 220. 
Endoceras proteiforme, var. elonga- 

tum, Il, 220. 

Syn. Endoceras elongatum. 
Entolium aviculatum, LI, 109. 
Entolium circulus, Il, 109. 
Entolium cooperensis, If, 109. 
EKocidaris hallianus, [, 129. 

Syn, Archeocidaris hallianus. 
Eretmocrinus calyculoides, I, 173. 
Eretmocrinus carica, I, 176. 
Eretmocrinus coronatus, I, 176. 
Eretmocrinus corbulis, I, 175. 
Eretmocrinus depressus, I, 176. 
Eretmocrinus expransus, I, 175. 
Kretmocrinus koninckii, [, 178. 
Eretmocrinus leucosia, J, 176. 
Eretmocrinus originarius, ], 178. 
Eretmocrinus remibrachiatus, [, 

178. 
Eretmocrinus verneuilianus I, 177. 
Erismacanthus maccoyanus, I1,237. 


Eucladocrinus pleuroviminus, [, 202. 


Eucrinurus deltoideus, [, 229. 
EKulima peracuta, II, 205. 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


EKupachycrinus harii, I, 218. 
Eupachycrinus magister, I, 218. 
Eupachycrinus maniformis, [, 217. 
Eupachycrinus orbicularis, I, 217. * 
Eupachyecrinus spheralis, I, 218. 

Syn. Eupacbycrinus magister. 
Eupachycrinus verrucosus, I, 217. 
Euomphalus ammon, II, 158. 

Syn. Straparollus ammon. 
Euomphalus boonensis, II, 158. 

Syn. Straparollus latus. 
Euowphalus latus, Il, 158. 

Syn. Straparollus latus. 
EKuomphalus lens, II, 134 

Syn. Pleurotomaria lens. ~ 


. Kuomphalus obtusus, II, 157. 


Syn. Straparollus obtusus. 
Euomphbalus pernodosus, II, 161. 
Syn. Straparollus pernodosus. 
Euomphalus perspectivus, Il, 160. 
Syn. Straparollus planidorsatus. 
Euomphalus planidorsatus, II, 160. 
Syn. Straparollus planidorsatus. 
Euvomphalus rugosus, If, 160. 
Syn. Straparollus catilloides. 
Kuomphalus spergenensis, II, 159. 
Syn. Straparollus spergenensis. 
EKuomphalus springvalensis, [I, 162, 
Syn. Omphalotrochus springval- 
ensis. 
Evactinopora grandis, II, 19. 
Evactinopora radiata, II, 19. 
Evactinopora sexradiata, LI, 18. 


Favistella stellata, I, 116. 
Syn. Columnaria atellata. 
Favosites favosa, 1, 120. 
Favosites hemispheriea, I, 120. 
Fenestella banyana, II, 23. 
Fenestella cestriensis, II, 23. 
Fenestella cingulata, II, 23. 
Fenestella elevatipora, II, 25. 
Fenestella fillistriata, IT, 22. 
Fenestella flexuosa, II, 24. 
Fenestella funicula, II, 23. 
Fenestella hemitrypa, II, 23. 
Syn. Hemitrypa hemitrypa, 
Fenestella limitaris, II, 23. — 
Fenestella multispinosa, II, 23. 





INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Fenestella rudis, IL, 23. 

Fenestella serratula, II, 23. 
Fenestella shumardi, LI, 24. 
Fenestella tenax, If, 24. 
Fenestralia sancti-ludovici, LI, 30. 
Fistulipora carbonaria, [i, 16., 

’ Fistulipora clausa, [[, 17. 

Syn. Meekopora clausa. 
Fistulipora compressa, LI, 16. 
Fistulipora peculiaris, [L, 18. 

Syn. Actinotrypa peculiaris. 
Fistulipora trifolia, IL, 18. 

Syn. Prismopora trifolia. 
Flustra spatulJata, IT, 36. 

Syn. Worthenopora spatulata. 
Flustra tuberculata, IT, 15. 

Syn. Stenopora tubercuiata. 
Forbesiocrious agassizi, [, 224. 
Forbesiocrinus agassizi, var. gigan- 

teus, [, 224. 

Syn. Forbesiocrinus agassizi. 
Forbesiocrinus elegantulus, [, 223. 

Syn. Taxocrinus giddingei. 
Forbesiocrinus giddingei, I, 223. 

Syn. Taxocrinus giddingei. 
Forbesiocrinus monroensis, I, 224. 

Syn. Onychocrinus monroensis. 
Forbesiocrinus shumardianus, I[, 

224 

Syn. Taxocrinus shumardianus. 
Forbesiocrinus thiemi, I, 223. 

Syn. Taxocrious thiemi. 
Forbesiocrinus wortheni, [, 224. 
Fusulina cylindrica, [, 102. 

Fusus inhabilis, (1, 215. 
Syn. Spherodoma primogenia. 


Gampsacanthus squamosus, [i, 238. 
Gampsacanthus typus, [I, 238. 
Gaurocrinus splendens, I, 162. 

Syn. Ptychocrinus splendens. 
Geisacanthus stellatus, LI, 236. 
Genneeocrinug trijugis, I, 174. 
Gervillia auricula, [[, 114. 

Syn. Monopteria longispina. 
Gervillia longa, [I, 113. 

Syn. Avicula longa. 


251 


Gervillia longispina, II 114. 

Syn. Monopteria longispina. 
Gilberstocrinus typus, [, 164. 
Glauconome trilineata, IL, 31. 

Syn. Pinnatopora trilineata. 
Glyptocrinus fimbriatus, I, 225. 

Doubtful. 

Glyptocrinus fornshelli, I, 162. 
Glyptopora elegans, II, 21. 
Glyptopora keyserlingi, II, 22. 
Glyptopora megastoma., II, 21. 
Giyptopora michelinia, If, 22. 
Glyptopora plumoga, II, 20. 
Glyptopora sagenella, II, 21. 
Goniatites gorbyi, If. 220. 
Goniatites holmesi, II, 227. 

Doubtful. 

Goniatites minimus, IT, 221. 
Goniatites morganensis, [[, 227. 

Doubtful. 

Goniatites osagensis, IT, 221. 
Goniatites planorbiformis, II, 221. 
Goniatites politus, IL, 221. 
Gonioceras anceps, II, 220. 
Grammysia blairi, If, 1382. 

Doubtful. 

Graphiocrinus carbonarius, I, 219. 

Syn. Phialocrinus carbonarius. 
Graphocrinus dactylus, I, 213. 

Syn. Scytalocrinus dactylus. 
Granatocrinus curtus, [, 140. 
Granatocrinus melo, I, 139. 

Syn. Cryptoblastus melo. 
Granatocrinus melo, var. projectus, 

[, 139. 

Syn. Granatocrinus neglectus. 
Granatocrinus melonoides, I[, 138. 
Syn. Schizoblastus melonoides. 
Granatocrinus neglectus, I, 139. 
Granatocrinus norwoodi, I, 140. 
Granatocrinus projectus, I, 140. 

Granatocrinus sayi, I, 188. 

Syn. Schizoblastus sayi. 
Griffithides sedaliensis, 1. 235. 

Syn. Phillipsia sedaliensis. 
Gyroceras burlingtonensis, II, 221. 

Syn. Nautilus burlingtonensis. 


252 


Hadrophyllum gians, [, 116. 
Harpacodus occidentalis, [I, 231. 
Helicopora archimediformis, II, 27. 

Syn. Archimedes laxus. 
Hemipronites crassus, II, 68. 

Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. 
Hemipronites lasallensis, [1, 67. 

Syn. Streptorhynenus crenistria. 
Hemitrypa aspera, II, 25. 
Hemitrypa hemitrypa, II, 25. 
Hemitrypa nodosa, II, 25. 
HHemitrypa pateriformis, II, 26. 
Hemitrypa perstriata, II, 25. 
Hewmitrypa proutana, II, 25. 

Syn. Hemitrypa hemitrypa. 
Homacanthus gibbosus, IL, 237. 

Syn. Amacanthus gibbosus. 
Homacanthus rectus, IL, 237. 

Syn. Marracanthus rectus. 
Homotrypa arbuscula, II, 13. 
Hydreionocrinus acanthophorus, I, 

215. 
Hydreionocrinus microspinus, I, 

216. 
Hydreionocrinus pentagonus, I, 215, 
Hydreionocrinus verrucosus, [, 217. 
Syn. Eupachycrinus verrucosus. 


Igoceras capulus, II, 183. 
Igoceras fissurella, I1, 186. 
Igoceras pabulocrinus, IL, 184. 
Igoceras pyramidatum, II, 181. 
Igoceras quincyense, II, 182. 
Iliznus graftonensis, I, 226. 
Llleenus insignis, 1, 227. 
Inachus catilloides, il, 160. 
Syn. Straparollus catilloides. 
Isocardia curta, IL, 132. 
Doubtful. 


Koninckina americana, II, 106. 
Doubtful. | 


Lambdodus calceolus, LI, 230. 
Lambdodus costatus, LI, 229. 
Lecracanthus unguiculus, II, 239. 
Lecythiocrinus adamsi, |, 208. 
Syn. Lecythiocrinus  ollicule- 
formis. 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Lecythiocrinus olliculzeformis, I, 
208. 
Leda bellistriata, If, 122. 

Syn. Nuculana bellistriata. 
Leda subscitula, II, 123. 

Syn. Yodia subscitula. 
Leioclema araneum, II, 14. 
Leioclema foliatum, II, 14. 
Leioclema gracillimum, II, 13. 
Leioclema punctatum, II, 13. 
Leperditia sublevis, [, 239. 
Leptacanthus occidentalis, II, 236. 

Syn. Ctenacanthus gracillimus. 
Leptzna alternata, I1, 70. 

Syn. Strophomena alternata. 
Leptzena filitexta, II, 67. 

Syn. Streptorhynchus filitexta. 
Leptzna mesacosta, I1, 76. 
Leptzaa planumbona, [I, 73. 

Syn. Strophomena planumbona. 
Leptzena sericea, II, 75. 

Leptzna subplanum, IJ, 67. 

Syn. Streptorhynchus subplanum 
Leptoceelia imbricata, IL, 96. 

Syn. Trematospira imbricata. 
Leptodomus granosus, If, 128. 

Syn. Allorisma granosum. 
Leptodomus topekaensis, If, 128. 

syn. Allorisma topekaensis. 
Leptopora gorbyi, [, 119. 

Syn. Cleistopora typa. 
Leptopora typa, I, 119. 

Syn. Cleistopora typa. 

Lichas boltoni, I, 226. 
Lima retifera, II, 108. 
Lingula carbonaria, II, 38. 

Syn. Lingula umbonata. 
Lingula mytiloides, IL, 38. 

Syn. Liogula umbonata. 
Lingula umbonata, IT, 38. 
Linguella lamborni, [1L, 38. 
Lisgodus curtus, II, 231. 
Lisgodus selluliformis, LI, 231. 
-‘Lithophaga pertenuis, IL, 117. 
Lithostrotion basaltiforme, I, 106, 

Syn. Lithostrotion mamiilare. 
Lithostrotion mamillare, I, 106. 
Lithostrotion proliferum, I, 106. 

Syn. Lithostrotion mamillare. 





INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 2538 


Littorina wheeleri, II, 2v0. 
Syn. Trachydomia wheeleri. 

Lituites complanata, II, 225. 

Lophophyllum calceola, [, 110. 
Syn. Zaphrentis calceola. 


Lophophyllum proliferum, I, 115. 


Loxonema inornata, II, 205, 
Syn. Bulimorpha inornata. 
Loxonema multicosta, IL, 206. 
Loxonema newberryi, [1, 212. 
Syn. Soleniscus newberryi. 

Loxonema rugosum, II, 206. 
Syn. Loxonema scitulum. 
Loxonema scitulum, IL, 206. 
Loxoaema tenuilineatum, IL, 206. 
Lyropora divergens, IL, 28. 
Lyropora quincunciali3, II, 27. 
Lyropora retrosa, IIL, 27. 
Lyropora subquadrans, II, 27. 


Maclurea magna, [I, 163. 
Maclurites magna, [I[, 163. 
Syn. Maclurea magna 
Macrochilina gracilis, IL, 211. 
Syn. Soleniscus gracilis. 
Macrochilina littonana, Lf 214. 
Syn. Sphzerodoma littonana. 


Macrochilina missouriensis, [1, 211. 


Syn. Soleniscus missouriepsis. 
Macrochilina newberryi. 
Syn. Solenizcus newberryi 
Macrochilina penguis, LI, 213. 
Syn. Spherodoma penguis. 
Macrochilus blairi, [{, 216. 
Doubtful. 
Macrochilus cooperense, [I, 210. 
Syn. Soleniscus cooperensis. 
Macrochilus inhabilis, [f, 215, 
Syn. Spzrodoma primogenia, 
Macrochilus intercalare, IL, 215. 
Syn. Sphzrodoma medialis. 
Macrochilus littonanum, [[, 214. 
Syn. Sphzrodoma littonana. 
Macrochilus mediale, IL, 215. 
Svn. Spherodoma medialis. 


Macrochilus missouriensis, II, 211. 


Syn. Soleniscus missouriensis. 
Macrochilus newberryi, II, 212. 
Syn. Soleniscus newberryi. 


Macrochilus paludinzformis, II,211. 

Syn. Soleniscus paludinzformis. 
Macrochilus pengue, [I, 213. 

Syn, Sphzrodoma penguis. 
Macrochilus primogenium, II, 215. 
Syn. Sphzrodoma primogenia. 
Macrochilus ponderosum, LUI, 213. 

Syn. Sphzrodoma ponderosa. 
Macrochilus pulchellum, I[1, 215. 

Syn. Sphzrodoma medialis. 
Macrochilus spiratus, II, 215. 

Syn. Sphzerodoma medialis. 
Macrochilis texanum, [I, 213. 

Syn. Sphzrodoma ponderosa. 
Macrochilus ventricosum, II, 212. 

Syn. Soleniscus brevis. 
Macrodon micronema, [I, 132. 

Doubtful. 

Macrodon obsoletus, If, 120. 
Macrodon sangamonensis, [I, 121. 
Macrodon tenuistriatus, [1, 120. 
Marracanthus rectus, IL, 237. 
Martinia planconvexua, II, 85. 

Syn. Spirifera planoconvexus. 
Meekella striatcostata, II, 68. 
Meekopora approximata, II, 16. 
Meekopora clausa, II, 17. 
Megistocrinus brevicornis, I, 165. 
Megistocrinus evansi, I, 165. 
Megistocrinus parvirostris, L, 165. 

Syn. Megistocrinus evansi. 
Megistocrinus plenus, I, 165. 

Syn. Megistocrinus evansi. 
Megistocrinus whitei, I, 164. 

Syn. Periechocrinus whitei. 
Melonites crassus, [, 125. 
Melonites dane, IL, 126. 

Syn. Oligoporus dane. 
Melonites irregularis, L, 123. 

Syn. Melonites multipora. 
Melonites multipora, [, 125. 


‘Merista leevis, LL, 104. 


Syn. Meristella levis. 
Meristella levis, If, 104. 
Metablastus bipyramidalis, I, 137. 
Metablastus lineatus, I. 136. 
Metablastus wortheni, I, 137. 
Metaceras sangamonense, II, 225. 
Metacoceras cavatiforme, II, 224. 


254 


Metoptoma umbella, IL, 183. 
Syn. [goceras capulus. 
Michelinia placenta, [, 119. 
Syn. Cleistopora placenta. 
Microcyclus blairi, 1, 117. 
Missouricrinus dmonitus, [, 225. 
Doubtful. 
Monopteria gibbosa, II, 114. 
Monopteria longspina, II, 114. 
Monotis gregaria, II, 114. 
Murchisonia bellicincta, [I, 145. 
Syn. Murchisonia major. 
Murchisonia bicincta, [I, 145. 
Syn. Murchisonia carinifera. 
Murchisonia carinifera, [L, 145. 
Murchisonia gracilis, LI, 146. 
Murchisonia major, [I, 145. 
Murcbisonia melaniaformis, LI, 145. 
Murchisonia milleri, [[, 145. 
Syn. Murchisonia, carinifera. 
Murchisonia mimima, [I, 202. 
Syn. Aclisina minuta. . 
Murchisonia ozarkensis, IL, 216. 
Doubtful. 
Murchisonia terebra, II, 146. 
Myalina angulata, II, 118. 
Myalina kansasensis, LI, 117. 
Myalina keokuk, II, 117. 
Myalina perattenuata, II, 118. 
Myalina recurvirostris, II, 117. 
-Myalina sancti-ludovoci, [I, 117. 
Myalina subquadrata, II, 118. 
Myalina swallowi, If, 119. 


Natica altonensis, II, 199. 

Syn. Naticopsis ventricosa. 
Natica carleyana, II, 196. 

Syn. Strophostylus carleyana. 
Natica littonana, IL, 214. 

Syn. Spheerodoma littonana. 
Natica shumardi, IL, 199. 

Syn. Naticopsis ventricosa. 
Natica ventrica, [1, 199. 

Syn. Naticopsis ventricosa. 
Naticopsis altonensis, var. gigan- 

tea, [(, 199. . 

Syn. Naticopsis ventricosa. 
Natieopsis carleyana, LI, 196. 

Syn. Strophostylus carleyana. 


INDEXICGAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


_ Naticopsis hollidayi, [f, 201. 


Syn. Trachydomia nodosum. 
Naticopsis littonana, II, 214. 

Syn. Spherodoma littonana. 
Naticopsis littonana, var. genevi- 

ensis, LI, 214. 

Syn. Spherodoma littonana. 
Naticopsis magister, IL, 199. 

Syn. Naticopsis ventricoga. 
Naticopsis monilifera, II, 144. 

Syn. Pleurotomaria monilifera. 
Naticopsis nana, IT, 196. 

Syn. Strophostylus nana. 
Naticopsis nodosa, II, 201. 

Syn. l'rachydomia nodosum, 
Naticopsis nodosa, var. hollidayi, 

LL) 20) 

Syn. Trachydomia nodosum. 
Naticopsis pricei, If, 199. 

Syn. Naticopsis ventricosa. 
Naticopsis remex, IIL, 197. 

Syn. Strophostylus remex. 
Naticopsis ventricosa, [I, 199. 
Naticopsis wheeleri, LI, 200. 

Syn. Trachydomia wheeleri. 
Nautilus biserialis, II, 224. 

Syn. Nautilus occidentalis. 
Nautilus burlingtonensis, [1, 221. 
Nautilus capax, II, 227. 

Doubdtful. 

Nautilus digonus, IIL, 222. 
Nautilus forbesianus, II, 223. 
Nautilus gilipini, II, 227. 

Doubtful, 

Nautilus lawsi, II, 228. 

Doubtful. 

Nautilus missourienses, II, 224. 
Nautilus nodocarinatus, IL, 224. 

Syn. Nautilus occidentalis. 
Nautilus occidentalis, [I, 224. 
Nautilus peramplus, II, 222. 

‘Syn Nautilus spectabilis. 
Nautilus ponderosus, II, 222. 
Nautilus quadrangularis, LI, 224. 

Syn. Nautilus occidentalis. 
Nautilus sangamonensis, II, 225. 

Syn. Metaceras sangamonense. 
Nautilus spectabilis, IL, 222. 
Nautilus winslowi, II, 223. 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Nucleospira pisiformis, Il, 94. 
Nucula kazanensis, II, 122. 
Syn. Nuculana bellistriata. 
Nucula parva, II, 121. 
Nucula ventricosa, If, 121. 
Nuculana bellistriata, il, 122. 


Oligoporus dane, i, 126. 
Oligoporus mutatus, I, 126. 
Oligoporus parvua, L, 127. 
Ollacrinus typus, I, 164 

syn. Gilberstocrinus typus. 
Omphalotrochus springvalensis, II, 

ioe 
Onychaster asper, [, 131. 
Onychocrinus monroensis, I, 224. 
Ophileta compacta, II, 162. 
Oracanthus consimilis, IL, 238. 

Syn. Oracanthus vetustus. 
Oracanthus vestustus, II, 238. 
Orbicula nitida, II, 39. 

Syn. Discina nitida. 
Orophocrinus campanulatus, I, 142. 
Orophocrinus stelliformis, I, 141. 
Orophocrinus stelliformis, var. 

campanulatus, I, 142. 

Syn. Orthis campanulatus. 
Orthis acutilirata, Il, 66. 

Syn. Platystrophia acutilirata. 
Orthis burlingtonensis, LI, 63. 
Orthis carbonaria, II, 64. 

Syn. Orthis pecosii. 

Orthis clarkensis, II, 63. 
Syn. Orthis swallowi. 
Orthis cooperensis, IT, 64. 

Syn. Orthis dubia. 
Orthis crenistria, II, 68. 

Syn. Streptorhbynchus crenistria. 

Orthis dubia, II, 64. 
Orthis emacerata, II, 58. 
Orthis fissicosta, II, 57. 
Orthis iowensis, II, 62. 
Orthis keokuk, IT, 63. 

Orthis lasallensis, II, 67. 

Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. 
Orthis lynx, II, 64. 

Syn. Platystropbia lynx. 

Orthis michelina var. burlington- 
ensis, II, 63. 
Syn. Orthis burlingtonensis. 


255 


Orthis missouriensis, II, 63. 
Syn. Orthis burlingtonensis. 
Orthis occidentalis, [I, 57. 
Orthis pecosii, I!, 64. 
Orthis pratteni, II, 106. 
Doubtful. 
Orthis richmonda, II, 68. 
Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. 
Orthis striatocostata, il, 69. 
Syn. Meekella striatocostata. 
Orthis subcarinata, II, 62. 


. Orthis subquadrata, II, 60. 


Orthis swallowi, If, 63. 
Orthis thiemei, II, 63. 

Syn. Orthis burlingtonensis. 
Orthis tricenaria, II, 60. 

Orthisina crassa, II, 67. 

Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. 
Orthisina missouriensis, II, 68. 

Syn. Meekella striatocostata. 
Orthisina occidentalis, iI, 69. 

Syn. Meekella striatocostata. 
Orthisina robusta, LI, 67. . 

Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. 
Orthisina shumardiana, [I, 68, 

Syn. Meekella striatocostata. 
Orthoceras arcuoliratum, II, 227. 
Orthoceras chemungense, IIL, 228. 

Doubtful. 
Orthoceras chesterense, II, 225. 
Orthocerss chouteauense, II, 225. 
Orthoceras colletti, LI, 226. 

Syn. Orthoceras occidentale. 
Orthoceras harii, I1, 226. 

Syn. Orthoceras rushense. 
Orthoceras jolietense, LI, 227. 
Orthoceras medullare, Il, 227. 
Orthoceras occidentale, II, 226. 
Orthoceras ozarkensis, II, 226. 
Orthoceras rushense, [I, 226. 
Orthoceras striwlineatum, Il, 227. 

Syn. Orthoceras medullare. 
Orthonychia acutirostre, LI, 190. 
Orthonychia boonvillense, I, 189. 
Orthonychia chesterense, II, 191. 
Orthonychia cyrtolites, II, 188.° 
Orthonychia formosun, [I, 189. 
Orthonychia spirale, IT, 188. 
Ortbopleurodus carbonarius, [I, 234. 


256 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Palceacis compressa, I, 119. 

Syn. Palzacis obtusa. 

Palzeacis enormis, I, 118. 
Paradoxides boltoni, I, 226. 

Syn. Lichas boltoni. 
Parisocrinus intermedius, [, 207. 
Pecten aviculatus, II. 109. 

Syn. Entolium aviculatum, 
Pecten broadheadi, LI, 110. 

Syn. Aviculopecten carboniferus. 
Pecten carboniferus, II, 111. 

Syn. Avyiculopecten carboniferus. 
Pecten cleavelandicus, LI, 110. 

Syn. Aviculopecten occidentalis. 
Pecten hawni, II, 110. 

Syn. Aviculopecten carboniferus. 
Pecten missouriensis, II, 110. 


Syn. Aviculopecten missouriensis. 


Pecten neglectus, II, 115. 

Syn. Knehondria neglecta. 
Pecten occidentalis, If, 110. 

Syr. Aviculopecten occidentalis. 
Peltodus quadratus, II, 232. 
Pentamerus salinensis, II, 104. 
Pentatrematites sulcatus, I, 135. 

Syn. Pentremites sulcatus. 
Pentremites bipyramidalis, [, 137. 

Syn. Metablastus bipyramidalis. 
Pentremites conoideus, I, 134. 
Pentremites curtus, I, 140. 

Syn. Granatocrinus curtus. 
Pentremites elongatus, I, 133. 
Pentremites godoni, I, 136. 
Pentremites koninckanusg, I, 135. 
Pentremites lineatus, I, 136. 

Syn. Metablastus lineatus. 
Pentremites melo, I, 139. 

Syn. Cryptoblastus melo. 
Pentremites missouriensis, I, 135. 

Syn. Pentremites sulcatus. 
Pentremites norwoodi, I, 140. 

Syn. Granatocrinus norwoodi. 
Pentremites obesus, I, 135. 
Pentremites potteri, I, 138. 

Syn. Schizoblastus sayi. 
Pentremites roemeri, I, 137. 

Syn. Schizoblastus roemeri. 
Pentremites sampsoni, I, 137. 

Syn. Schizoblastus roemeri. 


Pentremites sayi, I, 138. 

Syn. Schizoblastus sayi. 
Pentremites stelliformis, I, 141. 

Syn. Orophocrinus stelliformis. 
Pentremites sulcatus, I, 135. 
Pentremites symmetricus, I, 135. 

Syn. Pentremites pyriformis. 
Pentremites varsaviensis, I, 137. 

Syn. Metablastus wortheni. 
Pentremites wortheni, [, 137. 

Syn. Metablastus wortheni. 
Periechocrinus whitei, I, 164. 
Pernopecten sedaliensis, LIL, 182. 

Doubtful. 
Petalorhynchus distortus, II, 232. 
Petalorhynchus pseudosagitatus, 
II, 232. 
Phaceopora pertenuis, [1], 13. 
Phethonides immaturus, I, 238. 

Syn. Phillipsia immaturus. 
Phethonides sedaliensis, I, 235. 

Syn. Phillipsia sedaliensis. 
Phanerotinus paradoxus, II, 164. 
Phialocrinus barydactylus, I, 220. 
Phialocrinus basiliscus, I, 220. 
Phialocrinus carbonarius, i, 219. 
Phialocrinus harii, I, 219. 
Phialocrinus magnificus, [, 220. 
Phialocrinus stillativus, I, 219. 
Phillipsia immaturus, 1, 238. 
Phillipsia major, I, 238. 

Phillipsia meramecensis, I, 235. 
Phillipsia missouriensis, I, 235. 
Phillipsia portlockii, I, 236, 
Phillipsia sampsoni, I, 235, 
Phillipsia sedaliensis, I, 235. 
Phillipsia shumarai, I, 233. 

Syn. Proeteus missouriensis. 
Phillipsia tuberculata, I, 235. 
Phragmoceras missouriensis, II, 220 
Physetocrinus ornatus, I, 192. 
Physetocrinus ventricosus, I, 192. 
Physonemus falcatus, If, 237. 
Pileopis pabulocrinus, II, 184. 

Syn. Igoceras pabulocrinus. 
Pinna missouriensis, II, 116. 
Pinna peracuta, II, 116. 
Pinnatopora conferta, II, 31. 
Pinnatopora trilineata, LI, 31. 


= te 
as ce 


i 


INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 257 


Pinnatopora vinei, II, 31. 
Pinnatopora youngi, LI, 31. 
Placunoposis carbonaria, II, 108. 
Platyceras acutirostre, II, 190. 
Syn. Orthony chia acutirostre. 
Platyceras biserialis, LI, 177. 
Syn. Capulus biserialis. 
Platyceras boonvillense, IT, 189. 
Syn. Orthonychia boonvillense. 
Platyceras capulus, LI, 183. 
Syn. Igoceras capulus. 
Platyceras chesterense, II, 191. 
Syn. Orthonychia chesterense. 
Platyceras cyrtolites, II, 188. 
Syn. Orthonychia cyrtolites. 
Platyceras equilatera, II, 178. 
Syn. Capulus equilateralis. 
Platyceras extinctor, II, 184. 
Syn Igoceras pabulocrinus. 
Platyceras fissurella, II, 186. 
Syn. Igoceras fissurella. 
Platyceras formosum, II, 189. 
Syn. Orthonychia formosum. 
Platyceras haliotoides, LI, 174. 
Syn. Capulus haliotoides. 
Platyceras infundibulum, II, 184. 
Syn. Igoceras pabulocrinus. 
Platyceras levigatum, II, i180. 
Syn. Capulus ovalis. 
Platyceras latum, II, 176. 
Syn. Capulus latus. 
Platyceras missouriensis, II, 182. 
Syn. Igoceras quincyense. 
Platyceras nasutum, II, 175. 
Syn. Capulus paralius. 
Platyceras nebrascense, II, 180. 
Syn. Capulus parvus. 
Platyceras obliquum, II, 177. 
Syn. Capulus obliquus. 
Platyceras paralium, II, 174. 
Syn. Capulus paralius. 
_Platyceras pettiense, [1, 182. 
Syn. Igoceras quincyense. 
Platyceras pyramidatum, II, 181. 
Syn. Igoceras pyramidatum. 
Platyceras quinecyense, II, 182. 
Syn. Igoceras quincyense. 
Platyceras reversum, II, 195. 
Syn. Strophostylus reversus. 


G—20 


Platyceras spirale, Il, 188. 
Syn. Orthonychia spirale. 
Platyceras subrectum, Ii, 184. 
Syn. Igoceras pabulocrinus. 
Platyceras subsinuosum, II, 173. 
Syn. capulus subsinuosus. 
Platyceras subundatun, II, 173. 
Syn. Capulus subsinuosus. 
Platy ceras tribulosum, II, 175. 
Syn. Capulus tribulosus. 
Platyceras uncum, II, 190. 
Syn. Orthonychia acutirostre. 
Platycrinus acclivus, I, 198. 
Syn. Platycrinus planus. 
Platycrinus absentivus, I, 196. 
Platycrinus squalis, I, 200. 
Platycrinus equiternus, I, 196. 
Platycrinus zternalis, I, 201. 
Syn. Platycrinus bonoensis. 
Platycrinus allophylus, I 196. 
Platycrinus amabilis, [, 199. 
Syn. Platycrinus americanus. 
Platyecrinus americanus, [, 199. 
Platycrinus annosus, I, 196. 
Platycrinus batiola, I, 200. 
Syn. Platycrinus zqualis. 
Platycrinus blairi, I, 225. 
Doubtful. 
Platycrinus bonoensis, I, 201. 
Platycrinus boonvillensis, [, 202. 
Platycrinus brittsi, [, 195. 
Platycrinus broadheadi, I, 195. 
Syn. Platycrinus americanus. 
Platycrinus burlingtonensis, [, 200, 
Platycrinus carchesium, I, 198. 
Syn. Platycrinus pileiformis. 
Platycrinus cavus, I, 197. 
Syn. Platycrinus discoideus. 
Platycrinus chouteauensis, I, 225. 
Doubtful. 
Platycrinus colletti, I, 225. 
Doubtful. 
Platycrinus concinnus, I, 225. 
Doubtful. 
Platycrinus discoideus, I, 197. 
Platycrinus excavatus, I, 197. 
Syn. Platycrinus discoideus. 
Platycrinus exsertus, I, 200. 
Syn. Platycrinus burlingtonensis 


rA535 Fu INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Platycrinus gorbyi, I, 187. 

Svn. Platycrinus discoideus. 
Platycrinus halli, I, 201. 
Platycrinus inornatus, [, 200. 

Syn. Platyerinus burlingtonensis 
Platycrinus lautus, 1, 200. 
Platycrinus multibrachiatus, I,197. 

Syn. Platycrinus discoideus. 
Platycrinus occidentalis, [, 197. 

Syn. Platycrinus subspinosus. 
Platycrinus ollicula, I, 195. 
Platycrinus pentagonus, I, 225. 

Doubtful. 

Platycrinus pileiformis, [, 198. 
Platycrinus planus, I, 198. 
Platycrinus pleuroviminus, I, 202. 
Platyecrinus prenuntius, I, 198. 
Platycrinus pratteni, I, 198. 
Platycrinus pulchellus, i, 197. 

Syn. Platycrinus discoideus. 
Platycrinus rotundus, I, 200. 

Syn. Platyecrinus sculptus. 
Platycrinus saffordi, I, 202. 
Platycrinus sampsoni, I, 199. 
Platyerinus sare, I, 202. 
Platycrinus sculptus. I, 200. 
Platycrinus subspinosus, 1, 197. 
Platycrinus sulcatus, [, 198. 

Syn. Platycrinus prenuntias. 
Platycrinus truncatus, [, 199. 

Syn. Platycrinus americanus. 
Platynatus boltoni, I, 226. 

Syn. Lichas boltoni. 
Platyostoma broadheadi, II, 174. 

Syn. Capulus haliotoides. 
Platyostoma nana, II, 196. 

Syn. Strophostylus nana. 
Platyostoma peoriense, IIL, 197. 

Syn. Strophostylus peoriensis. 
Platystropbia acutilirata, II, 66. 
Platystrophia lynx, II, 64. 
Plectambonites rhomboidalis, [1,70. 
Pleurophorous oblongus, II, 125. 
Pleurophorous pallasi, If, 125. 

Syn. Pleurophorus oblongus. 
Pleurotomaria bicarinata, LI, 135. 

Syn. Pleurotomaria turbinifor- 

mis. 
Pleurotomaria bilix, II, 154. 

Syn. Cyclomena billx. 


Pleurotomaria brazoensis, [I, 143. 
Pleurotomaria broadheadi, II, 144. 
Pleurotomaria coniformis, II, 138. 
Pleurotomaria conoides, If, 138. 

Syn. Pleurotomaria coniformis. 
Pleurotomaria coronula, II, 141. 

Syn. Pleurotomaria spherulata. 
Pleurotomaria coxana, II, 136. 
Pleurotomaria depressa, II, 139. 

Syn. Pleurotomaria illinoisensis. 
Pleurotomaria grayvillensis, LI, 141. 
Pleurotomaria harii, IL, 138. 

Syn. Pleurotomaria carbonaria. 
Pleurotomaria illinoisensis, I1, 139. 
Pleurotomaria kentuckensis, II, 139 

Syn. Pleurotomaria illinoisensis. 
Pleurotomaria lenticularis, IL, 163. 

Syn. Raphistoma lenticularis. 
Pleurotomaria lens, II, 134. 
Pleurotomaria missouriensis, II, 136 
Pleurotomaria modesta, II, 139. 

Syn. Pieurotomaria illinoisensis. 
Pleurotomaria monilifera, II, 144. 
Pleurotomaria montezuma, II, 134. 
Pleurotomaria perhumeroga, II, 140 
Pleurotomaria sedaliensis, II, 134. 
Pleurotomaria speciosa, II, 137. 
Pleurotomaria spherulata, LI, 141. 
Pleurotomaria subcarbonaria, II, 

135. 
Pleurotomaria subscalaris, II, 136. 
Pleurotomaria tabulata, I1, 142. 
Pleurotomaria turbiniformis, II, 
185. 

Pleurotomaria umbilicata, IT, 155. 
Syn. Trochonema umbilicata. 
Pleurotomaria valvatiformis, I, 137 

Plicatula striatocostata, II, 68. 

Syn. Meekella striatocostata. 
Plysonemus parvulus, IT, 237. 
Pecilodus sancti-ludovici, II, 235. 


Poly phemopsis bulimiformis, IT, 204. . 


Syn. Bulimorpha bulimifor mis. 
Polyphemopsis inornata, IIL, 205. 
Syn. Bulimorpha inornata. 
Polyphemopsis peracuta, II, 205. 
Syn. Fulima peracuta. 
Polypora biseriata, II, 29. 
Polypora cestriensis, IL, 29. 
Polypora corticosa, II, 30. 


* 





INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Polypora gracilis, II, 28. 
Polypora halliana, II, 28. 
Polypora maccoyana, II, 28. 
Polypora marginata, II, 30. 
Syn. Polypora submarginata. 
Polypora radialis, IL, 29. 
Polypora retrosa, LI, 29. 
Polypora simulatrix, II, 28. 
Polypora spininodata, IL, 29. 
Polypora spinulifera, IL, 30. 
Polypora submarginata, II, 30. 
Polypora tuberculata, II, 30. 
Polypora varsoviensis, II, 29. 
Polyrhizodus amplus, IT, 232. 
Polyrhizodus littoni, II, 232. 
Polyphizodus williamsi, [1, 232. 
Porcellia nodosa, II, 154. 
Poteriocrinus agnatus, I, 211. 
Syn. Poteriocrinus brittsi. 
Poteriocrinus brittsi, I, 211. 
Poteriocrinus carbonarius, I, 219. 
Syn. Phialocrinus carbonarius. 
Poteriocrinus enormis, I, 208. 
Syn. Cyathocrinus enormis. 
Poteriocrinus hemisphericus, I, 
220. 
Syn. Ceriocrinus hemisphericus. 
Poteriocrinus longidactylus, I, 211. 
Syn. Scaphiocrinus missouriensis 
Poteriocrinus maniformis, I, 217. 
Syn. Eupachycrinus maniformis. 
Poteriocrinus meekianus, [, 211. 
Syn. Barycrinus meekianus. 
Poteriocrinus missouriensis, I, 211. 
Syn. Scaphiocrinus missourien- 
sis. 
Poteriocrinus proboscidialis, I, 212. 
Syn. Seaphiocrinus proboscidi- 
alis. 
Poteriocrinus rhombiferus, I, 210. 
Syn. Barycrinus rhombiferus. 
Poteriocrinus rugosus, I, 225. 
Doubtful. 
Poteriocrinus rusticellus, I, 212. 
Syn. Scaphiocrinus rusticellus, 
Poteriocrinus vanhornei, [, 213. 
Syn. Scyalocrinus vanhornei. 
Prismopora trifolia, II, 18. 
Producta costata, II, 51. 
Syn. Productus costatus. 


259 


Producta incurvata, II, 67. 

Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. 
Productella pyxidata, II, 52. 
Productella subalata, II, 52. 
Productus zquicostatus, II, 47. 

Syn. Productus cora. 

Productus altonensis, IL, 43. 
Productus americanus, II, 44. 
Productus arcuatus, II, 40. 
Productus asper, II, 48. 

Syn. Productus nebrascensis. 
Productus biseriatus, II, 43. 
Productus blairi, [1, 106. 

Doubtful. 

Productus burlingtonensis, II, 41. 
Productus calhounianus, II, 50. 

Syn. Productus semireticulatus. 
Productus callawayensis, IL, 106. 

Doubtful. 

Productus cestriensis, II, 44. 
Productus cooperensis, II, 40. 

‘Syn. Productus acuatus. 
Productus cora, II, 47. 

Productus corzeformis, II, 41. 

Syn. Productus levicostus. 
Productus costatoides, II, 45. 

Syn. Prouductus longispinus. 
Productus costatus, II, 51. 
Productus elegans, II, 44. 

Syn. Productus cestriensis. 
Productus flemingi, II, 47, 
Productus flemingi, var. burling- 

tonensis, II, 41. 

Syn. Productus burlingtonensis. 
Productus gradatus, II, 43. 

Syn. Productus vittatus. 
Productus hildrethianus, II, 47. 

Syn. Productus cora. 

Productus horridus, II, 45. 

Syn. Productus longispinus. 
Productus koninckianus II, 47. 

Syn. Productus cora. 

Productus pevicostus, LI, 41. 
Productus longispinus, IL, 45. 
Productus magnicostatus, II, 40. 

Spn. Productus semireticulatus. 
Productus magnus II, 41. 
Productus marginicintus, II, 43. 
Productus mesialis, If, 41. 

Syn. Productus burlingtonensis. 


260 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Productus muricatus, IL, 45. 

Syo. Productus longispinus. 
Productus nebrascensis, II, 48. 
Productus norwoodi, II, 48. 

Syn. Productus nebrascensis. 
Productus orbignyanus, II, 45. 

Syn. Productus longispinus. 
Productus ovatus, II, 44. 
Productus parvus, LI, 44. 

Syn. Productus cestriensis. 
Productus pentonensis, II, 41. 

Syn. Productus magnus. 
Productus portlockianus, II, 51. 

Syn. Productus costatus. 
Productus prattenianus, II, 47. 

Syn. Productus cora. 
Productus punctatus, If, 51. 
Productus pyxidatus, [I, 52. 

Syn. Productella pyxidata. 
Productus rogersi, Il, 48. 

Syn. Productus nebrascensis. 
Productus semireticulatus, [I, 50. 
Productus semireticulatus, II, 47. 

Syn. Productus cora. 
Productus semipunctatus, II, 51. 

Syn. Productus punctatus. 
Productus shumardianus, IT, 52. 

Syn. Productella pyxidata. 
Productus splendens, IL, 45. 

Syn. Productus longispinus. 
Productussymmetricus, [L, 48. 
Productus tenuicostus, IIL, 44. 
Productus tubulospinus, [[, 51. 

Syn. Productus punctatus. 
Productus vittatus, II, 43. 
Productus wabashensis, [I, 45. 

Syn. Productus longispinus. 
Productus wilberanus, II, 48. 

Syn. Productus nebrascensis. 
Productus wortheni, II, 43. 

Syn. Productus marginicinctus. 
Proetus auriculatus, I, 233. 

Syn. Proteus missouriensis. 
Proeteus missouriensis, I, 233. 

Syn. Ptychoporia conica. 
Proteus shumardi, [, 233. 

Syn. Proeteus missouriensis. 
Proteus swallovi, J, 234. 
Proutella discoidea, II, 37. 


Psammodus rhomboideus, II, 234. 

‘Syn. Sandalodus Jevissimus. 
Psammodus plenus, IIL, 235. 
Psammodus semi-cylindricus, I ,234 
Psephodus latus, IL, 232. 
Pterotocrinus chesterensis, I, 206. 
Ptilopora acuta, II, 31. 
Ptilopora cylindracea, II, 32. 
Ptilopora prouti, II, 32. 
Ptilopora valida, II, 32. 
Ptychocrinus splendens, I, I62. 
Ptychoporia conica, 1, 233. 
Pterinea gibbosa, II, 114. 

Syn. Monopteria gibbosa. 
Pterinea longispina, IJ, 114. 

Syn. Monopteria longispina. 


Raphistoma lenticularis, II, 163. 
Raphistoma subplana, II, 163. 
Receptaculites oweni, [, 103. 
Retzia mormoni, II, 95. 
Retzia osagensis, II, 94. 
Retzia popenana, II, 106. 
Doubtful. 
Retzia punctilifera, II, 95. 
Syn. Retzia mormoni. 
Retzia subglobosa, IL, 95. 
Syn. Retzia mormoni. 
Retzia vera, II, 95. 
Retzia vera, var. costata, II, 95. 
Rhodocrinus coxanus, I, 163. 
Rhodocrinus parvus, I[, 163. 
Syn. Rhodocrinus coxanus. 
Rhodocrinus polydactylus, I, 163. 
Syn. Rhodocrinus coxanus. 
Rhodocrinus wachsmuthi, I, 163. 
Rhodocrinus whitei, I, 163. 
Rhodocrinus wortheni, I, 162. 
Rhombopora attenuata, ITI, 34. 
Rhombopora crassa, II, 34. 
Rhombopora dichotoma, II, 33. 
Rhombopora lepidodendroides, II, 
35. 
Rhombopora tabulata, [I, 34. 
Rhombopora tenuirama, IT, 34. 
Rhombopora transversalis, Il, 34. 
Rhombopora varians, II, 33. 
Rhynchonella arctirostrata, II. 102. 
Syn. Rhynconella subcuneata. 





INDEXIOCAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Rhynchonella angulata, II, 76. 
Syn. Syntrilasma hemiplicata. 
Rhynchonella boonensis, II, 101. 
Rhynchonella capax, LI, 99. 
Rhynchonella cooperensis, If, 101. 
Rhynchonella dentata, [I, 100, 


Rhynchonella missouriensis, II, 100. 


Rhynchonella mutata, II, 103. 
Rhynchonella osagensis, [I, 103. 
Syn. Khynchonella uta. 
Rhynchonella ottumwa, IT, 103. 
Rhynchonella parvini, [[, 102. 
Syn. Rhynchonella subtrigona. 
Rhynchonella perrostellata, Ii, 106. 
Doubtful. 
Rhynchonella ringeus, [I, 102. 
Rhychonella subcuneata, [I, 102. 
Rbhynchonella subtrigona, II, 102. 
Rhynchonella uta, II, 103. 
Rhynchonella warrenensis, 106. 
Doubtful. 


Sandalodus carbonarius, IT, 234. 

Syn. Orthopleurodus carbonarius. 
Sandalodus crassus, [[, 234. 

Syn. Sandalodus spatulatus. 
Sandalodus grandis, II, 234. 

Syn. Sandalodus leevissimus. 
Sandalodus levissimus, II, 234. 
Sandalodus spatulatus, I[, 234. 
Scaphiocrinus boonvillensis, I, 212. 
Scaphiocrinus carbonarius, I, 219. 

Syn. Phialocrinus carbonarius. 
Scaphiocrinus constrictus, [, 212. 

Syn. Scaphiocrinus boonvillensis. 


Scaphiocrinus dactyliformis, [, 211. 


Scaphiocrinus gorbyi, I, 213. 
Scaphiocrinus hemisphericus, I, 220 
Syn. Ceriocrinus hemisphericus. 
Seaphiocrinus missouriensis, I, 211. 
Scaphiocrinus orbicualris, [, 217. 
Syn. Eupachyecrinus orbicularis. 


Scaphiocrinus proboscidialis, !, 212. 


Scaphiocrinus rusticellus, I, 212. 
Scaphocrinus sampsoni, 1, 213. 
Scaphiocrinus scoparius, I, 212. 
Schizoblastus melo, I, 139. 

Syn. Cryptoblastus melo. 
Schizoblastus melonoides, I, 138. 


261 


Schizoblastus projectus, I, 140. 

Syn. Granatocrinus projectus. 
Schizoblastus roemeri, I, 137. 
Schizoblastus sampsoni, I, 137. 

Syn. Schizoblastus roemeri. 
Schizoblastus savi, I, 138, 
Schizodus curtus, I[1, 123. 
Schizodus harii, IL, 123. 
Schizodus obscurus, II, 123. 

Syn. Schizodus wheeleri. 
Schizodus rossicus, II, 124. 

Syn. Schizodus curtus. 
Schizodus wheeleri, If, 123. 
Scytalocrinus dactylus, i, 213. 
Scytalocrinus maniformis, I, 217. 

Syn. Eupachycrinus maniformis. 
Scytalocrinus vanhornei, I[, 213. 
Septopora biserialis, LI, 32. 
Septopora cestriensis, Il, 32. 
Serpula planorbites, II, 160. 

Syn. Straparollus catilloides. 
Solen missouriensis, II, 132. 

Doubtful. 

Soleniscus brevis, II, 212. 
Soleniscus cooperensis, II, 210. 
Solenisecus fusiformis, LI, 213. 

Syn. Soleniscus newberryi. 
Soleniscus gracilis, II, 211. 
Soleniscus medialis, I1, 215. 

Syn. Sphzrodoma medialis. 
Soleniscus missouriensis, II, 211. 
Soleniscus newberryi, If, 212. 
Soleniscus paludinzformis, II, 211. 
Soleniscus planus, IL, 212. 

Syn. Soleniscus newberryi. 
Soleniscus ponderosus, [[, 213. 

Syn. Spherodoma ponderosa. 
Soleniscus primogenius, II, 215, 

Syn. Sphzrodoma primogenia. 
Soleniscus texanus, II, 213. 

Syn. Sphzrodoma ponderosa. 
Solenocaris sancti-ludovici, I, 239. 
Solenochilus blairi, {I, 221. 

Syn. Nautilus burlingtonensis. 
Solenopsis solenoides, Ll, 130. 
Spheerodoma littonana, II, 214. 
Spherodoma medialis, [I, 215. 
Sphzrodoma penguis, [I, 213. 
Sphzrodoma ponderosa, II, 213. 


262 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Spherodoma primogenia, II, 215. 
Spirifer amarus, II, 106. 
Doubtful. 
Spirifer anne, IT, 106. 
Doubtful. 
Spirifer boonensis, II, 84. 
Syn. Spirifera rockymontana. 
Spirifer cameratus, var. kansasen- 
sis. II, 83. 
Syn. Spirifera camerata. 
Spirifer cameratus, var. percras- 
sus, IT, 83. 
Syn. Spirifera camerata. 
Spirifer capax, II, 77. 
Syn. Spirifera parryana. 
Spirifer carteri, II, 87. 
Syn. Syringotayris carteri. 
Spirifer clarus, II, 106. 
Doubtful. 
Spirifer cuspidatiformis, [I, 89. 
Syn. Syringothyris texta. 
Spirifer biforatus, [1, 64. 
Syn. Platystrophia lynx. 
Spirifer euruteines, II, 77. 
Syn. Spirifera parryana. 
Spirifer extenuatus, II, 86. 
Syn. Syringothytri extenuata. 
Spirifer fasciger, II, 83. 
Syn. Spirifera, camerata. 
Spirifer glaber, var. contractus, II, 
83. 
Syn. Spirifera contracta. 
Spirifer hannibalensis, [I, 87. 
Syn. Syringothyris carteri. 
Spirifer hemiplicatus, IL, 76. 
Syn. Syntrilasma hemiplicata. 
Spirifer increbescens, var. ameri- 
canus, IL, 82. 
Syn. Spirifera increbescens. 
Spirifer kentuckensis, var. propa- 
tulus, IL, 96. 
Syn. Spiriferina kentuckensis. 
Spirifer keokuk, var shelbyensis, 
IT, 81. 
Syn. Spirifera keokuk. 
Spirifer levigatus, LI, 81. 
Syn. Spirifera logani. 


Spirifer laminosus, I[, 86. 

Syn. Spiriferina kentuckensis. 

Spirifer latior, II, 106. | 
Doubtful. 

Spirifer lineatus, var. striato-linea- 
tus, II, 84. 

Syn. Spirifera perplexa. 
Spirifer littoni, I[, 81. 

Syn. Spirifer keokuk. 

Spirifer lynx, II, 64. 

Syn. Platystrophia lynx. 

Spirifer meeki, II, 106. 
Doubtful. 
Spirifer meusebachanus, il, 83. 

Syn. Spirifera camerata. 
Spirifer missouriensis, II, 78. , 

Syn. Spirifera marionensis. 
Spirifer octoplicatus, II, 86. 

Syn. Spiriferina kentuckensis. 
Spirifer opimus, [I, 84. 

Syn. Spirifera rockymontana. 
Spirifer osagensis, II, 78. 

Syn. Spirifera marionensis. 
Spirifer ozarkensis, II, 78. 

Syn. Spirifera marionensis. 
Spirifera parryana, II, 77. 
Spirifer perextensus, LI, 77. 

Syn. Spirifer ligus. 

Spirifer permatus, LI, 77. 

Syn. Spirifera ligus. 
Spirifer plenus, II, 88. 

Syn. Syringothyris plena. 
Spirifer propinquus, II, 88. 

Syn. Syringothyris texta. 
Spirifer spinosus, II, 85. 

Syn. Spiriferina spinosa. 
Spirifer subcuspidatus, IL, 88. 

Syn. Syringothyris texta. 
Spirifer subventricosug, II, 84. 

Syn. Spirifera rockymontana. 
Spirifer textus, II, 88. 

Syn. Syringothyris texta. 
Spirifer translatus, LI, 83. 

Syn. Spirifera setigera. 
Spirifer triplicatus, II, 83. 

Syu. Spirifera camerata. 





INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Spirifer vernonensis, [I, 78. 

Syn. Spirifera marionensis. 
Spirifera atwaterana, II, 77. 

Syn. Spirifer ligus. 

Spirifera camerata, I1, 83. 
Spirifera contracta, LI, 83. 
Spirifera cooperensis, II, 78. 
Spirifera crenistria, II, 67. 

Syn. Streptorhynchus crenistria. 
Spirifera forbesi, I1, 80. 
Spirifera grimesi, I1, 79 
Spirifera imbrex, II, 80 
Spirifera increbescens, II, 82. 
Spirifera kelloggi, LI, 81. 
Spirifera keokuk, II. 81. 
Spirifera leidyi, II, 82. 

Spirifera leidyi, var. chesterensis, 
IT, 82. 

Spirifera leidyi, var. merimacensis, 
II, 82. - 

Spirifera ligus, If, 77. 

Spirifera lineatoides, II, 80. 

Spirifera lineatus, II, 84. 

Syn. Spirifera perplexa. 
Spirifera logani, I[, 81. 
Spirifera marionensis, Il, 78. 
Spirifera peculiaris, II, 79. 
Spirifera perplexa, II, 84. 
Spirifera planoconvexus, II, 85. 
Spirifera pseudolineata, II, 82. 
Spirifera rockymontana, LI, 84. 
Spirifera setigera, II, 83. 
Spirifera subrotundata, II, 78. 
Spirifera taneyensis, ILI, 78. 
Spiriferina clarksvillensis, II, 85. 
Spiriferina kentuckensis, LI, 86. 
Spiriferina spinosa, I1, 85. 
Spirigera americana, II, 92. 

Syn. Athyris sublamellosa. 
Spirigera caput-serpentis, 93. 

Syn. Athyris argentea. 
Spirigera charitonensis, II, 93. 

Syn. Athyris argentea. 
Spirigera clintonensis, II, 92. 

Syn. Athyris subquadrata. 
Spirigera euzona, LI, 91. 

Syn. Athyris formosa. 


263 


Spirigera rormosa, II, 91. 

Syn. Athyris formosa. 
Spirigera fultonensis, LI, 90. 

Syn. Athyris vittata. 
Spirigera hannibalensis, [I, 91. 

Syn. Athyris bannibalensis. 
Spirigera hawni, II, 93. 

Syn. Athyris argentea. 
Spirigera jacksoni, II, 106. 

Doubtful. 

Spirigera maconensis, [I, 106. 

Doubtful. 

Spirigera minima, [1, 90. 

Syn. Athyris vittata. 
Spirigera missouriensis, II, 106. 

Doubtful. 

Spirigera platensis, [I, 106. 

Doubtful. 

Spirigera proutii, II, 91. 

Syn. Athyris proutii. 
Spirigera reflexa, II, 92. 

Syn. Athyris trinuclea. 
Spirigera singletoni, II. 93. 

Syn. Atbyris argentea. 
Spirigera subtilita, II, 92. 

Syn. Athyris argentea. 
Syhenopterium enorme, I, 118. 

Syn. P-lJeacis enormis. 
Sphenopterium enorme, var. 

pressum, I, 118. 

Syn. Palzeacis enormis. 
Sphrogorpora parasitica, II, 33. 
Steganocrinus araneolus,'I, 194. 
Steganocrinus concinnus, I, 194. 
Steganocrinus pentagonus, I, 195. 
Steganocrinus sculpus, Ll, 194. 
Stenopora americana, II, 14. 
Stenopora americana, yar. varsavi- 

ensis, II, 14. 

Syn. Stenopora americana. 
Stenopora angularis, II, 15. 
Stenopora cestriensis, II, 16. 
Stenoaora emanciata, II, 15. 
Stenopora intercalaris, IL, 15. 
Stenopora intermittens, II, 15. 
Stenopora.meekana, [I, 16. 
Stenopora montifera, II, 14. 


de- 


264 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Stenopora tuberculata, II, 15. 
Stenopterodus parvulus, [T, 233. 
Stictoporella basalis, LI, 22. 
Straparollus ammon, II, 158. 
Straparollus blairi, LI, 158. 

Syn. Straparollus latus. 
Straparollus catilloides, [I, 160. 
Straparollus latus, IL, 158. 

- Straparollus lens, [i, 134. 

Syn. Pleurotomaria lens. 
Straparollus obtusus, II, 157. 
Straparollus pernodosus, I1, 161. 
Straparolius planidorsatus, Li, 160. 
Straparollus spergenensis, If, 159. 
Straparollus springvalensis, I[, 162. 

Syn. Omphalotrochus springval- 

ensis. 


Straparollus subquadratus, II, 162. . 


Straparollus subragosus, If, 160. 

Syn. Straparollus catilloides. 
Straparollus yalvatiformis, II, 157. 
Streblotrypa distincta, II, 36. 
Streblotrypa major, LI, 35. 
Streblotrypa nicklesi, II, 36. 
Streblotrypa radialis, IL, 35. 
Streptelasma corniculum, [, 117. 
Streptorhynchus crenistria, Il, 67. 
Streptorhyncbus fflitexta, II, 67. 
Streptorhynchus lens, LI, 67. 
Streptorhynchus occidentalis, II, 

69. 

Syn. Meekella striatocostata. 

Streptorhynehus pyramidalis, IT, 
68. 

Syn. Meekella striatocostata. 
Streptorhynchus subplanum, II,.67, 
Striatopora carbonaria, I, 120. 
Striatopora missouriensis, I, 121. 
Stromatopora expansa, I, 104. 
Strophalosia horrescens, II, 48. 

Syn. Productus nebrascensis. 
Strophodonta zequicostata, II, 70. 

Syn. Strophodonta demissa. 
Strophodonta altidorsata, II, 106. 

Doubtful. 

Strophodonta boonensis, [i, 74. 

Syn. Strophodonta cymbiformis. 


Strophodonta callawayensis, II, 70. 


Syn. Strophodonta demissa. 
Strophodonta cymbiformis, II, 74. 
Strophodonta demissa, LI, 70. 
Strophodonta inflexa, II, 74. 

Syn. Strophodonta cymbiformis. 
Strophodonta kemperi, II, 74. 

Syn. Strophodonta cymbiformis. 
Strophodonta navalis, II, 70. 

Syn. Strophodonta demissa. 
Strophodonta quadrata, II, 70. 

Syn. Stropbhodonta demissa. 
Strophodonta subcymbiformis, II. 

Syn. Strophodonta cymbiformis. 
Strophomena alternata, LI, 70. 
Strophomena deltoidea, ILI, 69. 
Strophomena planumbona, II, 73. 
Strophomena rhomboidalis. [[, 70. 

Syn. Plectambonites rhomboidalis 
Strophomena sericea, [[, 75. 

Syn: Leptena sericea. 
Strophostylus carleyana, II, 196. 
Strophostylus nana, II, 196. 
Strophostylus peoriensis, II, 197. 
Strophostylus remex, II, 197. 
Strophostylus reversus, II, 195. 
Strotocrious bloomfieldensis, I, 193. 

Syn. Strotocrinus regalis. 
Strotocrinus liratus, I, 191. 

Syn. Teliocrinus liratus. 
Strotecrinus regalis, I, 193. 
Strotocrinus umbrosus, I, 190. 

Syn. Teliocrinus umbrosus. 
Strotopora dermata, LI, 17. 
Strotopora faveolata, IL, 17. 
Stylifer primogenia, IL, 215. 

Syn. Sphzrodoma primogenia. 
Subulites elongatus, I1, 215. 
Symbathocrinus Diairi, I, 207. 

Syn. Symbathocrinus swallovi. 
Symbathocrinus dentatus, 1, 206. 
Symbathocrinus swallovi, I, 207. 
Symbathocrinus wortheni, [, 206. 
Synocladia biserialis, IL, 32. 

Syn. Septopora biserialis. 
Synocladia virgulacea, II, 32. 

Syn. Septopora biserialis. 








INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Syntrilasma hemiplicata, IL, 76. 
Syringopora harveyi, I, 121. 


Syringopora multattenuata, I, 122. 


Syringothyris carteri, II, 87. 
Syringothyris cuspidatus, II, 87. 

Syn. Syringothyris carteri. 
_Syringothyris extenuata, II, 86. 
Syringotbyris occidentalis, II, 86. 
Syringothyris plena, II, 88. 
Syringothyris texta, II, 88. 
Syringotbyris typa, II, 87. 

Syn. Syringothyris carteri. 


Teniodictya frondosa, II, 22. 
Teniodictva ramulosa, [I, 22. 
Talarocrinus simplex, I, 205. 
Tanodus preenuntius, II, 231. 
Tanaodus sculptus, II, 231. 
Taxocrinus giddingei, I, 223. 
Taxocrinus shnmardianus, [, 224. 
Taxocrinus thiemi, [, 223. 
Teliocrinus liratus, I, 191. 
Teliocrinus umbrosus, |, 190. 
Tentaculites incurvus, II, 217. 
Terebratula arcuata, II, 107. 
Doubtful. 
Terebratula argentea, II, 92. 
Syn. Athyris argentea. 
Terebratula bovidens, II, 105. 
Terebratula brevilobata, II, 107. 
Doubtful. 
Terebratula geniculosa, II, 105. 
Syn. Terebratula bovidens. 
Terebratula gracilis, II, 107. 
Doubtful. 
Terebratula lynx, II, 64. 
Syn. Platystrophia lynx. 
Terebratula millepunctata, II,105. 
Syn. Terebratula bovidens. 
Terebratula mormoni, II, 95. 
Syn. Retzia mormoni. 
Terebratula parva, IL, 105. 
Terebratularowleyi, Il 105. 
Terebratula subtilita, IL, 92. 
Syn. Athyris argentea. 
‘Terebratula trinuclea, [I, 92. 
Syn. Athyris trinuclea. 


265 


Terebratula uta, II, 103. 

Syn. Rhynchonella uta. 
Thamniscus furcillatus, II, 31. 
Trachydomia nodosum, IL, 201. 
Trachydomia nodulosa, IIL, 200. 

Syn. Trachydomia wheeileri. 
Trachydomia wheeleri, [I, 200. 
Trematocrinus typus, I, 164. 

Syn. Gilbertsocrinus typus. 
Trematospira imbricata, Il, 96. 
Tremochilus forbesianus, II, 223. 

Syn. Nautilus forbesianus. 
Trochita carbonaria, II, 216. 

Doubtful. 

Trochonema umbilicata, [1, 155. 
Trochus missouriensis, [1, 136. 

Syn.Pieurotomaria missouriensis 
Troostocrinus lineatus, [, 136. 

Syn. Metablastus lineatus. 
Turbo tabulata, Ii, 142, 

Syn. Pleurotomaria tabulata. 
Turritella stevensana, [L, 202. 

Syn. Aclisina minuta. 


Xystrodus imitatus, Ll, 233. 
Yoldia subscitula, IL, 123. 


Zaphrentis acuta, I, 109. 
Zaphrentis calceola, I, 100. 
Zaphrentis cylindrica, I, 111. 
Zapbrentis dalei, [, 113. 
Zaphrentis elliptica, 1, 111. 
Zaphrentis exigua, I, 112. 
Zaphrentis glans, I, 116. 

Syn. Hadrophyllum glans. 
Zapkrentis illinoisensis, [, 114. 
Zaphrentis parasitica, I, 109. 

Syn. Zaphrentis acuta. 
Zaphrentis pellaensis, I, 114, 

Syn. Zaphrentis spinulosa. 
Zaphrentis spergensis, I, 115. 
Zaphrentis spinulifera, I, 114. 

Syn. Zaphrentis spinulosa. 
Zaphrentis spinuloga, I, 114. 
Zaphrentis tantilla, [, 111. 
Zaphrentis tenella, I, 111. 


266 INDEXICAL LIST OF FOSSILS. 


Zaphrentis varsavensis, I, 114. Zeacrinus pocil um, I, 214. 
Zeacrinus acanthophorus, [, 215. Syn. Woodocrinus pocillum. 
Syn. Hydreionocrinus acantho- Zeacrinus sacculus, I, 214. 
phorus. Syn. Woodocrinus elegans. 
Zeacrinus commaticus, I, 214. Zeacrinus scoparius, I, 214. 
Syn. Woodocrinus elegans. Syn. Woodocrinus elegans. 
Zeacrinus elegans, I, 214. Zeacrinus troostianus, I, 214. 
Syn. Woodocrinus elegans. Syn. Woodocrinus elegans. 
Zeacrinus, magnolizformis, 1,214. Zygospira nodesta, II, 98. 
Zeacrinus maniformis, [, 217. Zygospira subconcava, II, 99. 


Syn. Eupachycrinus maniformis, 
Zeacrinus microspinus, [, 216. 
Syn. Hydreionocrinus micro- 
spinus. 

















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Fic. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


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Fie. 


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Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. 





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EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIIL 3% 


es 











Archimedes wortheni se case See Vs Dey co kas dsb dys cabs eoanet tees enn 
A large example. (Cox collection.) ar 


Archimedes owenanus sitenenrrtnners (eeesejlbensee tu ecetontn rts sues Mena 
A typical specimen. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) ee). 
Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. ee , 


Phacelopora pertenwis.......sscssserseveesesteasseseseseenesseseenesaneenenes 
Part of azoarium. (After Ulrich.) — e 
Silurian , Trenton limestone. 


Rhombopora lepidodendroides ......... veh tah'péeeh allan tasty) ketene 8 
A large example. (Hare collection.) ee 
Surface. (Enlarged ) : ; 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Glyptopora plumosa ....000ccusthveresteoverecstnsccecesntdguccnavans =. 0 seiiinmaam | 


Fragment. (After Ulrich.) . * ; ten 
Carboniferous, St. Louis limestone. +e 


ao wee | 


Thamniscus furcillatus betes eee eee nee eee sean ee nen eeeaeea eer eeeeseeseneges ; 
Fragment. (Enlarged, after Ulrich.) 
Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone. 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXIII. 





POLYZOANS. 








\ 


PILI O-@. Gate | , 


Fie. 


Fie. 


Fic. 


Fia. 


Fie 


Fig. 


2a. 
2b. 






ae ‘ a ‘i cs > as s ‘ 
ih il " lla Ve Pe yesh a a ae aon ; 
ae My eu tin  4 in 
Li ar : “4, q 
eC rie |, 
~~ We x 
ms 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIV. 
Setopora biserialis si dadiethosensWasul lst Anis Dae Mae rr 
Non-poriferous side. (Hare collection.) — “a é 
A part of same (enlarged). 
Poriferous side (enlarged). 
Another specimen. (Hare collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 
Fenestella shumardi. enece 2AS CV. aoe es 2 eteceve co sseseeeeeseeceeeneseenesoneneeenees 
Specimen well preserved. (Hare collection.) 
Surface (enlarged) . : 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. ’, 

' Fistulipora nodulifera. Te 
Part of abranch. (Hare collection.) 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 

Lyropora POET OTEG oso vga tn cnwnds Mebessvfud wade open evs ike een ETnee a ; C 
Marginal support. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) - 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 

Fenestella rudis ee eenee seoncleiip bes onwanggauces weel Qageek oon macs aan 
Fragment. (After Ulrich.) - ¥ 
Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. ae 
Actinotrypa peculiaris...... cccecse cencees viata faesahn 1 52 eg ; 


Surface (enlarged). 
Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone « 


PLATE XXXIV. 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 


ger ee e 
a 


Feu caeageeere 


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ers 


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SIS 





POLYZOANS. 


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Fie. 2. 


Fia. 3. 


Fig. 5. 


Fia. 6. 


MaG sede 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV. 


CONULATIA MISSOUTTENSIS 5.0.5 ands cine oo cis ele.st0/6.0.p 014s wiueisic oo bere leisial4lelayeialateiaiene een 218 
Large specimen. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 

Cross-section of same. 

Carboniferous, Saint Louis limestone. 


Contlaria  Crusula sr. 25 he's ¢ 0 deo s.ciehieo.0.0 dalerm\a:s 01> «6 'siu/s\biw eiele. o vicis evete, = ik caer 219 
Medium-sized specimen. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Tentaculites incurvus ....... ain eslsie dive. en 0,816.6 106.015 61 qi0i8's16)0/ 019 ea\etete etelater eet eae 217 
Type. (After Shumard ) 

Part of same (enlarged). 

Silurian, Girardeau limestone. 


Lingula UMbonaa... . vec ssc nece sects spuassys oad ois sas ome 4s eure ets ss see 38 
Average-sized specimen. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


LAngilella lUmbor ne so csc sive y cone © se ticseieiele's sitiev ds cla naicisiereic aie Ristendts ci cre 38 
Views of different specimens. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sar.) 
Cambrian limestone. 


Discina nitidiy, J iecslccseisvoye oe ces aca cpcraarere ct omar ¢ « S.alecche orajere eee BACHE 89 
Several examples on shale. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Discina =CONVEDAL. ..< deivels visiclers eiveeiiehie sien SE Saket state ct emrettnee ctere sia auovstece: elevate Motte 40 
A large specimen. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 





MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXV. 















q bias 












NS 
! \\ Uys “i$ lif 
hig 
yt 1! 
PAO) 























BRACHIOPODS. 


we 





ere ae kT, 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVI. 
i tA Page 
Fig. 1. Productus costatut ..c..ce.00sesseascercesrwcepseetens-+resee onus tue: at nn 
la. Ventral view. is p | 
1b. Dorsal view. 
le. Side view. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


‘Fie. 2. Productus SYMMELTL CUS. 5 ke seoiasyerdunswoubediae pevenesqun iets sues een 48, 
2a. Side aspect. j Da 
2b. Ventral aspect. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Fig. 8. Productus costatus? ....sessecssveseresepsoordususesavcssusie+ase tenon enn 
3a. Ventral view. c. 
8b. Dorsal aspect. 
8c. Side view. ' 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Fig. 4. | Productus semireticulatus.......0...se0.cee0e PTT rr rere 
4a. Ventral aspect. 
4b. Dorsal view. 
4c. Side view. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 





MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXvi. 


ORR 
Bema her 


see ee 
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gag?nr 
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PEM ETGAT IN ti 
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BRACHIOPODS. 








PLATE XXXVII. 


r 
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Productus PUNCIALUS......0rcccrcccvacserecrecscrsens seen tree eee ee ete ee nen e eee 51 oes 


EXPLANATION OF PLaTs XXXVI. 


Side view. Bale | 988). 
Dorsal view. | S 
Ventral view. . ie 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. eer ear 


Productus cora. did een Sdnn ole city efpeba DIRGE MAGAS EE Cor ed shar slit a er 
Ventral aspect. 
Dorsal view. 

Ventral view of another variety. 
Carboniferou:, Upper Coal Measures. 


Productus NEbvASCENSIS 1.6.0.6 6 vecccceseceereancennceeseeerneeteenseeeteesieees 
Dorsal view. 

Side view. 

Ventral view. 


Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. ~ ee a 

Productus longispinus, ........... Si vaediasvenathcrad ene ee eae 
Dorsal view. ie, 

Ventral aspect. Ay Sa: eet 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. As ae ae oS 
Choneten lervte. si cecisansaaidesssseccn eas seg eel 
Ventral view of type specimen. ~ i . ee 
Longitudinal section of same. | 
Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures. | ee roe of 
Chonetes flemingi. eeeee ies. TE tet wet an A 


Ventral view of specimen with short hinge-line. 
Ventral aspect of example with long hinge-line. 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXvII. 








BRACHIOPODS. 








mp ieA hex x XV LI. 





Fie. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


FIG. 


Fie. 


Fig. 


la. 


2a. 


6b. 
6c. 


EXPLANATION O¥ PLATE XXXVILL. 


Page 
Productus levicostus.......... ea ug mst she tere sr atere o euclejae. 00s oa s'e\gie.s sol cla Glee siete aan 
Ventral aspect. 
Carboniferous, Kinderhook shales. 
Choneles Ornata..coacs ovieh svete covee kee’ ois. Sleres alan ot eee manana oe ela rere awe 58 
Ventral view. 
Carboniferous ?, Louisiana (Kinderhook) limestone. 
Choneles Centcildienascaadesas sx sig Biel ple ieta aye nate ana eiohcie an ete er eists ate ais tie ahem as one Chee 53 
Specimen enlarged two diameters. 
Carboniferous?, Louisiana (Kinderhook) limestone. 
Productella py@tdata,, oo cas.ds e's scons viv vise ¥s ib. a4 OX es ook aks HAE saletnae Mtr}. SUE! 
Ventral aspect of a smooth variety. 
Dorgal view of smooth shell. 
Ventral aspect of a ribbed shell. 
Ventral view of subspinonus variety. 
Carboniferous ?, Louisiana (Kinderhook) limestone. 
Orthis swallowi.......... Raley tates Ste ee ketD safe wlereoiera demnetaie cree rerarere nite sae oe cena 63 
View of a large example. 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 
Or thts Low enst gy iii occ sas o0% 5 huss sania delen vale male een ee eee winter an ate enn vee Ba 
Side view. 
Dorsal aspect. 
Ventral valve. 
Devonian, Callaway limestone. 
Orihis burlingtonensis ..... 6 sls: sie give elev ie, ¥,0/0/hl wis bbe a6 10,» Scat Oe ae en see Oe 
A mature individual. ' 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 

67 


Streptorhynchus crenistria...... erate. je ther gras, 9 18 ati 0/6, aaLGES pol ese alsianel Siete Cenene werner 
Ventral valve, exterior. 

Dorsal valve inside. 

Dorsal valve, outside. 

Ventral valve, interior. 

Ventral aspect. 

Dorsal valve, inside. 

Ventral valve, inside. 

Dorsal aspect. 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXVIII. 





Tah 
May 
y 


ff 


Uy fell 
Gj SY ipa) 
y Uj) fr f \ 


7) ys: 





BRACHIOPODS. 














Fig. 


Fig. 


Fic. 


Fig. 


Fie 


Fia. 


FiG. 


Fie. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fic. 


10a. 
10b. 


i. 


lla. 
1lb. 
llc. 
lld. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIX. 


Page 


Meekella striatocostata ..........essseeee AA OOOO OD CU OO BO IDO. oc acentens 
Side view. 

Dorsal aspect. 

Ventral view. 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Streprorhynchus lens: W.,sjcidw ave au ws elev 219 01 ste. a'ew a larwile, she « 3 okleialecels ete vive ds 
Ventral uspect (Mus. Mo Geol. Sur.) 

Dorsal aspect of same. 

Carboniferous ? Louisiana (Kinderhook) limestone. 


Strophomena alternadta .........-os«.0 ow: kca& siw'e) 04 eiq.'o'8 9 Bus Mier Oleretesetels etal een 
An average size specimen. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Silurian, Trenton limestone. 


OFINTS 71 CENGTIDL ic eclea ss ces Praia elnicts ctuls stn diame wes SapLeietie a ernee sere dctlee < 
Ventral aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Silurian, Trenton limestone. 


Platystrophid ly NB... cdi ins ones 10/4 0% oe ae seen els o/siaw vieissie'n «see -efe lates ete = aan 
Dorsal view. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Silurian, Trenton limestone. 


Pleetambonites ThOMbOUW ahs, VAL... ou vaicaeieks ks ves tletie eteeisctan seis «ae = 5/3 oe 
Ventral aspect. (Rowley collection.) 
Carboniferous, Lower Burlington limestone. 


Strophodonta demissa,.... .... o Sie.g wi, 0d a desig a vie. viviate.ie devel k's Caan Relate pene 
Dorsal aspect. 

Ventral view. 

Devonian, Hamilton limestone. 


Syntrilasma hemipltcata .. cee erscsonscocasdscanssas esis s 4 seuesien eee 
Anterior view. 

Dorsal view. 

Ventral view. 

Side view. : 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Depla@ne, Sereced. bec chs ccuewas ive xencnsseina seuss a'0 an whag case dace enn 
Interior side. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur ) 
Silurian, Hudson river shales. 


Cyrtina  acuttrostrtso.i i. cavees «thie cvwve cweue Ueut nee oacbien seen Ae ne 
Side view (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sar.) 

Dorsal aspect of same. 

Carboniferous ?, Louisiana (Kinderhock) 1 mestone. 


Athyris argentea 
Ventral aspect. 
Side view. 
Dorsal aspect, 
Dorsal aspect. 
Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


se eee ee es ereeeree eat eeesse eer eeeereetereteerseeesesreseeeeisssses 


68 


67 


70 


60 


70 


70 


89 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XXXIX. 





BRACHIOPODS. 





ae 
o 


Pome 


; 
Zi 
3 

; 








tay i =@ 
q 
4 
1d 
. 
4 
, 
, 
1 
a ‘ 
. 
*% 
Z * ‘ 
AMEE Ps 4) 2 
% 7 t A a s 
- A . 
La) fees . A j 'd i 
(> 
° * i 
fv 
A ’ 
, C - 
% : 
5 F 
? . 
wv ~ 
- 
* 
* . 
‘ 
+ 
eon EES : 
oot AS 
§ a Pe 
Pr * 
‘ 4 j . 
i Q r ; > 
‘ * 
’ 
7 
. 
. ‘ 
. 
i 
. 
’ 
’ 
. « 
5 ‘ 
* 
é ¥ 
a ° 
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. ‘ - 
. 
‘ 
» 
. 
. 
* 
» : _ i} ie ‘ 
ihe r N's ° 4 
’ 
a A ny g 
.j ik : & ' 
te) 
7 i - ' 
Ad 3 : n f 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL. 


Page 
PIG ALY Se SPITE A MarLONnensisin aa ceee . cocoa ieee bao div egis eon ds 0c. elealnteta atta taeEe 718 
la. Dorsal aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
lb. Same of another specimen. (Same cabinet.) 
Carboniferous ? Louisiana, (Kinderhook) limestone. 
Wra.'2." Spirifera keokuk i. se oe. esses re tee ee "wie a2 ws owe ae ree a) 


Dorsal view. (Keyes collection.) 
Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. 


Fig. 8. Sptrifera fordest . occ vevcccececcesvéuh te enecesnye vais males) oe siun ttn 80 
Ventral view. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Fig. 4. Spirtfera parryana. .:.2...% PAE ete SOO SS BOCOAE Boca ace one Or: 717 
4a. Ventral aspect. 
4b. Dorsal view of same. 
Devonian, Hamilton limestone. 


Hie. 6..” Spirifera camerata-... ....s.s aces conten een emia eee dices 0 ease utegete aaa” 83. 
5a. Dorsal view. 
5b. Dorsal aspect. 
5c. Ventral valve. 
Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


Fie.6.  Spirifera lineatoides........ .. sate veel Plate a Veiere att tale We ota larete MPT ois eons lL 
Dorsal aspect of an exfoliated specimen. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Fig. 7. Spirifera sp.? 
Dorsal aspect. (Kayes collection.) 
Carboniferous, Kinderhook shales. 


EG PSO ULTOOLLUTIS DLCTIUSie tama oni enter ice Mira diele cterstne Cates AAI AAS é dela itis ae aia Glee 
Side view. (Keyes collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Fie. 9. Spiriferina kentuckensis.........0cce0ee ese ticks ston sorta wie e.sieteia.s aioeeate aes cottons 86. 
9a. Posterior view. 
9b. Ventral view. 
Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


Fie. 10. Syringothyris carteri. ..........0. eaces (e = siecle ebsiecins claeiele 00.0 s'e se sie wis ane 87 
Posterior view. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XL. 


Sos" 


canes 


i 











BRACHIOPODS. 








Pea BOLT. 


Sairy Vii : 
ue in 


‘g Be 





ae 
; 





Fig. 


Fic. 


Fic. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fie. 


Fic. 


Fic 


¥Fiae. 


Fig. 


Fia. 


EG. 


8a. 
8b. 


10. 


15. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLI. 


Athyris vittata ......... Sanat Pre rite ar tea 
Dorsal view. 

Ventral aspect. 

Devonian, Hamilton limestone. 


Retzia mormoni ....... imfaaeule act S aretmelararelatela. steehcpite Merete: 
Side view 

Dorsal aspect. 

Ventral view. 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


RAYNChONC Ga Centara era ies gies eialesiere so etalaisic eros ela eisleiere 
Ventral aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Silurian, Trenton limestone. 


Retzia sp,? 
Dorsal aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Carboniferous, Lower Burlington limestone. 


NUcleosptr ad Pistf Orisa oscar cenacence sk ci coh eee “ 
Ventral aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Silurian, Niagara ? limestone. 


Rv neNOmella, Wb. oc sos vcs mie vie eisrviole lala slot ata arstarels sitiayeiers ciate 
Ventral aspect. ; 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Rhynchonella sp ? 

Dorsal aspect. (Davis collection ) 
Side view. (Davis collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


AthYVUS RANNIDALENSISI, o occ.s aca sieie'ists a oiaial- tale ee heel Be 
Ventral aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 


Carboniferous ? Louisiana (Kinderhook) limestone. 


ALhyVIS ANCVOSSOLUS 1 on. coo rie al oats eh aie anette a Bites 
Dorsal aspect. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone, 


Rhynchonella sp ? 
Dorsal view. (Keyes colJection ) 
Carboniferous, Kinderhook shales. 


Rhynchonella capav........ Fiomactchs/ciely statelelotetarsie’s eteciective 


. Dorsal view. (Mus. Mo Geol. Sur ) 
. Side view. (Mus. Mo. Geol Sur ) 


Silurian, Hudson River shales. 


ALT Y PEs FOLLCULEPIUS sr tia cp xis widens waa ie atte « s\6 eainvs. silo sae tc 


. Side view. 


Dorsal aspect. 
Devonian, Hamilton limestone. 


Terebratula sp.? 
Dorsal view. (Rowley collection ) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Ter evravuta TOWleyt jo. ans civies sieeiee Marais Waters ates Nata Slo'es Ae 
Dorsal aspect. (Rowley celiection.) 
Carboniferous, Lower Burlington limestone. 


Page 
con cve ) vice eae ox, OO 
ot on's stan wele ates a ae 95 
geugecd aahee cnn ae 100 
os 8.010.080 hy GaSe ae os 94 
> 6c Mere re 
er eee || 
waa a's ommt  ale eee esane ee 
ovtcas sa eele as 6aeleh ane 99 
or ee ee ewe eee ete eeeeeeeeeee 97 
no wae Sees s/o vhs ¢ ate eee 


PLATE XLI. 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 


wr 


roving 





BRACHIOPODS. 





Fig. 


Fig. 


Fic. 


Fie. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


2a. 
2b. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLII. 


Page 
TAM POLIS OY os sais io cinsre odeinine wo welg Sele bv al Ge crate pin lols wis lerel elem cient nee ae 108: 
Both valves. 
Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 
Entolium aviculatem. occ cicscsiscavivesceseheavses en's co vo erene tent 109 
Interior aspect. 
Outside. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 
Aviculopecten OCCIdENEAIIS . osc ccc cc uss cece aus cole ek PPO ica) ace omen. 110 
Left valve. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures, 
Pseudomonotis hawni (?) 
A finely-preserved shell. (Hare collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 
Aviculopecten sp .? 
A medium-sized shell. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Carboniferous, Lower Burlington limestone. 
Aviculopecten tNlevlineatus css dare vo cles: scleueie ma eiee cease setae ayuisioke «ole. Veneeteeeane 112 
Specimen with concentric markings well defined. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 
Aviculopecten fasciculatus .......ss.e0. api daainetoiteeiets Sihite doe ty o «ue oN Cates eee eee 


A large example. (Hare collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLII. 






nad 
a 
















AIA 
cae (UHH) 


sbi 






PED 


Md y 
Ning a 


ae 
































i 
4 
= 
= * ine 
2 Bel BE 
ee Fea ES 
st £ ca “6 
Gk 4 Ee 
i HP Ts a sy 
PTH AAS 
ee eer tes 
Be ie \ 
te iS $3: A 
i cS'E NES 
1 we jes 
= ee ts 







‘ 


ts 
UTP FO Vesteelos 


i 
oa 





rm 


bathe 






ae 













Leow ed A eae 



















5 Stoel 
ea"! 
ts se-t8-) &. 
: agate; 
| at 
cr = 3= 
= *. 
= Ve 
" b 
=: iF ’ 
= a. 
5 “| 






ry Mins 





LAMELLIBRANCHS. 





ie? 


Wiel 4 


Ay 
‘va 
urn 


ie 


x 
PS 
= P pit 
~ é 
baa Os 
: i or 





va PLATE aA 











“”, a 
ae iy 
*, 
ra 
a. 
A 
4 
aed 
ae ay 
ty 
4 
‘5 
« 
L 
oy 
f 
; 
. d 
s 
‘ 
’ 
é 
‘ 
a4 “4 
ay 
ide ay 
hd | 
rm i 


Fic. 


Fia. 


Fic, 


Fia. 


Fig. 


Fic. 


Fig. 


Fie. 


Fig. 


8a. 
8b. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIII. 


Page 
Mononteria longispind .. ccicrves es osisicisivic s citis os v0,0\9,019 elle ees eel siaiein sat ete enn 114 


‘Left valve. (Hare collection.) 


Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Monopteria gibbosa 
Right valve. ; 
Anterior view of same. 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Myalina swallowi 
Right valve. 
Left valve. 
Dorsal aspect. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Aviculopecten carboniferus, 
Valve showing markings. 
Opposite valve. 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Myalina kansasensis 
Shell showing imbricated lines of growth. (Calvin collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Aviculopecten sp. ? 
Specimen with ears broken away. (Hare collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


AVICULOPECCEEN: MAG IG, 0.2 ssc oe vein dav aisles vie vole sie ais isjersiaisitiele © si0.eie 0'§.6 Syehaniatensle areata 110 
Medium-sized specimen. (Shepard collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


EAIhophnaga SP. Gittins asicisisciee nteivieiien cols sieitaisie tes ce oR centers ci (aieetee Abc And kG: 
Left valve. (Rowley collection.) 

Dorsal outline of same. 

Carboniferous, Lower Burlington limestone. 


PIGCUNODS1S CULDONATIGT, we dae une ences 6 ah a cian ieresteiets Sar erriets o So's ol cleeestetenee 1(8 
Left side. (Hare collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


PLATE XLIII. 


MISSOURI! GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 


ons a idan (ad ak 


—— 





y 


ote avidity 
“aa 


ae 1 


PF 





LAMELLIBRANCHS. 





in 





_ 


» 





EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIV. 


Fie. 1. Myalina subquadrata............6. HAL OTe £010.00 66: 010.5 9:0 6:85 01316) 8 615y eterna nan Felis: 
la. Interior of valve. 
lb. Exterior of same. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 
118 


Fie. 2. Myalina subquadrata....cccccccssecceussevesevedssucwesecsenede vas puna 
2a. Outside of valve. 
2b. Inside of same. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 


PLATE XLIV. 





OS 





LAMELLIBRANCHS 


ae 


~~ 


» Pe deta rik te 
oy ties » 
eke nee’ 


Se as 


qc>y 





le Ae Hee PV 


. 
‘ 
. 
' 
' 
- 
. 
+s 
. 
4 
a 
7 
. 
) ‘ 
,, ye . 
. ak 
I “ 
« 
Lhe « j \ 
SF Liat ie ee 





j f : : 5 
ie 
TGs 
la. 
Tb, 
Fie. 2. 
2a. 
“2b. 
KEiG 3. 
8a. 
3b. 
Fig. 4. 
4a, 
4b. 
f 
i 





EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLV. 


Myalbina recurvirostris ..... .cceeccasee Dobe e eee eee cae eeeeeaeee re eerene 
Iaterior of valve. 
Exterior of same. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Ts 


PINNe Peracula H, winaedy ces cas 4 anne ee cep thes aad oe eek eee eee 
Side view. 
Dorsal aspect 

Carboniferous, Upper Cal Measures. 


Nucula-ventricosa..5.mas;hiskviisaaiss ao ae ieee. ce 
Inside view (enlarged). 1 
Right valve. 

Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


Nuculana bellistriata....... So olaie deka a TOUTE, Casa ece 
Left valve. 

Dorsal aspect. 
Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


wou ee asa le dee 


—< Some” EE 


- 
me 
' 
4 
* 
_ . 
agt 
3¢e Se 
7 
‘ ‘ 
‘ 
) 
* va 
od 
‘ a . 
’ : c 
a% . 
2 
may yer 
oO us aka 
' s » ty { 7 
i y ye 4 _ 7h 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLV. 





LAMELLIBRANCHS. 








Fia. 


Fic. 


Fig. 


Fic. 


Fic. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fie. 


Fia. 


Fia. 


Fig. 


8b. 
8c. 


6a. 
6b. 


10. 


al. 


lla. 
llb. 


12. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVI. 


Macrodon obsoletus . ..... Hare dialeiaieCctete anda tale seats Selenide ecich 


Right valve. (Keyes collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Macrodon sangamonensi8..........00000. Wattigvaccre valet: occur 


Right valve enlarged. (Hare collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


SchiZodus Whreelert ence son cae caves wich sais eieln essen 5 
Side view of cast. (Mus. Iowa State University.) 
Dorsal aspect of same. 

Left valve. 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Schizodus: hart «2,503. bse eels a cash dees totes Sra nleste steers 


Left valve. (Hare collection ) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Astarteila:concentrica te. coke ate We eee decker ee ne te ee ea 


Left valve (Hare collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Conocar dium DATrishty aescosecsccccsasec heer tenses. ASIC 


Left valve. (Hare collection.) 
Dorsal aspect of same. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Astartella. Vera. ccccctaucesn acs Caen ee tees con damenters 


Right side. (Broadhead collection.) 
Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


Pleurophorus oblongus....... ...-+.eeee pasiels serainis sae Celie ahs 


Right valve. (Hare collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Schizodus sp?. 
Left valve. (Hare collection ) 
Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


Monopteria sp?. 
Left valve. (Hare collection ) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Page. 
eoeeereeereee eeeeeevee 120 


oe eee ew eer eeeree e@enee 121 


sees 9 00 alesse ae 


eeeteoereae eee ere eee eeeen 126 


sapecmews rrr rch 


oeséaweak ocdie erat eae 125 


ocanetenus scentehe meee 


Clinopistha 7adtata we. ccd. cen colossal cannes ves et ca one neeane o.asie éclore eteretersielenel Ga 
Dorsal aspect. 

Left valve. 

Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 

AllOrisma COStaIG ve. en tenes ee ne SS Iec AC ERI Or seas vdeeed ev 4 


Right valve. (Hare collection ) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLVI. 








AN yen" WNT eens ae 
Serene 
y fh 

Wp) Wy) . 

Yi) vi 





LAMELLIBRANCHS. 


<<, = x et - + 
a " . 4 7 
“al ' 2 

— 

-- 
~~ . sl . . ; 
—— © ‘ 

> 

re -. 
fon es 
* 5 7 ’ 

— 
2 
e = ~ 
a + 
2 ‘ . - 





TG 
la. 
1b. 

irc ares 

FIGs. 

Fie. 4. 

Fig. 5. 
Ba. 
5b. 

be. 


Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 





gi tz ry ; ror 7 ¢ 
ah ipe ose gt a uy oe i. 
yup.) ae y aT i 3 
oi Pw ie a kale ut Este mn ADS Ce lee ic: 
; + - Ales P =i cane my . 

: ays 4 ; \ ¥ Tike or ge yet 

; ue ty AA's Sg) ee oe 

¢ * ¥ r +i y ’ my 

2 5 oe f 
i tet 

' eo ie at 
» rtm 
mt ‘ 
j Tee eb: 
a Ag ; 
2. A 0 
oO 
rs 
. * + 
bt 
yes 
,. 1 
x 


EXPLANATION OF Pras XLVIL 






Edmondia aspinwallensis Lette etree ete eee ee reece eee erase eet, 
Right valve. 

Dorsal aspect. — 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures, ay x 


Edmondia nuptialis aire ri re nt 
Side view. (Rowley collection.) : 


Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Edmondia burlingtonensis be cab eid vthc bashes ike eee 
Left valve. (Rowley collection.) ] ; “la 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Allorisma sp ? a 
Cast of left valve (Rowley collection.) ; 
Carboniferous, Chouteau limestone. é. a. em 


Allorisma subcuneaium ...:...4sdec oss fees dacsus ded drds< eee eee 
Dorsal view. ; Se de 
Aspect of leftside. 
Right side. 


MISSOURI! GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE XLVII. 





LAMELLIBRANCHS 





— 


“et. 
7 2 
- a sh 
aan | 
ws ; 
ri 


eee 








Fig. 


Fic. 


Fig. 


Fie. 


Hic. 


Fic: 


6a. 
6b. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLVIII. 


Pleurotomarta br OGGREGAt «eee oc euine vie-n view Care's oie sie ows cielo 4/e'9/0) ate tet ene 144 
Type specimen. (Broadhead collection.) 

Another view of same. 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Pleurotomarta CTAZOCNSTS Vc nv cwvc sale cee whine wans Da eis icine erate are erent laueawen see 142 
View of a well-preserved specimen, x 2. (Keyes collection.) 

Another view of same. 

Carboniferous, Lower Coal Measures. 


PLEUroloMariG MASSOUTLENSTS <.. canis caste etic ve See Hie ice ei of careen oie 63+ foot 136 
Side view. (Hare collection ) 

Sutural region (enlarged). 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Pleurotomaria sp ? 
Side aspect. (Rowley collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Pleurotomaria perhumerosa....... aidia ois erpldis aieyelotsLe.etein vers euate Miatete e-elcisieisie.e ia.<i eters 140 
Side view of a typical specimen. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Pleurotomaria turbiniformis........ Rae arta or eels Viera aitiets Sees opteumaMien joes snie peo 
Side view. (Hare collection.) 

Ornamentation (enlarged). 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 






MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. ; PLATE XLVIII. 





GASTEROPODS. 





areg 
a 





Ch F,) 
) 


Thi "Ab “ nage 
x ¥ af ‘ ‘ « ered 


RAs bBy XT Xs 


. 





I ee te Ty 


Fie. 


Fia. 


HIG, 


Fie. 


Fig. 


2a. 


Ba. 
5b. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIX. 


Page 
Pleurolomariad MISSOUTTENSIS .. 6. 6.00%ss voce oct s\ 4 ¥ls.die's e c'cic! > c/ele Cath ehnee aan 136 
Another view of specimen shown on preceding plate. 
Pleurotomarta subcarbonaria .. .. ...vcccesse secu de «+s a sin esie'e viciciie cin Sennen 135 
Type specimen. (Rowley collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 
Murchisonia melaniformis? ...... bee 06 dips. 6:6 06:5. 0\6.¢/b:0/a @65\6/dls, 51916 alslole le amet ne . 145 
Side view. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Cambrian ? 
MUP chisonta Ler eOP a o.ae vie orvieisdv.e.c.006.0 00 Vener ses 46 cic/els sien sce aietee pent antennae 146 
A somewhat worn specimen. (Hare collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 
MUrchisOnt ad MGI OP. ca vices eislate ct als hieitisve’s sahdicia siete erent niente eee ss alin 6 'a'0.5 arene sae eee 145 


Specimen with sheli. (Mus. Mo. Geol, Sur.) 
Internal cast. (Same collection.) 
Silurian, Trenton limestone. 


m4 






SURVEY. PLATE XLIX. 


6. ¥9 te 


Baer ie 


GASTEROPODS. 








Fig. 


Fic. 


Fie 


Fig. 


Fia. 


Fig. 


Fie 


Li, 


5b. 
5c. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE L. 
Page 
BellerOopnOn \CVASSUS 2 4)5.< wecseie seis cniae by to cael te ease te eee «daa sep ae pe hole 
View of aperture. 
Side aspect. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Bellerophon PercCasvinaqus .ccacerccsscnisvctevedmceeaerinrs asa hs cya ene 153. 
Dorsal aspect. 

Apertural view. 

Same of another individual. 

Dorsal aspect. ‘ 

Side view. 

Same of another example. 

Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


Bellerophon bilabiatus..... Sr wii ak 5 RS ne a a Rony ee re ie. bons os cud. teneene 147 
Dorsal aspect. (Keyes collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Bellerophon nodocarinatus., .....0.cceeer eves Sacaeitent civ aeiere Piaisleiaite ate Poy 152 
Side view. 

View of aperture. 

Dorsal aspect. 

Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


Bellerophon urii. ....06. eciasingics peters are atasstal totale stars asco supe oe bess. apelin 
Dorsal aspect. 

Side view. 

View of aperture. 

Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


Bellerophon VANNCUES. ....vo0..-vecssscedes SPOUT hey IOC a chek ocsseasabe anne 
Dorsal aspect. (Keyes collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Beller ono Delius sy acosaisiviseeins Aes soci cies cite wiela iar wate erat ery 
Dorsal aspect of type. (Keyes collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATERL. 


i) 
Ip 


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GASTEROPODS. 





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Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


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EXPLANATION OF PLATE LI. 
Bellerophon sp.? 
Apertural aspect. (Hare collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Bellerophon Dilovatus 21 viaccess sue ciciecni ce cleistete ne ou aia tele s:ciaie rae 


Dorsal aspect. (Rowley collection. ) 
Silurian, Trenton limestone. 


Bellerophon MarCcowua7uss. «x oer cs alc siviers'e(e\e\sieiehse/eici«/-\vieisialelaisie vitae 


Dorsal aspect. (Hare collection ) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Por cellig: NOOSA R56 cae ae ccs cots cerae 5 wae dialog dip. do aletele'e cic elo eee eee 


Side view. (Rowley collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


SET ADATOLIUS OOLUBUS «a. sicta.n:e nis susie nica aru elvis bs oleievraisie rigid onjs/etera Teena 


View from above. (Keyes collection ) 
Carboniferous, Kinderhook beds. 


SET OPAL OLLUSKATMON. Gres J late wls) « saiefaleiei #1 akelateletals a ara veiclrs avers aieieitel siete ateanans 


View from above. (Rowley collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


OMphalotrochus Springuallensts Feniscissscisies ce avo « cih ie cas denis iele etait 


View of type. (U.S. Nat. Mus.) 
Carboniferous, Kinderhook limestone. 


Straparollus valvati formis....cas scacasiwovacuraas== oases sea yee 


View from below. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Cambrian. 


SEV APA OLUUS LATUB «o.oo :a.s ss oa n/n 5's es] Fo aielp anvole) elon wie eis sie inter an eine eee 


View from above. (Keyes collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Page 


ene 


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. 


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_ MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 


PEATE EW 























GASTEROPODS. 


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FIG. 2. 


RIG, 8. 


Fie. 4. 


Fig. 5. 


Fig. &#. 


Fig. 7. 


Fig. 9. 


Fig. 10: 


10a. 
10b. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE LII. 


~ 


Tgocer as CUPUlEs <j. deg inabnse teat sees beets. sanas 
View from above. (Rowley collection.) 
Outline from side. 

Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


TGoceras fssureua |. cases dhe onsets ween rely nny 
Side view. (Keyes collection ) 
Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. 


Igoceras Ppabulocrinmusy.oue. cece nie ies enews wets 


Specimen attached to Platycrinus hemisphericus. 


Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. 


Pleurotomaria sp ? 
Side view. (Rowley collection ) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Pleurotomaria sp ? 
Side view 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


SirOPNOsty US PCOTTENSTE: vag. ccc ce cetatenmnee es 
Apertural view. (Keyes collection.) 
Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


PRANCTOLINUS PATAAOLUS, .. oc recccseservecesceseces 
Lateral view. 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Maclurea Magna: {YOUBL) so... isn adie on vera anene ‘ 
View from above. (Mus. Mo. Geol. Sur.) 
Apertural aspect of same. 

Silurian, Trenton limestone. 


Capulus equilateralis .. ...0c5csusvesercccessvcvss 
Lateral aspect. (Keyes collection.) 


Page 
«iste 0-0 cle, 0 0.0 > /e.c,e% ards nieraleiee aennatS 183 


(Keyes collection.) 


we 0re.4 ce ao); ae, elefe sepals tate ae 163 


Apertural aspect of a specimen which was probably attached to a Platycrinus. 


Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. 


PEATE Ett. 





MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 


Ot3a ; 


x 


GASTEROPODS. 























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12a. 
12b. 


13. 
13a 


13b. 


14. 


l4a. 
14b. 


15. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE LIII. 


CAPUlUs DOV Glia ys. prove ie ose wn cd alsin ole Sisl acai aise pla ieperetereia Cetera einer Vicalateta meiten 174 

Lateral view of type. (Mus. Michigan Univ.) 

Lateral view of young specimen. (Keyes collection.) 

Lateral view of another immature specimen. (Keyes collection.) 

Lateral view of a natural cast. (Collection of J.S. Newberry.) 

Carboniferous, Kinderhook limestone. 

Orthony chia fOTMOSwM  eircs vc o's o's oieis cles + .n)o1 [6 isis om 4 o'e)olBiarelatelaie ele enter 189 

Lateral view of type, attached to the vault of Dorycrinus immaturus 

Wachs. & Spr. (Cvliection of Wachsmuth & Springer.) 

Carboniferous, Kinderhook limestone. 

Orthonychia cornuformis. 

Strophostylus bivolvis (White & Whitfield) . 

Igoceras subplicatum . 

Capulus lodensis. 

Capulus piso. 

Capulus occidens. 

Caputuls haltototdes> 4. ccsca oot sa once ee ee ‘id tal ae siete o tints outealee <a 174 

Lateral view. (Collection of J. S. Newberry.) 

Apertural aspect of same. 

TGOCETAS QUINCY ENSE . bi5.6asc sco saieleacajete sle.cee c's din Saeleaie hele Mielallaeenee ee tes 182. 

Lateral view, apical portion broken. (Keyes collection.) 

Lateral view of an exfoliated specimen. (Keyes collection.) 

Apical aspect of same. 

A specimen attached to the vault of Physetocrinus ventricosus Hall, lower 
portion of the crinoidal calyx not shown. (Collection Wachsmuth & 
Springer. ) 

Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 

CAPUlUs tT BUlOsUs eres otic oes vases cemere dariae ats ont a ae ee reeteigie eats 175. 

Lateral view. (Keyes collection.) . 

Dorsal aspect of same. 

Lateral view ot type. (Collection of E. O. Ulrich.) 

Carboniferous, Bariington limestone. 

Capwlus bisertalta oj... oc525 sale cs dew samrewia since Oba aunt nb oa Ck Opie oem 177 

Lateral view of type. (After Meek & Worthen.) 7 

Dorsal aspect of same. 

Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 

Capulus latus 2c So Gea Ss Races aa ae eee ele es 176 

Dorsal view of type. (Keyes collection.) 

Lateral aspect of same. 

Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 

Capulws Ob1IQUUs ... stave ewnewy (slcnaa mind ep bo ohh male peed 0 aesleey ae 177 

Dorsal view of type. (Keyes collection.) 

Lateral aspect of same. 

Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 

Orthonyctita eyrtOHletee, woeaaa tas oy wate pow a Dee Fo oleae 188 

Lateral aspect. (Keyes collection.) 

Carboniferous, Burlington limestone . 


PEATE EINE 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

















GASTEROPODS 





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EXPLANATION OF PLATE LIV. 


Orthonychid Chesterense. 6 ccicis on «seis uje.ns s cferetip 0 eie's wiciel sino) anit «. gikials yr eee 191 

Lateral view. (Keyes collection.) 

Lateral view of another specimen. 

Lateral aspect of specimen attached to Pterotocrinus acutus, with only a 
portion of the dome shown and the radial dome plates broken away. 

View from above of another specimen resting on the same species of cri- 
noid. (:b-d in collection Wachsmuth and Springer.) 

Carboniferous, Kaskaskia limestone. 


Orthony chia acuttrostris 2.2 5c alias iia staid dn 0:61 6 s18) ose ups wa. oss ap ale hin ere 190 
Lateral view 

Dorsal view of another specimen. (After Whitfield. ) 

Lateral aspect of same. 

Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone. 


Tgoceras pabwlocrinus 55, gx sts anedagedde ate oo eek ac euiclenie «seater str. seen 184. 


. Specimen attached to Platycrinus hemisphericus Meek & Worthen. (Keyes 


collection. ) 
Other specimens which were also attached to the same species of crinoid. 
Lateral view of same. 
Posterior view of a natural cast showing muscular scars. (After Meek & 
Worthen ) 
Carboniferous, Keokuk limestone.: 
Capulus spinigerus 
Lateral view. (After Worthen.) 
Another aspect of same. 


Capulus Par vus sc abo. cciviscsioe ss son vise. 6 ale'e'nerelgha siarsinie 4.5 orate Sn aiete ale lope tienen nee 180 
Dorsal view of specimen supposed to be the type. 
(Museum State University of Missouri.) 
Lateral aspect of same. 
Posterior aspect of same. 
Posterior view of another specimen. (After White.) 


Naticopsis tortum (Meek). 


. Apertural and dorsal views of type. (Collection of J.S. Newberry.) 


Portion of the vault of Strotocrinus rcgalis Hall, showing the impression 
made by a growing shell of Capulus. 


Calyx of Platycrinus pileiformis Hall, showing the impression made by a 
Capulus on the anal side of the crinoid. 


PEATE tl'v, 


MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 











ant 
pats 





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4a. 
4b. 


7a. 
Tb. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE LV. 


Page. 


Lozxonema sp.? 
Lateral aspect. (Rowley collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Lozonema sp.? 
Lateral view. (Rowley collection.) 
Carboniferous, Burlington limestone. 


Gen. et sp. nov. 

View of specimen. (Hare collection.) 
Opposite aspect of same, showing columella 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Soleniscus sp.? 

Specimen with part of body-whorl removed. (Hare collection.) 
Another specimen. (Same collection.) 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Bulimorpha inornata....... ssscccees iste ‘elaie e1iete si weta ates wie stag ie’nls Sieavety afe'er aie OI. 
Lateral view. (Hare collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


S7rophostylusremen Joo ccd deste an eee ce 60 0.0 o.655.9 brains 60.6 010, 4/0 5 he eels nie yelen Sneeate ean 
Apertural view. (Keyes collection.) 

Opposite aspect of same. 

Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Trachydomia wheelert csc cnersemeea ne sce AEROS IORICREICIC «sie e-o\s'sisipislo NiGieiniatets 


Lateral view. (Keyes collection.) 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


205 


PLATE EV. 





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GASTEROPODS. 








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Fig. 2. 


Fia. 8. 


Fig 5. 


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EXPLANATION OF PLATE LVI. | 


Goniatites sp. ? 
Lateral view. (Hare collection.) 


Selb 


Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. iis * 


Nautilus winslowt Sidi troll tay capes eek aitvae aeons eee a - 


Dorsal aspect. 
Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


Nauttlus avtesouriensis. oo si5.0ccuesasses inser detenkinaeeienee zs 


Dorsal aspect. 
Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


Nautilus forbesianus.....cocccccocecccececccses 


Side view. 
Lateral aspect. 
Carboniferous, Coal Measures. 


Nautilus ferratus. ’ 
Dorsal aspect. (Hare collection.) 
Side of same. ; | 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


Orthocer as rushenste 4. ss sscackes<ovns) Mea metedan 


Small and somewhat imperfect specimen. 
Carboniferous, Upper Coal Measures. 


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MISSOURI GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE LVI. 





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